Editing Alectryon (mythology)

{{Short description|Youth transformed into a rooster in Greek mythology}}
{{Other uses|Alectryon (Greek myth)}}
[[File:Pittore del louvre, dinos prodotta a cerveteri da arigiani ionici, con uomini, sfingi e galli, 530-520 ac ca., dalla tomba I alla banditaccia 03.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Two roosters on an ancient Greek [[black-figure]] vase from [[Villa Giulia]].]]

'''Alectryon''' (from [[Ancient Greek]]: {{lang|grc|ἀλεκτρυών}}, ''Alektruṓn'' {{IPA|el|alektryɔ̌ːn|pron}}, literally meaning "[[rooster]]") in [[Greek mythology]], was a young soldier who was assigned by [[Ares]], the god of war, to guard the outside of his bedroom door while the god took part in a love affair with the love goddess [[Aphrodite]]. Alectryon however failed at his job when he fell asleep, allowing [[Helios]], the [[Solar deity|god of the Sun]], to see the two lovers and alert [[Hephaestus]], the husband of Aphrodite, who then caught the two lovers in the act. Enraged with Alectryon's incompetence, Ares changed him into a rooster in anger. In his effort to reconcile, Alectryon never skipped on alarming people of Helios's arrival thereafter.

The story is an [[Etiology|aetiological]] myth that attempts to explain both the origin of the roosters and the reason why they crow each morning at dawn, warning of the [[Sun]] approaching. The myth is not mentioned by [[Homer]], who first related the story of Ares and Aphrodite's infidelity in his ''[[Odyssey]]'', but rather it was interpolated later by various authors.

== Mythology ==
{{rquote|right|And in memory of why he suffered this, before the Sun god yokes his chariot he drives away men's sleep through song.|[[Libanius]], ''[[Progymnasmata]]'' 2.26<ref name=":lib"/>}}

According to [[Lucian]], Alectryon was said to have been 'an adolescent boy, beloved of Ares, who kept the god company at drinking parties, overindulged with him, and was his companion in lovemaking'. [[Ares]], fearing that his affair with [[Aphrodite]] would be found out and then he would be told on by Helios, the sun god, especially because of his suspicions that he would tell [[Hephaestus]], the god of forgery and the husband of Aphrodite, commanded Alectryon to stand outside his door and watch for [[Helios]], the god of the sun who saw everything, or anyone else, to bear witness to his affair.<ref>[[Lucian]], ''Gallus'' [http://lucianofsamosata.info/wiki/doku.php?id=home:texts_and_library:dialogues:the-rooster#section3 3]</ref><ref>[[Scholia]]st on [[Aristophanes]]' ''[[Birds (play)|Aves]]'' [https://archive.org/details/scholiaonavesar01whitgoog/page/n272/mode/2up?view=theater 835]</ref><ref>[[Eustathius of Thessalonica|Eustathius]] ad [[Homer]], [[Odyssey|Odysseam]] 1.300</ref>

So Alectryon stood guard outside of his room as the two made love. But one day he fell asleep during watch duty and Helios discovered them the next morning. The sun-god then informed Hephaestus, to the choices of the two, who then created a net to ensnare and then shame them. Furious, Ares punished Alectryon by transforming him into a [[rooster]] which never forgets to announce the rising of the sun in the morning by its crowing, his own way of apologizing to Ares for falling asleep on the job, but this failed to make amends.<ref>[[Ausonius]], [https://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/decimus-magnus-ausonius/ausonius-osu/page-22-ausonius-osu.shtml 26.2.27]</ref><ref name=":lib">[[Libanius]], ''[[Progymnasmata]]'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=kRi-If9IAOYC&pg=PA31&hl=el&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=4 2.26]</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Gallagher|first=David|url=https://brill.com/view/book/9789042027091/B9789042027091-s006.xml|title=Avian and Serpentine|date=2009-01-01|publisher=Brill Rodopi|isbn=978-90-420-2709-1|language=en}}</ref>

According to [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], the rooster is Helios' sacred animal, always crowing when he is about to rise.<ref>[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], ''Description of Greece'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text.jsp?doc=Paus.+5.25.9&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160 5.25.9]</ref>

== Interpretation ==
Both the words Alectryon and Halcyon might have been corrupted from [[Rooster|Halaka]], one of the old Persian appellations of the sun. In the '[[Vendidad]]' it is said that the sacred bird Parodars, called by men ''kahrkatak'', raises its voice at the dawn; and in the [[Bundahishn]], the sun is spoken of as Halaka, the [[rooster|cock]], the enemy of darkness and evil, which flee before his crowing.<ref>{{cite book|editor=Norman MacColl|editor-link=Norman MacColl|title=The Athenaeum: A Journal of Literature, Science, the Fine Arts, Music, and the Drama|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5q05AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA526|year=1899|publisher=J. Francis|page=526}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{portal|Ancient Greece|Mythology}}

* [[Arachne]]
* [[Coronis (lover of Apollo)#The raven and Constellation Corvus|Coronis]]
* [[Cultural references to chickens]]
* [[Echo (mythology)|Echo]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
* [[Lucian]], ''The Dream or the Cock'' in ''The Downward Journey or The Tyrant. Zeus Catechized. Zeus Rants. The Dream or The Cock. Prometheus. Icaromenippus or The Sky-man. Timon or The Misanthrope. Charon or The Inspectors. Philosophies for Sale. Translated by A. M. Harmon.'' Loeb Classical Library 54. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1915.
* [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], ''Pausanias Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes.'' Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+1.1.1 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library].
* Aken, Dr. A.R.A. van. (1961). ''Elseviers Mythologische Encyclopedie''. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
* Bartelink, Dr. G.J.M. (1988). ''Prisma van de mythologie''. Utrecht: Het Spectrum.
* [[Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology]]
* Vollmer, Wilhelm. (1874). ''Wörterbuch der Mythologie''. Stuttgart, S. 27–28.
* ''Pierer's Universal-Lexikon'', Band 1. (1857). Altenburg, p.&nbsp;284.

{{Metamorphoses in Greco-Roman mythology}}

[[Category:Metamorphoses into birds in Greek mythology]]
[[Category:Mythological galliforms]]
[[Category:LGBTQ themes in Greek mythology]]
[[Category:Deeds of Aphrodite]]
[[Category:Helios in mythology]]
[[Category:Deeds of Ares]]