Editing Allegany County, New York

{{Short description|County in New York, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox U.S. county
 | county               = Allegany County
 | type                 = [[List of counties in New York|County]]
 | state                = New York
 | ex image             = AlleganyCountyCourthouse.jpg
 | ex image size        = 300px
 | ex image cap         = Allegany County Courthouse
 | seal                 = Seal of Allegany County, New York.jpg
 | founded              = 1806
 | seat                 = [[Belmont, New York|Belmont]]
 | largest city         = [[Wellsville (town), New York|Wellsville]]
 | city type            = town
 | area_total_sq_mi     = 1034
 | area_land_sq_mi      = 1029
 | area_water_sq_mi     = 5.1
 | area percentage      = 0.5
 | census yr            = 2020
 | pop                  = 46456 {{decrease}}
 | density_sq_mi        = 45.1
 | web                  = https://www.alleganyco.gov/
 | district             = 23rd
 | time zone            = Eastern
 | named for            = [[Lenape]] name for the Allegheny River
 | leader_title         = County Chairman 
 | leader_name          = Philip Stockin
 | flag                 = Flag of Allegany County, New York.svg
}}

'''Allegany County''' is a [[County (United States)|county]] in the [[U.S. state]] of [[New York (state)|New York]]. As of the [[United States Census 2020|2020 census]], the population was 46,456.<ref name="QF">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Allegany County, New York|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/alleganycountynewyork/PST045221|access-date=January 3, 2022|publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Population%20Total&g=0400000US36%240500000&d=DEC%20Redistricting%20Data%20%28PL%2094-171%29|access-date=January 2, 2022|title=US Census 2020 Population Dataset Tables for New York|publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> Its [[county seat]] is [[Belmont, New York|Belmont]].<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|access-date=June 7, 2011|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|archive-date=May 31, 2011}}</ref> Its name derives from a [[Lenape]] word, applied by European-American settlers of Western New York State to a [[trail]] that followed the [[Allegheny River]]; they also named the county after this. The county is part of the [[Western New York]] region of the state.

The county is bisected by the [[Genesee River]], flowing north to its mouth on [[Lake Ontario]]. During the mid-nineteenth century, the [[Genesee Valley Canal]] was built to link southern markets to the [[Great Lakes]] and [[Mohawk River]]. The county was also served by railroads, which soon superseded the canals in their capacity for carrying freight. Part of the [[Oil Springs Reservation]], controlled by the [[Seneca Nation]], is located in the county.

==History==
For centuries, Allegany County was the territory of the [[Seneca people]], at the westernmost nation of the Five Nations of the ''[[Haudenosaunee]]'', a confederacy of [[Iroquoian languages]]-speaking peoples. [[European-American]] permanent settlement did not take place until after the [[American Revolutionary War]] and the forced cession by the Seneca of most of their lands in western New York. New York State sold off the lands cheaply to attract new European-American settlers and agricultural development.

Allegany County was created by the state legislature on April 7, 1806, when [[Genesee County, New York]], was partitioned to set aside some  {{convert|1570|sqmi|km2|sigfig=1}} to the new county. The first County Seat was established at [[Angelica, New York]], where it remained for half a century. It was later moved to [[Belmont, New York|Belmont]], a village located along the [[Genesee River]].<ref>New York. ''Laws of New York; 1806; 29th Session; Chapter 162; Section 1; Page 605.''</ref> On March 11, 1808, the borders were adjusted so that {{convert|230|sqmi|km2|sigfig=2}} of [[Steuben County, New York|Steuben County]] passed to Allegany County,<ref>New York. ''Laws of New York; 1808; 31st Session, Chapter 38; Page 263.''</ref> and {{convert|600|mi|km|sigfig=1}} of Allegany County passed to Genesee County.<ref>New York. ''Laws of New York; 1808; 31st Session; Chapter 40; Sections 1—2; Page 266.''</ref> This established the current border between Genesee and Steuben counties, and reduced the size of Allegany County to {{convert|1200|sqmi|km2|sigfig=2}}. On June 12, 1812, the legislature authorized the attachment of [[Cattaraugus County, New York]], to Allegany County for administration reasons, but for practical reasons this action did not take place at that time.<ref>New York. ''Laws of New York; 1812; 35th Session; Chapter 38; Page 263 .''</ref> However, on April 13, 1814, the eastern half of Cattaraugus County was so attached and administered from Belmont.<ref>New York. ''Laws of New York; 1814; 37th Session; Chapter 123; Page 146.''</ref> This attachment was ended on March 28, 1817.<ref>New York. ''Laws of New York; 1816; 40th Session; Chapter 115; Section 1; Page 107.''</ref> With continued settlement through the mid-nineteenth century, the legislature periodically adjusted county borders as new counties were organized in western New York. On April 1, 1846, Allegany County lost {{convert|120|sqmi|km2|sigfig=2}} to [[Wyoming County, New York|Wyoming County]], reducing the size of Allegany County to {{convert|1140|sqmi|km2|sigfig=2}}, and establishing the current border between Allegany and Wyoming counties.<ref>New York. ''Laws of New York; 1846; 69th Session; Chapter 51; Page 53.''</ref> On May 11, 1846, Allegany County lost {{convert|50|sqmi|km2|sigfig=1}} to [[Livingston County, New York|Livingston County]], reducing the total to {{convert|1090|sqmi|km2|sigfig=2}}, and establishing the western portion of the current border with Livingston County.<ref>New York. ''Laws of New York; 1846; 69th Session; Chapter 197; Section 1; Page 235.''</ref> On March 23, 1857, Allegany County lost another {{convert|40|sqmi|km2|sigfig=2}} to Livingston County, passing the [[Ossian, New York]], area to Livingston County, and establishing the current border between them.<ref>New York. ''Laws of New York; 1857; 80th Session; Chapter 166; Page 366.''</ref>

==Geography==
According to the [[U.S. Census Bureau]], the county has a total area of {{convert|1034|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|1029|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|5.1|sqmi}} (0.5%) is water.<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/docs/gazetteer/counties_list_36.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 3, 2015 |date=August 22, 2012 |title=2010 Census Gazetteer Files |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519062322/http://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/docs/gazetteer/counties_list_36.txt |archive-date=May 19, 2014}}</ref>

Allegany County is in the southwestern part of New York State, along the [[Pennsylvania]] border. Allegany County does not lie along the [[Allegheny River]], as its name would suggest. The highest point in the county is [[Alma Hill]], with an elevation of {{convert|2,548|ft|m|abbr=off|sp=us}} above sea level. This is the highest point in the state west of the Catskill Mountains. The highest point of Interstate 86 is located in the town of West Almond with an elevation of 2,110 feet. This is also believed to be the highest point of any interstate in the New York. The county is unique from a watershed perspective as it is providing water to three major watersheds of North America: The eastern part near Alfred has Canacadea Creek that goes into the Canisteo River, Susquehanna River and eventually to Chesapeake Bay.

The [[Genesee River]] bisects the county from south to north, flowing north out of the County through Letchworth State Park with its three waterfalls on to Rochester over three more waterfalls to its mouth on Lake Ontario and then on to the St. Lawrence River and Atlantic Ocean. The southwestern part of the County flows into the Allegheny River that flows into the Ohio and then to the Mississippi River basin to the Gulf of Mexico.

In June 1972 the remnants of [[Hurricane Agnes]] stalled over the area, dropping more than {{convert|20|in|mm}} of rain. Flooding took place in the valley communities of Wellsville, Belmont, Belfast, and others in the county.

Long a necessary transportation waterway for the Seneca and other Native Americans, and successive European-American settlers, since the late 20th century, the Genesee River has been extremely popular with canoeists. The river is also favored by fishermen as it abounds in [[smallmouth bass]], [[trout]] and [[panfish]].

===Adjacent counties===
* [[Livingston County, New York|Livingston County]] – northeast
* [[Steuben County, New York|Steuben County]] – east
* [[Potter County, Pennsylvania|Potter County]], [[Pennsylvania]] – southeast
* [[McKean County, Pennsylvania|McKean County]], [[Pennsylvania]] – southwest
* [[Cattaraugus County, New York|Cattaraugus County]] – west
* [[Wyoming County, New York|Wyoming County]] – northwest

===Major highways===
* [[File:I-86.svg|20px]] [[Interstate 86 (east)|Interstate 86]] (Southern Tier Expressway)
* [[File:NY-17.svg|20px]] [[New York State Route 17]] (Southern Tier Expressway)
* [[File:NY-19.svg|20px]] [[New York State Route 19]]
* [[File:NY-21.svg|20px]] [[New York State Route 21]]
* [[File:NY-305.svg|25px]] [[New York State Route 305]]
* [[File:NY-417.svg|25px]] [[New York State Route 417]]

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1810= 1942
|1820= 9330
|1830= 26276
|1840= 40975
|1850= 37808
|1860= 41881
|1870= 40814
|1880= 41810
|1890= 43240
|1900= 41501
|1910= 41412
|1920= 36842
|1930= 38025
|1940= 39681
|1950= 43395
|1960= 43978
|1970= 46782
|1980= 51742
|1990= 50470
|2000= 49927
|2010= 48923
|2020= 46456
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html |title=U.S. Decennial Census |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 3, 2015 }}</ref><br />1790-1960<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|access-date=January 3, 2015}}</ref> 1900-1990<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/ny190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 3, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/pc-02/pc-2-47.pdf|title=1950 Census: Population of New York by Counties: April 1, 1950|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 17, 2021}}</ref><br />1990-2000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 3, 2015}}</ref> 2010-2020<ref name="QF"/>}}

As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR8">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=May 14, 2011 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref> of 2020, there were 46,456 people. Based on earlier (2000) censuses, there were 18,009 households, and 12,192 families residing in the county. The [[population density]] was {{convert|48|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|people&nbsp;|people}}. There were 24,505 housing units at an average density of {{convert|24|/mi2|/km2}}. The racial makeup of the county was 97.03% [[Race (United States Census)|White]], 0.72% [[Race (United States Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 0.28% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], 0.72% [[Race (United States Census)|Asian]], 0.37% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.88% from two or more races. 0.91% of the population were [[Hispanics in the United States|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] of any race. 22.3% identified as being of [[Germans|German]], 16.6% [[English people|English]], 13.8% [[Irish people|Irish]], 11.9% [[United States|American]] and 7.0% [[Italian people|Italian]] ancestry according to [[Census 2000]]. 96.5% spoke [[English language|English]] and 1.3% [[Spanish language|Spanish]] as their first language.

There were 18,009 households, out of which 31.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.20% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 9.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.30% were non-families. 26.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.40% under the age of 18, 15.50% from 18 to 24, 23.90% from 25 to 44, 22.20% from 45 to 64, and 14.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 99.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.10 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $32,106, and the median income for a family was $38,580. Males had a median income of $30,401 versus $21,466 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the county was $14,975. About 10.50% of families and 15.50% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 19.20% of those under age 18 and 7.50% of those age 65 or over.

=== 2020 census ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+Allegany county racial composition<ref>{{Cite web|title =P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Allegany County, New York|url= https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Allegany%20County,%20New%20York&t=Race%20and%20Ethnicity&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2}}</ref>
!Race
!Num.
!Perc.
|-
|[[White (U.S. Census)|White]] (NH)
|42,327
|91.1%
|-
|[[African American (U.S. Census)|Black or African American]] (NH)
|809
|1.74%
|-
|[[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]] (NH)
|91
|0.2%
|-
|[[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]] (NH)
|373
|0.8%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]] (NH)
|6
|0.01%
|-
|[[Race (United States Census)|Other/Mixed]] (NH)
|1,885
|4.1%
|-
|[[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]]
|965
|2.1%
|}

==Government and politics==
{{PresHead|place=Allegany County, New York|source=<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|last=Leip|first=David|website=uselectionatlas.org|access-date=October 22, 2018}}</ref>}}
<!-- PresRow should be {{PresRow|Year|Winning party|GOP vote #|Dem vote #|3rd party vote #|State}} -->
{{PresRow|2024|Republican|13,826|5,483|220|New York}}
{{PresRow|2020|Republican|14,135|6,048|599|New York}}
{{PresRow|2016|Republican|12,525|4,882|1,285|New York}}
{{PresRow|2012|Republican|10,390|6,139|424|New York}}
{{PresRow|2008|Republican|11,013|7,016|377|New York}}
{{PresRow|2004|Republican|12,310|6,566|394|New York}}
{{PresRow|2000|Republican|11,436|6,336|918|New York}}
{{PresRow|1996|Republican|8,107|6,621|2,975|New York}}
{{PresRow|1992|Republican|8,976|4,848|4,895|New York}}
{{PresRow|1988|Republican|11,880|5,614|132|New York}}
{{PresRow|1984|Republican|14,527|4,720|57|New York}}
{{PresRow|1980|Republican|10,423|5,879|1,338|New York}}
{{PresRow|1976|Republican|11,769|6,134|107|New York}}
{{PresRow|1972|Republican|13,426|4,812|46|New York}}
{{PresRow|1968|Republican|11,222|4,986|937|New York}}
{{PresRow|1964|Democratic|7,688|10,329|22|New York}}
{{PresRow|1960|Republican|14,408|5,280|7|New York}}
{{PresRow|1956|Republican|16,068|3,668|0|New York}}
{{PresRow|1952|Republican|16,365|3,943|10|New York}}
{{PresRow|1948|Republican|12,689|4,711|239|New York}}
{{PresRow|1944|Republican|13,454|4,786|39|New York}}
{{PresRow|1940|Republican|15,611|5,077|79|New York}}
{{PresRow|1936|Republican|13,829|5,288|391|New York}}
{{PresRow|1932|Republican|12,348|4,961|468|New York}}
{{PresRow|1928|Republican|15,306|3,491|602|New York}}
{{PresRow|1924|Republican|12,203|2,755|1,238|New York}}
{{PresRow|1920|Republican|10,898|2,799|1,000|New York}}
{{PresRow|1916|Republican|6,308|3,191|582|New York}}
{{PresRow|1912|Republican|3,668|2,777|3,419|New York}}
{{PresRow|1908|Republican|7,504|3,390|715|New York}}
{{PresRow|1904|Republican|7,835|2,718|812|New York}}
{{PresRow|1900|Republican|7,200|3,621|782|New York}}
{{PresRow|1896|Republican|7,079|3,895|534|New York}}
{{PresRow|1892|Republican|5,678|3,128|2,083|New York}}
{{PresRow|1888|Republican|7,067|3,625|1,415|New York}}
{{PresRow|1884|Republican|6,668|3,886|1,916|New York}}
|}

Allegany County is part of [[New York's 23rd congressional district]]. In the [[New York State Senate]], it is part of the 57th district and is represented by Republican George M. Borrello,<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=2025-04-03 |title=Our District |url=https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/george-m-borrello/district |website=New York State Senate |location=Albany NY |publisher=New York State |access-date=2025-04-04}}</ref> and the 58th district is represented by Thomas F. O'Mara.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=2025-04-03 |title=Our District |url=https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/thomas-f-omara/district |website=New York State Senate |location=Albany NY |publisher=New York State |access-date=2025-04-04}}</ref> In the [[New York State Assembly]], the county is in the 148th Assembly District represented by Republican Joseph Sempolinski.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=2025-04-03 |title=Joe Sempolinksi Assembly District 148 |url=https://nyassembly.gov/mem/?ad=148&sh=map |website=New York State Assembly |location=Albany NY |publisher=New York State |access-date=2025-04-04}}</ref>

Allegany County is divided into five districts, delineated by town borders.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=2025-04-03 |title=County Districts |url=https://www.alleganyco.gov/government/legislators/county-districts/ |website=Allegany County, NY |location=Belmont NY |publisher=Allegany County, NY |access-date=2025-04-04}}</ref>  The Allegany County Board of Legislators consists of 15 members, three from each of the five legislative districts:
  
District 1: Angelica, Belfast, Caneadea, Centerville, Granger, Hume, Rushford, and the village of Angelica.

District 2: Amity, Clarksville, Cuba, Friendship, New Hudson, Ward, and the villages of Belmont and Cuba.

District 3: Alma, Bolivar, Genesee, Independence, Scio, Willing, Wirt, and the villages of Bolivar and Richburg.

District 4: Andover, Wellsville, and the villages of Andover and Wellsville.

District 5: Alfred, Allen, Almond, Birdsall, Burns, Grove, West Almond, and the villages of Alfred, Almond, and Canaseraga.

The current chairperson of the legislature is W. Brooke Harris. The County Administrator is Carissa M. Knapp. <ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=2025-04-03 |title=Legislators |url=https://www.alleganyco.gov/government/legislators/ |website=Allegany County, NY |location=Belmont NY |publisher=Allegany County, NY |access-date=2025-04-04}}</ref>

Allegany County is considered to be a strongly Republican county. In 2004, it voted for [[George W. Bush]] over [[John Kerry]] 63% to 34%, and in 2008 it voted for [[John McCain]] over [[Barack Obama]] 59% to 39%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2008/results/county/#NYP00p1|title=County Results - Election Center 2008 - Elections & Politics from CNN.com|website=www.cnn.com}}</ref> It has been reported that in the last 170 years, the only Democratic candidates to win were [[Franklin Pierce]] in 1852<ref>{{cite web|url=http://geoelections.free.fr/USA/elec_comtes/1852.htm|title=Presidential election of 1852 - Map by counties|website=geoelections.free.fr}}</ref> and [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] in 1964.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://geoelections.free.fr/USA/elec_comtes/1964.htm|title=Presidential election of 1964 - Map by counties|website=geoelections.free.fr}}</ref> 
Even in 1964, when Republican nominee [[Barry Goldwater]] lost the county by 14 points, he still managed to carry the towns of Centerville, Caneadea, Granger, Hume, and Rushford.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/59463965/allegany-county-ny-presidential/ | title=Allegany County, NY presidential election results, 1964 | newspaper=Wellsville Daily Reporter | date=November 4, 1964 | page=4 }}</ref> In 2006, neither Democrat [[Eliot Spitzer]] nor [[Hillary Clinton]] carried it in their otherwise landslide elections for governor and US senator, respectively. Eliot Spitzer lost 48.98% to [[John Faso]]'s 49.03%. Hillary Clinton lost the county by 3 points. In 2010, [[Andrew Cuomo]] lost by a wide margin while Senator [[Chuck Schumer]] carried it by a narrow margin of 49.46% to Jay Townsend's 48.86% a margin of 78 votes. It was one of only two counties that Senator [[Kirsten Gillibrand]] lost to [[Wendy Long]] in [[United States Senate election in New York, 2012|2012]]. In the 2016, 2020, and 2024 presidential elections, Republican [[Donald Trump]] received over two-thirds, the first for a Republican since 1988.


{| class=wikitable
! colspan = 6 | Voter registration as of April 1, 2016<ref>{{cite web|title=NYSVoter Enrollment by County, Party Affiliation and Status |date=April 2016 |url=http://www.elections.ny.gov/NYSBOE/enrollment/county/county_apr16.pdf |publisher=New York State Board of Elections |access-date=July 30, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730140838/http://www.elections.ny.gov/NYSBOE/enrollment/county/county_apr16.pdf |archive-date=July 30, 2016 }}</ref>
|-
! colspan = 2 | Party
! Active voters
! Inactive voters
! Total voters
! Percentage
|-
| {{party color cell|Democratic Party (United States)}}
| [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 5,869
| style="text-align:center;"| 401
| style="text-align:center;"| 6,270
| style="text-align:center;"| 24.14%
|-
| {{party color cell|Republican Party (United States)}}
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| style="text-align:center;"| 12,217
| style="text-align:center;"| 537
| style="text-align:center;"| 12,754
| style="text-align:center;"| 49.10%
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent Party (United States)}}
| Unaffiliated
| style="text-align:center;"| 4,509
| style="text-align:center;"| 386
| style="text-align:center;"| 4,895
| style="text-align:center;"| 18.85%
|-
| {{party color cell|Libertarian Party (United States)}}
| Other{{refn|group=nb|Included are voters affiliated with the [[Conservative Party of New York State|Conservative Party]], [[Green Party of New York|Green Party]], [[Working Families Party]], [[Independence Party of New York|Independence Party]], [[Women's Equality Party (New York)|Women's Equality Party]], [[Reform Party of New York State|Reform Party]], and other small parties.}}
| style="text-align:center;"| 1,908
| style="text-align:center;"| 148
| style="text-align:center;"| 2,056
| style="text-align:center;"| 7.92%
|-
! colspan = 2 | Total
! style="text-align:center;"| 24,503
! style="text-align:center;"| 1,472
! style="text-align:center;"| 25,975
! style="text-align:center;"| 100%
|}

 
==Education==

===Primary Education===
The county has twelve school districts with their buildings in the county and parts of an additional seven districts located outside the county. Districts include: Alfred-Almond Central and Canaseraga Central that are part of the [http://www.gstboces.org/ Greater Southern Tier BOCES] with a facility in Hornell. Districts in association with the [https://www.caboces.org/ Cattaraugus-Allegany BOCES] include: Andover Central, Whitesville Central, Wellsville Central, Bolivar-Richburg Central, Scio Central, Genesee Valley Central, Belfast Central, Fillmore Central, Friendship Central, and Cuba-Rushford Central. Districts with their buildings outside the County include Arkport, Hinsdale, Portville, Yorkshire-Pioneer, Letchworth, Canisteo-Greenwood, and Keshequa. There are two private schools: Immaculate Conception in Wellsville and Houghton Academy in Houghton. There are also two Montessori Schools which are located in Wellsville<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=2025-04-22|title=Profile |url=https://hs.ocfs.ny.gov/dcfs/Profile/Index/220200 |location=Albany, NY |publisher=NY State Office of Children and Family Services |access-date=2025-04-22}}</ref> and Alfred<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=2025-04-22|title=Education/Schools |url=https://www.alfredny.org/alfred-montessori-school |location=Alfred, NY |publisher=Village of Alfred |access-date=2025-04-22}}</ref>

===Secondary Education===
* [[Alfred University]]
* [[Houghton University]]
* The [[New York State College of Ceramics]] (a member of [[State University of New York|SUNY]])
* [[Alfred State College]], with a main campus in Alfred, NY and the [[Alfred State College#Schools and departments|School of Applied Technology]] located at the Wellsville campus.

==Communities==
Allegany County comprises 29 towns and 10 villages.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!#
!Name
!Population
!Type
!County Legislative District
|-
|1
|[[Wellsville (village), New York|Wellsville]]
|4679
|Village
|4
|-
|2
|[[Alfred (village), New York|Alfred]]
|4174
|Village
|5
|-
|3
|[[Houghton, New York|Houghton]]
|1693
|CDP
|1
|-
|4
|[[Cuba (village), New York|Cuba]]
|1575
|Village
|2
|-
|5
|[[Friendship (CDP), New York|Friendship]]
|1218
|CDP
|2
|-
|6
|[[Bolivar, New York|Bolivar]]
|1047
|Village
|3
|-
|7
|[[Andover (village), New York|Andover]]
|1042
|Village
|4
|-
|8
|[[Belmont, New York|Belmont†]]
|969
|Village
|2
|-
|9
|[[Angelica (village), New York|Angelica]]
|869
|Village
|1
|-
|10
|[[Belfast (CDP), New York|Belfast]]
|837
|CDP
|1
|-
|11
|[[Stannards, New York|Stannards]]
|798
|CDP
|3
|-
|12
|[[Scio (CDP), New York|Scio]]
|609
|CDP
|3
|-
|13
|[[Fillmore, New York|Fillmore]]
|603
|Hamlet/CDP
|1
|-
|14
|[[Canaseraga, New York|Canaseraga]]
|550
|Village
|5
|-
|15
|[[Almond (village), New York|Almond‡]]
|466
|Village
|5
|-
|16
|[[Richburg, New York|Richburg]]
|450
|Village
|3
|-
|17
|[[Rushford (CDP), New York|Rushford]]
|363
|CDP
|1
|}
† - County seat

‡ - Not wholly in this county

===Towns===
{{Div col|colwidth=12em}}
* [[Alfred, New York|Alfred]]
* [[Allen, New York|Allen]]
* [[Alma, New York|Alma]]
* [[Almond, New York|Almond]]
* [[Amity, New York|Amity]]
* [[Andover, New York|Andover]]
* [[Angelica, New York|Angelica]]
* [[Belfast, New York|Belfast]]
* [[Birdsall, New York|Birdsall]]
* [[Bolivar, New York|Bolivar]]
* [[Burns, New York|Burns]]
* [[Caneadea, New York|Caneadea]]
* [[Centerville, New York|Centerville]]
* [[Clarksville, Allegany County, New York|Clarksville]]
* [[Cuba, New York|Cuba]]
* [[Friendship, New York|Friendship]]
* [[Genesee, New York|Genesee]]
* [[Granger, New York|Granger]]
* [[Grove, New York|Grove]]
* [[Hume, New York|Hume]]
* [[Independence, New York|Independence]]
* [[New Hudson, New York|New Hudson]]
* [[Rushford, New York|Rushford]]
* [[Scio, New York|Scio]]
* [[Ward, New York|Ward]]
* [[Wellsville, New York|Wellsville]]
* [[West Almond, New York|West Almond]]
* [[Willing, New York|Willing]]
* [[Wirt, New York|Wirt]]
{{div col end}}

===Villages===
* Alfred
* Almond
* Andover
* Angelica
* Belmont
* Bolivar
* [[Canaseraga, New York|Canaseraga]]
* Cuba
* Richburg
* Wellsville

===Census Designated Places (CDP)===
* Belfast
* Fillmore
* Friendship
* Houghton
* Rushford
* Scio
* [[Stannards, New York|Stannards]]

===Hamlets===
In New York, the term [[Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)#Hamlet|hamlet]], while not defined in law, is used to describe an unincorporated community and geographic location within a town. The town in which each hamlet is located is in parentheses.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=2025-04-03|title=NYS Place Points |url=https://data.gis.ny.gov/datasets/ffcdc0d1a4474d34be48e24376510216_0/explore |website=NYS GIS Data, Apps, and Maps |location=data.gis.ny.gov |publisher=New York State |access-date=2025-04-05}}</ref>

{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
* Alfred Station  (Alfred)
* Tinkertown  (Alfred)
* Tip Top  (Alfred)
* Allen Center  (Allen)
* Aristotle  (Allen)
* West Allen  (Allen)
* Allentown  (Alma)
* Alma  (Alma)
* Petrolia  (Alma)
* Pikeville  (Alma)
* Bishopville  (Almond)
* Karrdale  (Almond)
* North Almond  (Almond)
* Belvidere  (Amity)
* Withey  (Amity)
* Elm Valley  (Andover)
* Rockville  (Belfast)
* Hiltonville  (Birdsall)
* Scholes  (Birdsall)
* Bowler  (Bolivar)
* Hoben  (Bolivar)
* Kossuth  (Bolivar)
* Little Genesee  (Bolivar)
* Sawyer  (Bolivar)
* South Bolivar  (Bolivar)
* Vosburg  (Bolivar)
* Garwoods  (Burns)
* Gas Spring  (Burns)
* Houghton  (Caneadea)
* Oramel  (Caneadea)
* Centerville  (Centerville)
* Fairview  (Centerville)
* Higgins  (Centerville)
* Germantown  (Clarksville)
* Obi  (Clarksville)
* West Clarksville  (Clarksville)
* North Cuba  (Cuba)
* South Cuba  (Cuba)
* Hardy Corners  (Farmersville)
* Higgins  (Friendship)
* Nile  (Friendship)
* Ceres  (Genesee)
* Sanford  (Genesee)
* Short Tract  (Granger)
* Swain  (Grove)
* Fillmore  (Hume)
* Mills Mills  (Hume)
* Rossburg  (Hume)
* Wiscoy  (Hume)
* Fulmer Valley  (Independence)
* Spring Mills  (Independence)
* Whitesville  (Independence)
* Bellville  (New Hudson)
* Black Creek  (New Hudson)
* Lyons Corners  (New Hudson)
* Marshall  (New Hudson)
* Rawson  (New Hudson)
* Balcom Beach  (Rushford)
* Hillcrest  (Rushford)
* McGrawville  (Rushford)
* Rushford  (Rushford)
* Knight Creek  (Scio)
* Norton Summit  (Scio)
* Scio  (Scio)
* Phillips Creek  (Ward)
* Stannards  (Wellsville)
* Bennetts  (West Almond)
* Hallsport  (Willing)
* Mapes  (Willing)
* Paynesville  (Willing)
* Shongo  (Willing)
* Inavale  (Wirt)
* West Notch  (Wirt)
{{div col end}}

=== Indian reservations ===
* [[Oil Springs Reservation]] (part)

The Oil Springs Reservation is an Indian reservation of the Seneca Nation shared with Cattaraugus County having a total area of only {{convert|1|sqmi|km2|spell=in}}. This is the site of the famed spring described by the Franciscan Missionary Joseph DeLa Roch D'Allion in 1627, the first recorded mention of oil on the North American Continent. In 1927, the New York State Oil Producers Association sponsored the dedication of a monument at the site describing the history of the oil industry in North America. There is a small park with parking and a footbridge to the monument. The remainder of the reservation is mostly utilized for cottages on [[Cuba Lake]], Seneca-run gas stations, and woodlands.

==See also==
{{Portal|New York (state)}}
* [[List of counties in New York]]
* [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Allegany County, New York]]
* [[Allegany (town), New York]]
* [[Allegany (village), New York]]
* [[Alleghany County (disambiguation)]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group="nb"}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite Q|Q114149636|p=553-61|chapter=Chapter III. Allegany County.
 |editor=Sullivan, James
 |editor2=Williams, Melvin E.
 |editor3=Conklin, Edwin P.
 |editor4=Fitzpatrick, Benedict
}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Allegany County (New York)}}
* [http://www.alfred.edu Alfred University]
*[https://www.alfredstate.edu/ Alfred State College] 
* [http://www.houghton.edu Houghton College]
*[https://wnywilds.com/ Allegany County Tourism Information]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20031206210612/http://www.alleganydatareserve.org/  Allegany County Data and Information Resource]
* [http://www.rootsweb.com/~nyallega/history.html Links to historical information about Allegany County]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060517023955/http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ny/state/his/bk5/ch3.html Historical summary of Allegany County and its subdivisions]

{{Geographic Location
|Centre    = Allegany County, New York
|North     =
|Northeast = [[Livingston County, New York|Livingston County]]
|East      = [[Steuben County, New York|Steuben County]]
|Southeast = [[Potter County, Pennsylvania]]
|South     =
|Southwest = [[McKean County, Pennsylvania]]
|West      = [[Cattaraugus County, New York|Cattaraugus County]]
|Northwest = [[Wyoming County, New York|Wyoming County]]
}}
{{Allegany County, New York}}
{{New York}}
{{Authority control}}
{{coord|42.25|-78.02|display=title|type:adm2nd_region:US-NY_source:UScensus1990}}

[[Category:Allegany County, New York| ]]
[[Category:Western New York]]
[[Category:1806 establishments in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1806]]
[[Category:New York (state) placenames of Native American origin]]