Editing Anacardium

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| oldest_fossil = Eocene
| image = Anacardium occidentale MS 4693.JPG
| image_caption = ''[[Anacardium occidentale]]'' fruit
| display_parents = 2
| taxon = Anacardium
| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
| synonyms = ''Cassuvium'' <small>Lam.</small><br />
''Rhinocarpus'' <small>Bertero & Balb. ex Kunth</small><ref name="GRIN">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?588 |title=''Anacardium'' L. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=2009-11-23 |access-date=2010-02-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090506230425/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?588 |archive-date=2009-05-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
}}

'''''Anacardium''''', the '''cashews''', are a genus of [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Anacardiaceae]], native to [[Tropics|tropical]] regions of the [[Americas]]. The best known species is ''[[Anacardium occidentale]],'' which is commercially cultivated for its cashew nuts and cashew apples.

==Etymology==
The name ''Anacardium'', originally from the Greek, actually refers to the nut, core or heart of the fruit, which is outwardly located (ana means "upwards" and -cardium means "heart").

==Taxonomy==
The oldest species of the genus ''Anacardium'' is ''Anacardium germanicum'' from the [[Eocene]] aged [[Messel Pit]] of Germany, well outside the current range of the genus.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Manchester |first1=Steven R. |last2=Wilde |first2=Volker |last3=Collinson |first3=Margaret E. |date=October 2007 |title=Fossil Cashew Nuts from the Eocene of Europe: Biogeographic Links between Africa and South America |url=http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/520728 |journal=International Journal of Plant Sciences |language=en |volume=168 |issue=8 |pages=1199–1206 |doi=10.1086/520728 |s2cid=84629334 |issn=1058-5893}}</ref> They were present in the Americas by the [[Oligocene]]-[[Miocene]], as evidenced by the species ''Anacardium gassonii'' from Panama.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rodríguez-Reyes |first1=Oris |last2=Estrada-Ruiz |first2=Emilio |last3=Monje Dussán |first3=Camila |last4=de Andrade Brito |first4=Lilian |last5=Terrazas |first5=Teresa |date=2021-06-02 |editor-last=Vermeij |editor-first=Geerat J. |title=A new Oligocene-Miocene tree from Panama and historical Anacardium migration patterns |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=16 |issue=6 |pages=e0250721 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0250721 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=8171895 |pmid=34077439|bibcode=2021PLoSO..1650721R |doi-access=free }}</ref>

{{As of|2020|July}}, the PoWO (''Plants of the World Online'') accepts 13 species:<ref>{{citation
|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1739-1
|title=Kew Science Plants of the World Online
|access-date=11 July 2020}}</ref>
*''[[Anacardium amapaense]]'' <small>J.D.Mitch.</small>
*''[[Anacardium amilcarianum]]'' <small>Machado</small>
*''[[Anacardium brasiliense]]'' <small>Barb.Rodr.</small> 
*''[[Anacardium caracolii]]'' <small>Mutis ex Alba</small>
*''[[Anacardium corymbosum]]'' <small>Barb.Rodr.</small>
*''[[Anacardium excelsum]]'' <small>[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]</small>
*''[[Anacardium fruticosum]]'' <small>J.Mitch. & S.A.Mori</small>
*''[[Anacardium giganteum]]'' <small>(Bertero & Balb. ex Kunth) Skeels</small>
*''[[Anacardium humile]]'' <small>Hance ex Engl.</small>
*''[[Anacardium microsepalum]]'' <small>Loes.</small>
*''[[Anacardium nanum]]'' <small>A.St.-Hil.</small>
*''[[Anacardium occidentale]]'' <small>L.</small>
*''[[Anacardium parvifolium]]'' <small>Ducke</small>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikispecies-inline}}

{{Commons category-inline|Anacardium|''Anacardium''}}

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{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Anacardium| ]]
[[Category:Anacardiaceae genera]]


{{Anacardiaceae-stub}}