Editing Amberjack

{{Short description|Genus of fishes}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2016}}
{{about|the fish|the baseball team|Monterey Amberjacks|the United States navy submarines|USS Amberjack|the song|Guitars (McCoy Tyner album)}}
{{Paraphyletic group
| auto = yes
| image = Seriola dumerili.jpg
| image_caption = Greater amberjack, ''[[Seriola dumerili]]'' off the coast of [[North Carolina]]
| parent = Seriola
}}

'''Amberjacks''' are [[Atlantic]] and [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] [[fish]] in the genus ''[[Seriola]]'' of the family [[Carangidae]]. They are widely consumed across the world in various cultures, most notably for Pacific amberjacks in Japanese cuisine; they are most often found in the warmer parts of the oceans.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The World Book Encyclopedia|publisher=Field Enterprises Education Corp|year=1968|location=Chicago|pages=Volume 1, page 386}}</ref> There are many variations of amberjack, including [[greater amberjack]] (Atlantic), lesser amberjack (Atlantic), [[Almaco jack]] (Pacific), yellowtail (Pacific), and the banded rudderfish (Atlantic). Though most of the Seriola species are considered "amberjacks", the species ''[[Seriola hippos]]'' (samson fish) is not.

== Atlantic types ==
[[File:Yellowtail amberjack.jpg|thumb|Yellowtail Amberjack]]
=== Greater amberjacks ===
{{main|Greater amberjack}}
Greater amberjacks, ''Seriola dumerili'', are the largest of the jacks.  They usually have dark stripes extending from nose to in front of their [[dorsal fin]]s.  They have no scutes and soft dorsal bases less than twice the length of the anal fin bases.  They are usually 18&nbsp;kg (40 pounds) or less, and are found associated with rocky reefs, debris, and wrecks, typically in 20 to 75 m (10 to 40 [[fathoms]]). Greater amberjacks are also found in the Pacific.

=== Lesser amberjacks ===
[[File:FMIB 42096 Amber jack, caught at Palm Beach, Florida.jpeg|thumb|Amberjack caught at [[Palm Beach, Florida|Palm Beach]], [[Florida]] in 1910]]
Lesser amberjacks, ''[[Seriola fasciata]]'', have proportionately larger eyes and deeper bodies than greater amberjacks.  They are olive green or brownish-black with silver sides, and usually have a dark band extending upward from their eyes.  Juveniles have split or wavy bars on their sides. The adults are usually under 5&nbsp;kg (10&nbsp;lbs).  They are found deeper than other jacks, commonly 50 to 130 m (30 to 70 fathoms).

Amberjacks are voracious predators, which feed on [[squid]], fish, and [[crustacean]]s, and are thought to spawn offshore throughout most of the year.

Juveniles can be caught in about {{convert|25|ft|m}} of water, near floating objects.

=== Banded rudderfish ===
Banded rudderfish, ''[[Seriola zonata]]'', is the second-smallest amberjack. This jack can be distinguished from the [[pilot fish]] by the presence of a first dorsal fin. Juveniles are banded vertically like pilotfish, and follow large objects or animals. Large individuals (over 10&nbsp;inches) have no bands. This fish, though commonly caught, is rarely identified. Large ones, with a raccoon-stripe on the eye and an iridescent gold stripe on the side, are usually called amberjacks when caught, and juveniles are called pilotfish. They are found as far north as [[Nova Scotia]]. They are less dependent on [[sharks]], etc., than pilotfish. They can be caught on shrimp, silversides, lures (e.g. spoons), and flies.

=== Others ===
[[File:Bangeo-hoe in Daegu, South Korea.jpg|thumb|[[Japanese amberjack]] served as a raw dish (''[[Hoe (food)|hoe]]'') in [[Daegu]], [[South Korea]]]]
Other species exist in other parts of the world, such as: [[yellowtail amberjack]] (including the Asian yellowtail, the California yellowtail, and [[yellowtail kingfish]] or southern yellowtail), [[Almaco jack]], and [[Japanese amberjack]] (five-ray yellowtail).

== Biology ==
Amberjacks are [[predators]]. They primarily feed on [[pelagic]] and [[benthic]] fish, though their prey also includes [[squid]], crustaceans, [[sardines]] and [[bigeye scad]]. Younger juvenile jacks tend to feed on [[plankton]] and small invertebrates.

Greater Amberjacks mature at around 4 years old, and [[Animal migration|migrate]] in late spring to early summer (March to June) to reproduce. They migrate to deeper water to spawn, producing their young near shipwrecks or large objects as a safe haven.

Females are much larger than males, and have a longer life expectancy. The maximum [[Maximum life span|lifespan]] for females is 17 years, whilst the average is 10 due to popular demand for them in [[big game fishing]] and as a high-quality food fish.

Amberjacks are not at top of the [[food chain]] in their habitat, and therefore are prone to being prey for [[yellowfin tuna]], [[Shark|sharks]] and other larger fish.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Carangidae]]
[[Category:Fish common names]]
[[Category:Fish of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Fish of Hawaii]]