Editing Anadyr (river)

{{Short description|River in Chukotka, Russia}}
{{refimprove|date=October 2012}}
{{Infobox river
| name              =Anadyr 
| other_name       = Анадырь / Онандырь / Йъаайваам 
| image             = Пробуждение после длительной зимы двух рек Анадырь и Белая.jpg
| image_caption     =  Confluence of the Anadyr and the [[Belaya (Chukotka)|Belaya]]
| source1_location  = [[Anadyr Highlands]]
| source1_coordinates = {{coord|67.0501|170.8464|region:RU}}
| mouth             = [[Bering Sea]]
| mouth_location    = [[Gulf of Anadyr]] 
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|64.8732|176.2882|region:RU|display=it}}
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[Siberia]], [[Russia|Russian Federation]] 
| length            = {{convert|1,150|km|mi|abbr=on}} 
| source1_elevation =  {{cvt|504|m|abbr=on}}
| mouth_elevation   = {{convert|0|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| tributaries_left= [[Belaya (Chukotka)|Belaya]], [[Tanyurer]]
| tributaries_right= [[Yablon (river)|Yablon]], [[Yeropol]], [[Mayn]]
| discharge1_location= [[Anadyrsky Liman|Anadyr Estuary]], [[Gulf of Anadyr]] 
| discharge1_avg    = {{convert|2,020|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System">{{cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7904921|title=Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System|last1=Christer|first1=Nilsson|last2=Catherine|first2=Reidy, Liermann|last3=Mats|first3=Dynesius|last4=Carmen|first4=Revenga|journal=Science |doi=10.1126/science.1107887|year=2005|volume=308 |issue=5720 |pages=405–408 }}</ref>
| basin_size        = {{convert|191,000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| pushpin_map        = Russia Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
| pushpin_map_size   = 
| pushpin_map_caption= Mouth location in [[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug|Chukotka]], Russia
}}
The '''Anadyr''' ({{langx|ru|Ана́дырь}}; [[Yukaghir languages|Yukaghir]]: Онандырь; {{langx|ckt|Йъаайваам}}) is a river in the far northeast of Siberia which flows into the [[Gulf of Anadyr]] of the [[Bering Sea]] and drains much of the interior of [[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug]]. Its [[Drainage basin|basin]] corresponds to the [[Anadyrsky District]] of Chukotka.

==Geography==
The Anadyr is {{convert|1150|km}} long and has a basin of {{convert|191000|km2|-3}}.<ref name=gvr>{{GVR|19050000112119000103602|Река Анадырь}}</ref><ref>[http://bse.sci-lib.com/article051909.html Анадырь (река на Чукотке)], [[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]]</ref> It is frozen from October to late May and has a maximum flow in June with the [[snowmelt]]. It is navigable in small boats for about {{convert|570|km}} to near [[Markovo, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug|Markovo]]. West of Markovo it is in the [[Anadyr Highlands]] (moderate mountains and valleys with a few trees) and east of Markovo it moves into the [[Anadyr Lowlands]] (very flat treeless [[tundra]] with lakes and bogs).  The drop from Markovo to the sea is less than {{convert|100|ft}}.

It rises at about 67°N latitude and 171°E longitude in the Anadyr Highlands, near the headwaters of the [[Maly Anyuy]], flows southwest receiving the waters of the rivers [[Yablon (river)|Yablon]] and [[Yeropol]], turns east around the [[Shchuchy Range]] and passes Markvovo and the old site of [[Anadyrsk]], turns north and east and receives the [[Mayn]] from the south, thereby encircling the Lebediny [[Zakaznik]], turns northeast to receive the [[Belaya (Chukotka)|Belaya]] from the north in the [[Parapol-Belsky Lowlands]], then past [[Ust-Belaya]] it turns southeast into the Anadyr Lowlands past the Ust-Tanyurer Zakaznik and receives the [[Tanyurer]] from the north. At [[Lake Krasnoye (Chukotka)|Lake Krasnoye]], it turns east and flows into the [[Onemen Bay]] of the [[Anadyr Estuary]].  If the Onemen Bay is considered part of the river, it also receives the [[Velikaya (Chukotka)|Velikaya]] from the south and the [[Kanchalan (river)|Kanchalan]] from the north. Other important tributaries are the Yablon, Yeropol and [[Mamolina]] from the right and the [[Chineyveyem]] and [[Ubiyenka]] from the left.<ref name=WR>{{Cite web |url=https://water-rf.ru/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B/842/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C |title=Water of Russia - Анадырь |access-date=2023-04-24 |archive-date=2022-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003074309/https://water-rf.ru/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B/842/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Its basin is surrounded by the [[Amguema (river)|Amguema]] and [[Palyavaam]] basins to the north, the [[Bolshoy Anyuy]], [[Oloy]] and [[Kolyma (river)|Kolyma]] basins to the northwest, and the [[Penzhina]] basin to the southwest.
{|
|- valign="top" 
|[[File:Anadyrrivermap.png|thumb|270px|Location of the Anadyr]]
|[[File:Anadyr.png|thumb|260px|Basin of the Anadyr with its main tributaries]]
|}

==History==
In 1648, [[Semyon Dezhnyov|Semyon Dezhnev]] reached the mouth of the Anadyr after being shipwrecked on the coast.  In 1649, he went upriver and built winter quarters at Anadyrsk. For the next 100 years, the Anadyr was the main route from the Arctic to the Pacific and [[Kamchatka Peninsula|Kamchatka]]. In the 18th century, the Anadyr was described by the polar explorer [[Dmitry Laptev]].

==Ecology==
The country through which it passes is thinly populated, and is dominated by tundra, with a rich variety of plant life.{{efn|The area, which is still sparsely populated today, in 1911 it was described as "thinly populated"{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}.}} Much of the region's landscapes are dominated by rugged mountains. For nine months of the year the ground is covered with snow,{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} and the frozen rivers become navigable roads.  George Kennan, an American working on the [[Western Union Telegraph Expedition]] in the late 1860s, found that dog sled travel on the lower Anadyr was limited by lack of firewood.

[[Reindeer]], upon which the local inhabitants subsisted, were once found in considerable numbers,{{efn|This point was made in 1911: "Reindeer, upon which the inhabitants subsist, are found in considerable numbers"{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}.}} but the domestic reindeer population has collapsed dramatically since the reorganization and privatization of state-run collective farms beginning in 1992. As herds of domestic reindeer have declined, herds of wild caribou have increased.

There are ten species of [[salmon]] inhabiting the Anadyr river basin. Every year, on the last Sunday in April, there is an ice fishing competition in the frozen estuarine waters of the Anadyr's mouth. This festival is locally known as '''Korfest'''.

The area is a summering place for a number of migratory birds including [[brent goose|brent geese]], [[Eurasian wigeon]]s, and the [[northern pintail|pintails]] of [[California]].{{sfn|Henny|1973|pp=23-29}}<ref>[http://www.werc.usgs.gov/pinsat/journal2001.html "Biologist's Journal 2001"  Western Ecological Research Center, United States Geological Survey]</ref>

==See also==
* [[Operation Anadyr]]

==Sources==
===Footnotes===
{{notelist}}
===Notes===
{{reflist}}

==References==
*{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Anadyr|volume=1|page=907}}
*{{cite journal|last=Henny |first=Charles J. |date=January 1973 |title=Drought Displaced Movement of North American Pintails into Siberia |journal=The Journal of Wildlife Management |volume=37 |number=1 |pages=23–29 |doi=10.2307/3799734|jstor=3799734 }}
*{{Cite web |date=Nov 2, 2023 |title=Russian Far East Hot Spots |url=http://wildsalmoncenter.org/pops/AnadyrRiver.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018001037/http://wildsalmoncenter.org/pops/AnadyrRiver.php |archive-date=Oct 18, 2007 |access-date=Nov 2, 2023 |website=Wild Salmon Center}}


==External links==
* [http://www.chukotka.org/en/tourism/about_tourism/kind_of_tourism/ "Tourist and environmental information"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100901060538/http://www.chukotka.org/en/tourism/about_tourism/kind_of_tourism/ |date=2010-09-01 }} Chukotka Autonomous Okrug website, in English
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071018001037/http://wildsalmoncenter.org/pops/AnadyrRiver.php "Russia Far East: Anadyr River" Wild Salmon Center]
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20080510105121/http://www.wildsalmoncenter.org/RapidAssessments/AnadyrRapidAssessment.pdf Anadyr River Watershed]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090305111407/http://www.faculty.uaf.edu/ffpag/snezhnoe.html "Snezhnoye: a village on the Anadyr' River"]

[[Category:Rivers of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug]]
[[Category:Drainage basins of the Bering Sea]]