Editing American Popular Revolutionary Alliance

{{Short description|Political party in Peru}}
{{pp-pc}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox political party
| name             = Peruvian Aprista Party
| native_name      = Partido Aprista Peruano
| logo             = APRA Peru logo.svg
| flag             = Flag of APRA.svg
| logo_size        = 200px
| colorcode        = {{party color|American Popular Revolutionary Alliance}}
| abbreviation     = PAP<br/>APRA
| leader1_title    = President
| leader1_name     = [[César Trelles]]
| leader2_title    = General Secretaries
| leader2_name     = [[Belén García Mendoza|Belén García]] {{small|(Institutional)}}<br/>[[Benigno Chirinos]] {{small|(Political)}}
| leader3_title    = Political Commission Chairman
| leader3_name     = [[Mauricio Mulder]]
| leader4_title    = Founder
| leader4_name     = [[Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre]]
| foundation       = {{start date and age|1924|5|7}} ([[Mexico]])<br />{{start date and age|1930|9|20}} ([[Peru]])
| membership_year  = 2022
| youth_wing       = [[Juventud Aprista Peruana]]
| membership       = 50,000<<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sroppublico.jne.gob.pe/Consulta/PadronAfiliado|title=Partídos Políticos inscritos que presentaron Padrón de Afiliados|language=es|website=jne.gob.pe|access-date=25 February 2024}}</ref>  
| position         = '''Current''':<br/>[[Centre-right politics|Centre-right]]<ref>{{cite web|title=La izquierda y la derecha del APRA|url=http://www.perupolitico.com/?p=291|work=perupolitico.com|date=11 August 2006|access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=El giro del APRA y de Alan García|url=https://nuso.org/articulo/el-giro-del-apra-y-de-alan-garcia/|work=Nueva Sociedad|date=2008|access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref> to [[right-wing]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dorais |first1=Geneviève |title=Journey to Indo-América APRA and the Transnational Politics of Exile, Persecution, and Solidarity, 1918–1945 |date=30 July 2021 |pages=219–234 |language=en |quote=APRA's political agenda has followed a left-wing to right-wing linear}}</ref><br/>'''Historical:'''<br/> [[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]] to [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Estatuto del Partido Aprista Peruano|url=https://www2.congreso.gob.pe/sicr/cendocbib/con2_uibd.nsf/3EC064B997842906052575F2005D503C/$FILE/estatuto-APRA.pdf|date=June 2004|access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Historia del APRA - Partido Aprista Peruano|url=https://apraperu.com/historia/|work=APRA|access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref>
| ideology         = {{ubl|class=nowrap|
| [[Social democracy]]<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/174902|title=The Peruvian Aprista Party and Haya de la Torre: Myths and Realities|author=North, Liisa|year=1975|journal=Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs|volume=17|issue=2|pages=245–253|doi=10.2307/174902|jstor=174902}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/238536276 |title=Is Social Democracy Possible in Latin America? |date= January 2008|access-date=15 May 2021|last1=Roberts |first1=Kenneth }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/peruvian-aprista-party-papapra|title=Peruvian Aprista Party (PAP/APRA) &#124; Encyclopedia.com|website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref>
| [[Third Way]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=José Alberto de la Fuente |title=Victor Raúl Haya de la Torre, the "Apra" and Indo–Americanism |url=https://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/objetos_digitales/3433/delafuentecuyo24.pdf}}</ref>
  | [[Latin American integration]]<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/kokusaiseiji1957/1978/59/1978_59_19/_article|title=The APRA and the International Relations in the 1920's: On the activities of V. R. Haya de la Torre|first=Fumiaki|last=Noya|date=15 May 1978|journal=International Relations|volume=1978|issue=59|pages=19–39, L3|via=J-Stage|doi=10.11375/kokusaiseiji1957.59_19}}</ref>
}}
{{collapsible list
  | title='''Historical:'''
  | [[Left-wing populism]]
  | [[Left-wing nationalism]]
}}
| headquarters     = [[Avenida Alfonso Ugarte|Av. Alfonso Ugarte]] N° [[Casa del Pueblo, Lima|1012]], [[Breña]], [[Lima]]
| anthem           = "{{lang|es|La Marsellesa Aprista}}"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.justsomelyrics.com/2323046/arturo-sabroso-marsellesa-aprista-lyrics.html|title=Arturo Sabroso marsellesa aprista Lyrics|website=www.justsomelyrics.com}}</ref>
| regional         = [[COPPPAL]]
| international    = [[Socialist International]]
| seats1_title     = [[Congress of the Republic of Peru|Seats in Congress]]
| seats1           = {{Composition bar|0|130|hex={{party color|Peruvian Aprista Party}}}}
| seats2_title     = [[Regional Governments of Peru|Governorships]]
| seats2           = {{Composition bar|0|25|hex={{party color|Peruvian Aprista Party}}}}
| seats3_title     = [[Regional Governments of Peru|Regional Councillors]]
| seats3           = {{Composition bar|0|274|hex={{party color|Peruvian Aprista Party}}}}
| seats4_title     = [[Provinces of Peru|Province Mayorships]]
| seats4           = {{Composition bar|0|196|hex={{party color|Peruvian Aprista Party}}}}
| seats5_title     = [[Provinces of Peru|District Mayorships]]
| seats5           = {{Composition bar|0|1874|hex={{party color|Peruvian Aprista Party}}}}
| website          = {{URL|http://www.apraperu.com}}
| country          = Peru
}}
{{social democracy sidebar}}
{{neoliberalism sidebar}}
{{Alan García series}}
The '''Peruvian Aprista Party''' ({{langx|es|Partido Aprista Peruano}}, '''PAP''') ({{audio|es_alianza-popular-revolucionaria-americana_001.ogg|listen}}) is a [[Peru]]vian [[Social democracy|social-democratic]] [[political party]] and a member of the [[Socialist International]]. The party was founded as the '''American Popular Revolutionary Alliance''' ({{langx|es|Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana}}, '''APRA''') by [[Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre]], who originally intended to create a network of [[Anti-imperialism|anti-imperialist]] social and political movements in [[Latin America]]. Members are called "''compañeros''" (fellows), based on the fraternity espoused by Haya de la Torre. Originally a [[Centre-left politics|centre-left]] to [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] party with [[Democratic socialism|democratic socialist]] and [[Nationalism|nationalist]] elements (in addition to the aforementioned anti-imperialism), the party moved closer to the political centre under the leadership of [[Alan García]] starting in the 1980s, embracing [[social democracy]] and later some [[Third Way]] policies. In 2006, the party adopted a new platform as [[Second presidency of Alan García|García's second presidency]] implemented a series of policies labelled as centre-right, embracing [[free-market capitalism]],<ref>{{cite web|title=La metamorfosis de García, de estatista a pro libre mercado Perú|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/latinoamerica-peru-garcia-sol-idLTAN2539656020080725|work=Reuters|date=25 July 2008|access-date=5 February 2023}}</ref> dialogue with other right-wing parties and organizations in the country, and closer ties with the [[Catholic Church in Peru|Catholic Church]] and [[Evangelicalism|Evangelical]] churches.<ref>{{cite web|title=Iglesia Católica es un pilar esencial para el país, asegura jefe del Estado|url=https://andina.pe/agencia/noticia-iglesia-catolica-es-un-pilar-esencial-para-pais-asegura-jefe-del-estado-249282.aspx|work=ANDINA|date=19 August 2009|access-date=5 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Evangélicos junto a Alan García oraron por el Perú|url=https://entrecristianos.com/evangelicos-junto-a-alan-garcia-oraron-por-el-peru/|work=entreCristianos|date=1 August 2010|access-date=5 February 2023}}</ref>

Founded continentally in 1924 in [[Mexico City]], [[Mexico]], and nationally in 1930 in [[Lima]], it is one of the oldest political parties in Latin America. Among the Peruvian political parties in activity, specifically for having been stripped of electoral victories by coups or military governments after having triumphed democratically, it also went through two long periods of illegality, both under military and civilian governments, having been persecuted by the presidencies of [[Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro]] and [[Manuel A. Odría]]. The Peruvian Aprista Party has gained in the presidency in two occasions: in 1985 and 2006, both under the candidacy of [[Alan García]]. At parliamentary level, the party was represented uninterrupted from 1995 until 2020, falling below the electoral threshold to attain legislative representation.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

Although APRA does not operate throughout Latin America as its founder envisioned for, it has served as a powerful influence for other progressive Latin American political organizations, such as [[Democratic Action (Venezuela)|Democratic Action]] (AD) in Venezuela and the [[Socialist Party of Chile]].

==History==
=== 20th century ===
==== Original platform ====
APRA was founded by [[Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre]] in [[Mexico City]] on 7 May 1924 with aspirations to becoming a continent-wide party, and it subsequently influenced a number of other [[Latin America]]n political movements, including [[Bolivia]]'s [[Revolutionary Nationalist Movement]] (''Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario'', MNR), [[Dominican Republic]]'s [[Dominican Revolutionary Party]] (''Partido Revolucionario Dominicano'', PRD) and [[Costa Rica]]'s [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation Party]] (''Partido Liberación Nacional'', PLN). The party was inspired by Haya de la Torre's observations of [[fascist]] and [[communist]] parties during his time in Europe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=David |date=November 2010 |title=States, secrecy, subversives: APRA and political fantasy in mid-20th-century Peru |journal=American Ethnologist |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=701 |doi=10.1111/j.1548-1425.2010.01278.x |quote=As a number of authors have noted, Victor Raúl Haya de la Torre, who had founded the party and was responsible for its organization, had been heavily influenced by the discipline and order of fascist and communist parties during his trip to Europe in the 1920s.}}</ref>

Initial supporters for APRA in the 1920s mainly included middle-class and wealthy Peruvians who were upset with the sugar industry's modernization.<ref name=":12">{{cite journal |last1=Ciccarelli |first1=Orazio |date=August 1990 |title=Fascism and Politics in Peru during the Benavides Regime, 1933-39: The Italian Perspective |journal=[[The Hispanic American Historical Review]] |volume=70 |issue=3 |pages=405–432 |doi=10.2307/2516615|jstor=2516615 }}</ref> It appealed to left-wing Peruvian intellectuals, as well as the nascent Peruvian labor movement.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chaplin |first=David |date=1968 |title=Peru's Postponed Revolution |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/world-politics/article/abs/perus-postponed-revolution/565B49BBF29E602E5D671EC90A35359C |journal=World Politics |language=en |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=393–420 |doi=10.2307/2009774 |issn=1086-3338}}</ref> It is the oldest surviving political party in Peru and is as much a social phenomenon as a political movement, with a membership whose loyalty to the party has been unwavering for several generations. APRA initially espoused anti-imperialism, Pan-Americanism, international solidarity and economic nationalism. Years of repression and clandestinity, as well as Haya de la Torre's single-handed dominance of the party, resulted in striking sectarian and hierarchical traits.<ref>Roett, Riordan. "Peru: The Message from Garcia." Foreign Affairs 64.2 (1985–1986): 274–286.</ref> The party's structure and its hold over its rank and file proved more lasting than its original ideological platform.

In the 1930s, the party was banned after being inaccurately labeled as [[communist]]; [[Italy]] and the [[United States]] supported the ban as they believed APRA served as a front group for [[bolshevism]].<ref name=":13">{{cite journal |last1=Ciccarelli |first1=Orazio |date=August 1990 |title=Fascism and Politics in Peru during the Benavides Regime, 1933–39: The Italian Perspective |journal=[[The Hispanic American Historical Review]] |volume=70 |issue=3 |pages=405–432 |doi=10.2307/2516615|jstor=2516615 }}</ref> The conflict between APRA and the government of [[fascist]] president [[Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro]] led to [[civil war]]-like conditions.<ref name=":13" /> On 2 July 1932, APRA militants massacred sixty soldiers in [[Trujillo, Peru|Trujillo]], which resulted in a violent response from President Sánchez Cerro that resulted with about 1,500 Apristas killed and the arrest of Haya de la Torre.<ref name=":13" /> [[Abelardo Mendoza Leyva]], an Aprista, later assassinated President Sánchez Cerro on 30 April 1933.<ref name=":13" />

==== Move to the right ====
In 1944, APRA formed the [[National Democratic Front (Peru)|National Democratic Front]] political coalition beside the far-right [[Reformist Democratic Party]] and the [[fascist]] [[Revolutionary Union (Peru)|Revolutionary Union]] party, excluding the [[Peruvian Communist Party]].<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last1=Villanueva |first1=Victor |last2=Crabtree |first2=Peter |date=Summer 1977 |title=The Petty-Bourgeois Ideology of the Peruvian Aprista Party |journal=Latin American Perspectives |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=73 |doi=10.1177/0094582X7700400303 |s2cid=154846540 |quote=In the elections of 1939 APRA stood ready to ally with ... the fascist Union Revolucionaria (UR) whose leader, Luis A. Flores, described himself as a "fascist by temperament and conviction" ... APRA allied itself to Manuel Prado, ... Apristas who had already voted for Prado, and his triumph was due to this support and to the electoral fraud effected by Benavides. In 1944 APRA formed part of the reformist Frente Democratico Nacional (FDN) ... including the fascist UR, ... The triumph of the FDN made Dr. Bustamante y Rivero the new President; he belonged to the ultra-conservative sector ... In the elections called in 1950 ... the Aprista Party supported the candidacy of the ultra-conservative General Ernesto Montagne, an ex-minister in the Sanchez Cerro and Benavides dictatorships.}}</ref> The alliance led to the triumph of ultraconservative [[José Luis Bustamante y Rivero]] becoming president the same year.<ref name=":02" /> In the late 1950s, APRA moved towards the political right.<ref name=":23233">{{Cite book |last=Scott Palmer |first=David |title=Mao's Little Red Book: A Global History |date=2013 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-107-05722-7 |editor-last=Cook |editor-first=Alexander C. |location=Cambridge |pages= |chapter=The Influence of Maoism in Peru}}</ref>{{Rp|page=132}} Many of its left-wing supporters disillusioned.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Commanding Heights : Peru Overview  |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/lo/countries/pe/pe_overview.html |access-date=2023-05-06 |website=[[PBS]]}}</ref>

After several years of military rule, APRA was allowed to participate as a legal political party in 1979. The party gathered strong support from the electorate, managing to win a majority of seats in the newly created Constituent Assembly, and supervised the first democratic elections in 12 years.

Haya de la Torre was elected president of the Constituent Assembly and was slated to run as the party's presidential candidate in 1980. However, he died before the election. The party was divided between [[Armando Villanueva]] and Andres Townsend, each  of them claiming to be the political and ideological heir of Haya de la Torre. APRA chose Villanueva as its candidate, while Townsend and other members left the party to create the [[Hayist Bases Movement]]. The split among the Apristas allowed former president [[Fernando Belaúnde Terry]] of [[Popular Action (Peru)|Acción Popular]] to win the election.

==== Garcia presidency ====
However, APRA managed to win in virtual control of both the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. It was also during these election that [[Alan García]] started his political career, after being elected Deputy for the Province of Lima.

The youthful and charismatic García was elected president on 14 April 1985, with 45% of the vote during the first round. Since he did not receive the 50% of the vote required to win the presidency, García was required to enter the second round against [[Alfonso Barrantes|Alfonso Barrantes Lingán]] (the leftist mayor of [[Lima]]) of the [[United Left (Peru)|Izquierda Unida]] Coalition. Barrantes, however, decided not to enter the second round of the elections, saying he did not want to prolong the political uncertainty of the country.

García was thus declared president on 1 June and officially took power on 28 July 1985. It was the first time in its sixty-year history that the populist APRA party had come to power in Peru.

His presidency was marked by world-record [[hyperinflation]] with the annual rate exceeding 13,000 percent per year. García's administration devastated the local economy as well as all governmental institutions. Hunger, corruption, injustice, abuse of power, elitism, and social unrest raised to dramatic levels spreading throughout the whole nation, spurring terrorism.

At García's farewell speech, he was booed by the entire opposition forces and prevented from speaking. The anecdotal event was televised. That same day the board of the Chamber of Deputies requested the creation of a special committee to investigate García's presidency, accusing him of massive corruption and illicit enrichment. The committee attacked García with numerous proven accusations involving embezzlement, misappropriation and bribery, based – among other trustworthy sources – on a U.S. congressional investigation that linked García with the BCCI scandal and had found millions of dollars in banks. New York District Attorney [[Robert Morgenthau]] charged García officially. Later in 1992, then Senator [[John Kerry]] presided over the BCCI Scandal Report, ([https://archive.org/details/TheBCCIAffair The BCCI Affair]) which concluded that García was not only guilty of corruption, but also directly involved in an international racketeering network with activities that included drug and arms trafficking. Finally, the Peruvian Supreme Court, overturned prior judicial verdicts and declared all the probes and constitutional accusations against García "null".

In May 1989, APRA chose as its standard bearer [[Luis Alva Castro]] for the 1990 general election. For the final runoff, APRA sealed a hidden deal with [[Cambio 90]] and [[Alberto Fujimori]], to prevent the leading candidate [[Mario Vargas Llosa]], today a Nobel laureate and renown novelist and political analyst, from getting elected. Fujimori, a complete unknown, was subsequently elected.

==== Fujimori presidency ====
As Fujimori assumed the presidency in 1990, Congress was dominated by the opposition forces of [[Mario Vargas Llosa]]'s [[Democratic Front (Peru)|Democratic Front]]. Fujimori's party had gained only 32 deputies out of 180, and 14 senators out of 60. The majority was divided between APRA (22%) and the Democratic Front, with about 32% of Congress. In 1992, Fujimori organized a successful [[1992 Peruvian coup d'état|coup d'état]]. This allowed García to flee Peru and request asylum denouncing political persecution, the asylum was granted by Colombian president [[César Gaviria]]. Shortly after, under the protection of president [[François Mitterrand|Francois Mitterrand]], García received again the privilege of political refuge and left Colombia to reside in Paris.

Fujimori convened elections for a [[Democratic Constituent Congress]], in which APRA did not participate. In the [[1995 Peruvian general election|1995 general elections]], the APRA nominee for president was [[Mercedes Cabanillas]], gaining only 4%, behind former [[United Nations Secretary General]] [[Javier Pérez de Cuéllar]] (21%) and the reelected Fujimori (64%). The party only got 8 congressman out of 120, while Fujimori's [[Cambio 90]]-[[New Majority (Peru)|New Majority]] dominated Congress with 67.

=== 21st century ===
In 2000, [[Abel Salinas]] was elected as the presidential nominee, being the worst general election for APRA, gaining only 1% of the popular vote. Only 6 APRA congressman were elected. As many assume the election was a fraud, Fujimori resigned after the corruption of his government was revealed by the opposition.

At the [[2001 Peruvian general election|legislative elections]], the party won 19.7% of the popular vote and 28 out of 120 seats in [[Congress of the Republic of Peru|Congress]]. Its presidential candidate at the elections of the same day, [[Alan García|Alan García Pérez]], won 25.8% of the vote, placing second and was defeated in the second round by [[Alejandro Toledo]].

In February 2005, García officially commenced his campaign for the [[2006 Peruvian general election|2006 presidential election]]. He came in second place by a slim margin over [[Lourdes Flores]], and faced [[Ollanta Humala]] in a run-off election on 4 June. He became president again as Humala conceded after exit polls and partial vote counts showed García leading. [http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/49A76531-B028-4524-A697-9270F81738A8.htm Breaking News, World News and Video from Al Jazeera]. He officially took office on 28 July 2006.

On the eve of leaving the government, García called a general election for 10 April 2011. APRA ran as a guest presidential candidate for former minister [[Mercedes Aráoz]], but her candidacy was frustrated by numerous internal conflicts with other party leaders. In this way, the party participated in the elections without a candidate, obtaining 4 seats in Congress. It has remained an organized opposition party against the [[Ollanta Humala]] administration. For the [[2016 Peruvian general election|2016 elections]], APRA signed an alliance with the [[Christian People's Party (Peru)|Partido Popular Cristiano]] and [[Let's Go Peru|Vamos Perú]], under the title of "[[Popular Alliance (Peru)|Alianza Popular (Popular Alliance)]]", with Alan García as the presidential candidate, who will serve a third term and long-time rival [[Lourdes Flores]] as Garcia's first running mate.<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 January 2016|title=JNE valida inscripción de alianza electoral que postulará a Alan García |url=https://gestion.pe/peru/politica/jne-valida-inscripcion-alianza-electoral-postulara-alan-garcia-144571-noticia/|access-date=24 May 2021|website=Gestión|language=es}}</ref> According to Javier Barreda, this alliance did not benefit these three parties at all. On 13 May 2016, a political alliance between APRA and [[Keiko Fujimori]] is seen.<ref>{{cite news|title=Después de estas fotitos Exclusivas ¿ya podemos declarar sellada la alianza fujimorismo-Apra?|url=http://utero.pe/2016/05/13/despues-de-estas-fotitos-exclusivas-ya-podemos-declarar-sellada-la-alianza-fujimorismo-apra/|access-date=12 May 2021|website=Útero.Pe|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=15 January 2019|title=Comunidades en Twitter: Los seguidores de @SóloElApraSalvaráAlPerú {{!}} Mina57|url=http://www.mina57.com/comunidades-en-twitter-los-seguidores-de-soloelaprasalvaraalperu/|access-date=12 May 2021|language=es-PE}}</ref>

In the elections of said year, [[Alan García]] lost resoundingly, remaining in fifth place with 6.19%. Hours later, the candidate resigned from the APRA presidency calling for an "internal restructuring of the party." On Monday, 3 October 2016, [[Enrique Cornejo]] asks that they not think of putting obstacles that hinder votes, where he said do not think of cheating on the part of your "companions".

On 17 April 2019, former President [[Alan García]] died at the Casimiro Ulloa Hospital in Miraflores after shooting himself in the head after a preliminary search and arrest warrant against him due to the [[Operation Car Wash|Odebrecht corruption scandal]].<ref>{{cite web|date=17 April 2019|title=Confirman muerte del expresidente Alan García por un disparo en la cabeza |url=https://gestion.pe/peru/politica/confirman-muerte-expresidente-alan-garcia-disparo-cabeza-nndc-264468-noticia/|access-date=12 May 2021|website=Gestión|language=es}}</ref>

In the [[2020 Peruvian parliamentary election|extraordinary congressional elections of 2020]], held after the [[2019–2020 Peruvian constitutional crisis|dissolution of Congress in 2019]], the APRA had its worst electoral result of 2.7%, failing to pass the 5% electoral threshold, which means that it would not have parliamentary representation after 25 uninterrupted years.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|date=26 January 2020|title=Elecciones 2020: Apra obtiene solo el 2.8 % de votos válidos y no formaría parte del Congreso, según Ipsos |url=https://larepublica.pe/politica/2020/01/26/elecciones-2020-apra-no-paso-la-valla-electoral-pero-no-perderia-su-inscripcion-por-ser-elecciones-extraordinarias-jne-atmp/|access-date=12 May 2021|website=larepublica.pe|language=es-PE}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web|date=26 January 2020|title=Elecciones 2020: Partido Aprista no tendrá representación parlamentaria por primera vez en 25 años nndc |url=https://gestion.pe/peru/politica/elecciones-2020-partido-aprista-no-tendra-representacion-parlamentaria-por-primera-vez-en-25-anos-nndc-noticia/|access-date=12 May 2021|website=Gestión|language=es}}</ref> However, it managed to maintain the registration as a political party since it was an extraordinary electoral process.<ref>{{cite web|last=Arango|first=Melissa Barrenechea|date=30 January 2020|title=APRA y PPC: las causas de la derrota de dos históricos partidos en estas elecciones [Análisis]|url=https://rpp.pe/politica/actualidad/apra-y-ppc-las-causas-de-la-derrota-de-dos-historicos-partidos-en-estas-elecciones-analisis-noticia-1242512|access-date=13 May 2021|website=RPP|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=27 January 2020|title=Solidaridad y APRA: un año para no perder su inscripción|url=https://eltiempo.pe/solidaridad-y-apra-un-ano-para-no-perder-su-inscripcion/|access-date=13 May 2021|website=El Tiempo|language=es}}</ref>

In 2020, the party chose former Minister [[Nidia Vílchez]] as its presidential candidate for the [[2021 Peruvian general election|2021 general elections]]. However, and because the Special Electoral Jury (JEE) declared the party's congressional list inadmissible, they decided to withdraw Vílchez's candidacy for the presidency.<ref>{{Cite news|date=16 January 2021|title=Elecciones 2021: El Apra decide retirar la candidatura presidencial de Nidia Vílchez {{!}} elcomercio.pe/politica|url=https://elcomercio.pe/politica/elecciones/el-apra-retira-formula-presidencial-de-nidia-vilchez-noticia/|access-date=24 May 2021|newspaper=El Comercio|language=es |last1=Castro |first1=Jonathan |last2=Villarroel Zurita |first2=Alexander }}</ref> Because the party did not participate in the general elections, the party could lose its registration as a political party.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Elecciones 2021: un total de 16 partidos políticos perderían su inscripción en el ROP|url=https://elperuano.pe/noticia/120080-elecciones-2021-un-total-de-16-partidos-politicos-perderian-su-inscripcion-en-el-rop|access-date=2021-09-19|website=elperuano.pe|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Elecciones 2021: un total de 16 partidos políticos perdería su inscripción|url=https://andina.pe/agencia/noticia-elecciones-2021-un-total-16-partidos-politicos-perderia-su-inscripcion-843844.aspx|access-date=2021-09-19|website=andina.pe|date=4 May 2021 |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-05|title=Elecciones Generales de Perú de 2021: Estos partidos perderían inscripción al no pasar valla del 5% tras comicios del 11 de abril nndc |url=https://peru21.pe/politica/elecciones-generales-de-peru-de-2021-estos-partidos-perderian-inscripcion-al-no-pasar-valla-del-5-tras-comicios-del-11-de-abril-nndc-noticia/|access-date=2021-09-19|website=Peru21|language=es}}</ref>

== International alignment ==
APRA is a member of the [[Socialist International]].

The youth organization of APRA is known as [[Juventud Aprista Peruana]].

[[Hilda Gadea]] – the first female Secretary of the Economy of the Executive National Committee for APRA; later married [[Che Guevara]] and wrote a memoir.<ref>"[http://us.macmillan.com/mylifewithche My Life With Che] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090922222633/http://us.macmillan.com/mylifewithche |date=2009-09-22 }}." ''[[Macmillan Publishers (United States)|Macmillan]]''. Retrieved on 23 February 2009.</ref>

==Current structure and composition==
===National Executive Committee===
The '''National Executive Committee of the Peruvian Aprista Party''' is the implementing body of organic action and mobilization of the party. It is the responsibility of the National Executive Committee to give the unit of total action committees and party cadres, efficiently support the development of decentralized activities and delegate decision-making authority to the Base Committees throughout the Republic, with knowledge of the national political leadership.

The establishment, functions, powers of each National Institute and Regional Institute delegates and general coordinators, are set out in the General Rules of Organization on the basis of which produces the respective functions manual, which must be approved by the National Political Commission. It is led by two general secretaries, which are elected by a National Convention.

The current National Executive Committee is led by [[Belén García Mendoza]], former congressional nominee from [[Department of Ica|Ica]], and [[Benigno Chirinos]], former Senator and current Chairman of the Workers Confederation, a trade union affiliated to the party. As Institutional and Political General Secretaries, respectively, they were elected at the XXV National Convention, held from 25 to 27 October 2019.

====Current leadership====
* Institutional General Secretary: [[Belén García Mendoza|Belén Ysabel García Mendoza]]
* Political General Secretary: [[Benigno Chirinos|Benigno Hildebrando Chirinos Sotelo]]
* Secretary of Organization and Mobilization: Enrique Melgar Moscoso
* Secretary of Discipline: Maximiliano Paz Soldán Espinoza
* Secretary of Professional Caucuses: Ricardo Enrique Yturbe López
* Secretary of Unions and Workers: Eleodoro Calderón Zegarra
* Secretary of Popular Organizations: Filomena Arévalo Gonzales
* Secretary of Civilian Organizations: Zoila Rosario Bocángel Bravo
* Secretary of Social Management: Marilú Honorata Ticona Huamán
* Secretary of Production and Micro/Small Business: Hernán Isaac Echevarría Ardiles
* Secretary of Inter-institutional Coordination: Ruth Fanny Diones Acosta
* Secretary of Training: Álvaro Juanito Quispe Pérez
* Secretary of González Prada People's University: Carmen Esperanza Sotelo Bustamente
* Secretary of Political Training: Giovanna Rocío Temple Dueñas
* Secretary of Education and Professional Training: Norma Sebastiana Cavero Fuentes
* Secretary of Regional Governments: Miguel Ángel Javier Arango
* Secretary of Local Governments: Luis Alfredo del Carpio Villanueva
* Secretary of Women: Laura María Irene Angulo Robles
* Secretary of Youth: César Rolando Aranguren García
* Secretary of Press and Broadcast: Pedro Ricardo Palma Morales
* Secretary of Propaganda: Mayta Cápac Alatrista Herrera
* Secretary of Electoral Technique: Mercedes Milagros Núñez Gutiérrez
* Secretary of International Relations: Harry Gerardo Morris Abarca
* Secretary of Sports Affairs: María Luisa Lanatta Pino
* Secretary of Culture: Rosa Lourdes Bazán Flores

===Office of the President of the Party===
The Office of the President of the Party was established on 15 July 1985, in honor of [[Alan García]]'s triumph in being the first member of the party to be elected [[President of Peru]]. According to the party statute, it is the highest rank in the party, exercising executive functions, and presiding all permanent organ meetings. Chosen by the National Convention, the presidency is widely perceived as honorific position created exclusively for García. [[Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre]] holds the eternal position of "Chief", according to Aprista lore, but never took an executive role as embodied by García.

The current President of the Party is [[César Trelles|César Trelles Lara]], the former Governor of [[Piura]], elected and ratified as such pursuant to the law of Political Parties, by the XXV National Convention, held from 25 to 27 October 2019.

* '''President:''' [[César Trelles|César Trelles Lara]]

===National Political Commission===
The National Political Commission is the highest ranking organ on party policy, after the convention. It is in charge of defining and expressing the party's position on transcendental aspects of the country, conducting party thought and action, within the framework of its ideological and programmatic conception. It establishes the political line, agrees and guides the organization, party action and the development of the objectives and goals of the National Executive Committee and the Autonomous Bodies.

According to the party's statute, the commission is formed by eleven members. Five members are elected by the National Convention, while are four appointed by the president of the party, and the two general secretaries.

The current National Political Commission is chaired by [[Mauricio Mulder]], former Congressman from [[Lima]] and former party Secretary General. Mulder was first elected at the XXIV National Convention "Armando Villanueva", held at the [[Casa del Pueblo, Lima|party headquarters]] in [[Breña District|Breña]], [[Lima]], from 7 to 9 July 2017, and was reelected by the XXV National Convention "Alan García", held from 25 to 27 October 2019.

====Current leadership====
* Elected by the National Convention: 
** '''Chairman:''' [[Mauricio Mulder]]
** [[Mercedes Cabanillas]]
** Elías Grijalva Alvarado
** José Germán Pimentel Aliaga
** Carmen Najarro Quispe
* Appointed by the presidency: 
** [[Enrique Valderrama]]
** Moisés Tambini del Valle
** Félix Antonio Mauricio Alor
** Juan Segundo Carlos Mejía Seminario
* General Secretaries: 
** [[Belén García Mendoza]]
** [[Benigno Chirinos]]

==Election results==
===Presidential elections===
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
! rowspan="2" |Election
! rowspan="2" |Nominee
! colspan="2" |First round
! colspan="2" |Second round
! rowspan="2" |Result
|-
!'''Votes'''
!'''%'''
!'''Votes'''
!'''%'''
|-
![[1931 Peruvian general election|1931]]
|[[Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre]]
|106,088
|35.38
| colspan="2" |
|'''Lost''' {{N}}
|-
!'''[[1945 Peruvian general election|1945]]'''
|[[José Luis Bustamante y Rivero|José Bustamante y Rivero]] {{small|(as part of [[National Democratic Front (Peru)|National Democratic Front]])}}
|305,590
|66.97
| colspan="2" |
|'''Elected''' {{Y}}
|-
![[1962 Peruvian general election|1962]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre]]
|557,007
|32.97
| colspan="2" |
|'''Annulled''' {{Nay}}
|-
![[1963 Peruvian general election|1963]]
|623,501
|34.36
| colspan="2" |
|'''Lost''' {{N}}
|-
![[1980 Peruvian general election|1980]]
|[[Armando Villanueva]]
|1,087,188
|27.40
| colspan="2" |
|'''Lost''' {{N}}
|-
![[1985 Peruvian general election|1985]]
|[[Alan García]]
|3,452,111
|53.11
| colspan="2" |
|'''Elected''' {{Y}}
|-
![[1990 Peruvian general election|1990]] 
|[[Luis Alva Castro]]
|1,494,231
|22.64
| colspan="2" |
|'''Lost''' {{N}}
|-
![[1995 Peruvian general election|1995]]
|[[Mercedes Cabanillas]]
|297,327
|4.11
| colspan="2" |
|'''Lost''' {{N}}
|-
![[2000 Peruvian general election|2000]] 
|[[Abel Salinas]]
|153,319
|1.38
| colspan="2" |
|'''Lost''' {{N}}
|-
![[2001 Peruvian general election|2001]] 
| rowspan="2" |[[Alan García]]
|2,732,857
|25.78
|4,904,929
|46.92
|'''Lost''' {{N}}
|-
![[2006 Peruvian general election|2006]]
|2,985,858
|24.32
|6,965,017
|52.63
|'''Elected''' {{Y}}
|-
![[2011 Peruvian general election|2011]] 
|[[Mercedes Aráoz]]
|''Nomination withdrawn''
|N/A
| colspan="2" |
|N/A
|-
![[2016 Peruvian general election|2016]] 
|[[Alan García]]<br/>({{Small|as part of [[Popular Alliance (Peru)|Popular Alliance]]}})
|894,278
|5.83
| colspan="2" |
|'''Lost''' {{N}}
|-
![[2021 Peruvian general election|2021]] 
|[[Nidia Vílchez]]
|''Nomination withdrawn''
|N/A
| colspan="2" |
|N/A
|}

===Elections to the Congress of the Republic===
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!Election 
!Leader
!'''Votes'''
!'''%'''
!'''Seats'''
!+/–
!Position
|-
![[1995 Peruvian general election|1995]]
|[[Agustín Mantilla]]
|274,263
|6.4%
|{{Composition bar|8|120|hex={{party color|American Popular Revolutionary Alliance}}}}
|{{steady}}
|Minority 
|-
![[2000 Peruvian general election|2000]]
|[[Jorge del Castillo]]
|546,930
|5.5%
|{{Composition bar|6|120|hex={{party color|American Popular Revolutionary Alliance}}}}
|{{decrease}} 2
|Minority
|-
![[2001 Peruvian general election|2001]] 
| rowspan="4" |[[Alan García]]
|1,857,416
|19.7%
|{{Composition bar|28|120|hex={{party color|American Popular Revolutionary Alliance}}}}
|{{increase}} 22
|Minority
|-
![[2006 Peruvian general election|2006]]
|2,213,562
|20.6%
|{{Composition bar|36|120|hex={{party color|American Popular Revolutionary Alliance}}}}
|{{increase}} 8
|Minority
|-
![[2011 Peruvian general election|2011]]
|825,030
|6.4%
|{{Composition bar|4|130|hex={{party color|American Popular Revolutionary Alliance}}}}
|{{decrease}} 32
|Minority
|-
![[2016 Peruvian general election|2016]] 
|1,013,735
|8.3%
{{Small|as part of [[Popular Alliance (Peru)|Popular Alliance]]}}
|{{Composition bar|5|130|hex={{party color|American Popular Revolutionary Alliance}}}}
|{{increase}} 1
|Minority
|-
![[2020 Peruvian parliamentary election|2020]] 
| rowspan="4" |[[César Trelles]]
|402,330
|2.7%
|{{Composition bar|0|130|hex={{party color|American Popular Revolutionary Alliance}}}}
|{{decrease}} 5
|{{no|Extra-parliamentary}}
|-
![[2021 Peruvian general election|2021]] 
| align=center colspan=2|''Barred from participating''
|{{Composition bar|0|130|hex={{party color|American Popular Revolutionary Alliance}}}}
|{{steady}}
|{{no|Extra-parliamentary}}
|}

===Elections to the Senate===
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!Election 
!Leader
!'''Votes'''
!'''%'''
!'''Seats'''
!+/–
!Position
|-
![[1945 Peruvian general election|1945]]
|[[Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre]]
|
|
{{Small|in coalition with [[National Democratic Front (Peru)|FDN]]}}
|{{Composition bar|35|49|hex={{party color|American Popular Revolutionary Alliance}}}}
|{{increase}} 35
|Majority
|-
![[1962 Peruvian general election|1962]]
|[[Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre]]
|
|
{{Small|in coalition with [[Peruvian Democratic Movement|MDP]]}}
|{{Composition bar|25|55|hex={{party color|American Popular Revolutionary Alliance}}}}
|{{decrease}} 10
|Minority
|-
![[1963 Peruvian general election|1963]]
|[[Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre]]
|
|
|{{Composition bar|18|45|hex={{party color|American Popular Revolutionary Alliance}}}}
|{{increase}} 18
|Minority 
|-
![[1980 Peruvian general election|1980]]
|[[Armando Villanueva]] 
|1,144,203
|27.6%
|{{Composition bar|18|60|hex={{party color|American Popular Revolutionary Alliance}}}}
|{{steady}}
|Minority 
|-
![[1985 Peruvian general election|1985]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Alan García]]
|3,099,975
|51.3%
{{Small|in coalition with [[Christian Democratic Party (Peru)|DC]]-[[Solidarity and Democracy|SODE]]}}
|{{Composition bar|32|60|hex={{party color|American Popular Revolutionary Alliance}}}}
|{{increase}} 14
|Majority 
|-
![[1990 Peruvian general election|1990]]
|1,390,954
|25.1%
|{{Composition bar|16|60|hex={{party color|American Popular Revolutionary Alliance}}}}
|{{decrease}} 16
|Minority
|}

===Elections to the Chamber of Deputies===
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!Election 
!Leader
!'''Votes'''
!'''%'''
!'''Seats'''
!+/–
!Position
|-
![[1945 Peruvian general election|1945]]
|[[Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre]]
|
|
{{Small|in coalition with [[National Democratic Front (Peru)|FDN]]}}
|{{Composition bar|73|186|hex={{party color|American Popular Revolutionary Alliance}}}}
|{{increase}} 73
|Minority
|-
![[1962 Peruvian general election|1962]]
|[[Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre]]
|
|
{{Small|in coalition with [[Peruvian Democratic Movement|MDP]]}}
|{{Composition bar|85|186|hex={{party color|American Popular Revolutionary Alliance}}}}
|{{increase}} 12
|Minority
|-
![[1963 Peruvian general election|1963]]
|[[Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre]]
|
|
|{{Composition bar|56|139|hex={{party color|American Popular Revolutionary Alliance}}}}
|{{decrease}} 29
|Minority
|-
![[1980 Peruvian general election|1980]]
|[[Armando Villanueva]]
|962,801
|26.5%
|{{Composition bar|58|180|hex={{party color|American Popular Revolutionary Alliance}}}}
|{{increase}} 2
|Minority
|-
![[1985 Peruvian general election|1985]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Alan García]]
|2,920,605
|50.1%
{{Small|in coalition with [[Christian Democratic Party (Peru)|DC]]-[[Solidarity and Democracy|SODE]]}}
|{{Composition bar|107|180|hex={{party color|American Popular Revolutionary Alliance}}}}
|{{increase}} 49
|Majority
|-
![[1990 Peruvian general election|1990]]
|1,240,395
|25.0%
|{{Composition bar|53|180|hex={{party color|American Popular Revolutionary Alliance}}}}
|{{decrease}} 54
|Minority
|}

===Elections to the Constituent Congresses and Assemblies===
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!Election 
!Leader
!'''Votes'''
!'''%'''
!'''Seats'''
!+/–
!Position
|-
![[1931 Peruvian general election|1931]]
|[[Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre]]
|
|
|{{Composition bar|27|145|hex={{party color|American Popular Revolutionary Alliance}}}}
|{{increase}} 27
|Minority
|-
![[1978 Peruvian Constituent Assembly election|1978]]
|[[Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre]]
|1,241,174
|35.3%
|{{Composition bar|37|100|hex={{party color|American Popular Revolutionary Alliance}}}}
|{{increase}} 10
|Minority
|-
![[1992 Peruvian Democratic Constituent Congress election|1992]]
|[[Agustín Mantilla]]
| align=center colspan=2|''Boycotted''
|{{Composition bar|0|80|hex={{party color|American Popular Revolutionary Alliance}}}}
|{{decrease}} 37
|{{no|Extra-parliamentary}}
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* John A. Mackay, ''That Other America'' (New York: The Friendship Press, 1935), 102–116.
* Harry Kantor, ''The Ideology and Program of the Peruvian Aprista Movement'' (Berkeley: University of California Press. London: Cambridge University Press, 1953. Reprinted, New York: Octagon Books, Inc., 1966).
* W. Stanley Rycroft, “Intellectual Renaissance in Latin America,” Book Review of The Ideology and Program of the Peruvian Aprista Movement, by Harry Kantor, in ''International Review of Missions'', vol. 43, no. 2 (April 1954), 220–223.

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20040924224451/http://www.apra.org.pe/ APRA's official website] (in Spanish)
*[http://www.la-tribuna.org APRA's official publication] (in Spanish)
*"[http://www.vanguardiaaprista.com/0908cenilegaldeMulder.html El Comité Ejecutivo Nacional del P.A.P. actual de Mulder es ilegal]", ''VanguardiaAprista.com''.
*"[http://lamula.pe/2012/04/25/ojo-por-ojo-cen-del-apra-critica-a-alan-garcia-por-su-doble-discurso/esteban2500 Ojo por ojo: CEN del APRA critica a Alan García por su "doble discurso"]", ''Lamula.pe''.
*"[http://peru.com/2012/04/25/actualidad/politicas/comite-ejecutivo-apra-se-enfrenta-alan-garcia-y-le-responde-noticia-60612 Comité Ejecutivo del APRA se enfrenta a Alan García y le responde]", ''Peru.com''.
*"[https://archive.today/20130119000545/http://www.cheleloyborolas.com/index.php/notas-de-prensa/3661-resolucion-no003-2010-sg-cenpap Partido Aprista Peruano Comité̩ Ejecutivo Nacional Secretaria General]", ''CheleloYBorolas.com''
*"[http://trome.pe/tag/234947/Comité%20Ejecutivo%20Nacional%20del%20Apra APRA]", ''Trome.Pe''

{{Peru topics |collapsed}}
{{PeruParties}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:American Popular Revolutionary Alliance]]
[[Category:1924 establishments]]
[[Category:1930 establishments in Peru]]
[[Category:Formerly banned socialist parties]]
[[Category:Full member parties of the Socialist International]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1924]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1930]]
[[Category:Political parties in Peru]]
[[Category:Social democratic parties in Peru]]
[[Category:Right-wing parties]]