Editing Aldhelm

{{Short description|8th-century English Bishop and saint}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
 | type              = Bishop
 | honorific-prefix  = Saint
 | name              = Aldhelm
 | honorific-suffix  = [[Benedictines|O.S.B.]]
 | title             = [[Bishop of Salisbury#History|Bishop of Sherborne]], [[Malmesbury Abbey|Abbot of Malmesbury Abbey]]
 | image             = Aldhelm.malmesbury.arp.jpg
 | imagesize         = 200px
 | alt               = 
 | caption           = Stained glass window showing Aldhelm, installed in [[St Aldhelm's Roman Catholic Church, Malmesbury|St Aldhelm's Church]], [[Malmesbury]]
 | church            = [[Catholic Church]]
 | archdiocese       = 
 | province          = 
 | metropolis        = 
 | diocese           = [[Diocese of Salisbury#History|Sherborne]] 
 | see               = 
 | elected           = 
 | enthroned         = 
 | quashed           = 
 | ended             = 
 | predecessor       = 
 | opposed           = 
 | successor         = [[Forthhere]]
 | other_post        = [[Abbot of Malmesbury]] (675-705)
<!---------- Orders ---------->
 | ordination        = 
 | consecration      = 
 | cardinal          = 
 | rank              = 
<!---------- Personal details ---------->
 | birth_name        = 
 | birth_date        = {{circa}} 639
 | birth_place       = [[Wessex]]
 | death_date        = 25 May 709
 | death_place       = [[Doulting]], [[Somerset]]
 | buried            = 
 | nationality       = 
 | residence         = 
 | parents           = 
<!---------- Sainthood ---------->
 | feast_day         = 25 May
 | venerated         = [[Catholic Church]]<br/>[[Eastern Orthodox Church]]<br/>[[Anglicanism|Anglican Communion]]
| canonized_date = Pre-[[Congregation for the Causes of Saints|Congregation]] 
 | attributes        = Monk playing a harp; or bishop with staff sprouting ash leaves
 | patronage         = [[Malmesbury, Wiltshire|Malmesbury]]; [[Sherborne]]; musicians; songwriters
 | shrine            = [[Malmesbury Abbey]] (now destroyed)

<!---------- Other ---------->
 | other             = 
}}

'''Aldhelm''' ({{langx|ang|Ealdhelm}}, {{langx|la|Aldhelmus Malmesberiensis}}; {{Circa|639}}{{snd}}25 May 709), [[Abbot of Malmesbury|Abbot]] of [[Malmesbury Abbey]], [[Bishop of Salisbury#History|Bishop of Sherborne]], and a writer and scholar of [[Latin]] poetry, was born before the middle of the 7th century. He is said to have been the son of Kenten, who was of the royal house of [[Wessex]].<ref name=Walsh21>Walsh ''A New Dictionary of Saints'' pp. 21–22</ref> He was certainly not, as his early biographer [[Faritius]] asserts, the brother of King [[Ine of Wessex|Ine]].<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Aldhelm|volume=1|pages=535-536}}</ref> After his death he was venerated as a saint, his feast day being the day of his death, 25 May.

==Life==

===Early life and education===
Aldhelm received his first education in the school of the Irish scholar and monk [[Maildubh|Máeldub]] (also ''Maildubh'', ''Maildulf'' or ''Meldun'') (died {{circa|lk=no|675}}),<ref name=museum>[http://www.athelstanmuseum.org.uk/people_st_aldhelm.html "St. Aldhelm ({{circa|lk=no|639}}{{snd}}709)", Athelstan Museum, Malmesbury]</ref> who had settled in the British stronghold of Bladon (or ''Bladow'') on the site of the town called Mailduberi, Maldubesburg, Meldunesburg, etc., and finally [[Malmesbury, Wiltshire|Malmesbury]], after him.<ref name="EB1911"/>

In 668, [[Pope Vitalian]] sent [[Theodore of Tarsus]] to be [[Archbishop of Canterbury]]. At the same time the North African scholar [[Adrian of Canterbury|Hadrian]] became abbot of [[St Augustine's Abbey|St Augustine's]] at [[Canterbury]]. Aldhelm was one of his disciples,<ref name=Walsh21/> for he addresses him as the 'venerable preceptor of my rude childhood.' He must, nevertheless, have been thirty years of age when he began to study with Hadrian. His studies included [[Roman law]], astronomy, astrology, the art of reckoning and the difficulties of the calendar. He learned, according to the doubtful statements of the early lives, both Greek and [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]. He certainly introduces many Latinized Greek words into his works.<ref name="EB1911"/>

Ill health compelled Aldhelm to leave Canterbury and he returned to Malmesbury Abbey, where he was a monk under Máeldub for fourteen years, dating probably from 661 and including the period of his studies with Hadrian.<ref name="EB1911"/>

===Abbot of Malmesbury===
When Máeldub died, Aldhelm was appointed in 675,<ref name=Walsh21/> according to a charter of doubtful authenticity cited by [[William of Malmesbury]], by [[Leuthere]], [[Bishop of Winchester]] (671–676), to succeed to the direction of the monastery, of which he became the first [[abbot]].<ref name="EB1911"/><ref name=museum/>

Aldhelm introduced the [[Rule of St Benedict|Benedictine rule]] and secured the right of the election of the abbot by the monks themselves. The community at Malmesbury increased, and Aldhelm was able to found two other monasteries as centres of learning, at [[Frome]], [[Somerset]] and at [[Bradford-on-Avon]], [[Wiltshire]]. Following a pilgrimage to Rome, he was given permission by [[Pope Sergius I]] in a Papal Bull of 701 to establish the monastery at Frome, where he had already built a church circa 685.<ref>Annette Burkitt, Flesh and Bones of Frome Selwood and Wessex, 2017, The Hobnob Press, p341 {{ISBN|978 1 906978 50 1}}</ref> The Anglo-Saxon building of [[St Laurence's Church, Bradford-on-Avon]] dates back to his time, and may safely be regarded as his. At Malmesbury he built a new church to replace Máeldub's modest building,<ref name=museum/> and obtained considerable grants of land for the monastery.<ref name="EB1911"/> Aldhelm held this post until circa 705 when he became [[Bishop of Salisbury#History|Bishop of Sherborne]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=St Aldhelm|url=https://www.athelstanmuseum.org.uk/malmesbury-history/people/st-aldhelm/|access-date=2021-01-10|website=Athelstan Museum|language=en-GB}}</ref>

[[Image:aldhelm.plaque.arp.jpg|thumb|left|Wall plaque at [[St Aldhelm's Catholic Church, Malmesbury]]. The inscription says 'St Aldhelm 639–709, Abbot of Malmesbury and Bishop of Sherborne, Latin Poet and Ecclesiastical Writer.']]

===Easter controversy===
Aldhelm was deputed by a synod of the church in Wessex to remonstrate with the [[Britons (historical)|Britons]] of [[Dumnonia]] ([[Devon]] and [[Cornwall]]) on the [[Easter controversy]]. British Christians followed a unique system of calculation for the date of Easter and also bore a distinctive tonsure; these customs are generally associated with the practice known as [[Celtic Christianity]]. Aldhelm wrote a long and [[Epistola ad Geruntium|rather acrimonious letter]] to king [[Geraint of Dumnonia]] (Geruntius) achieving ultimate agreement with Rome.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} Aldhelm also personally visited Devon & Cornwall about this time, potentially on a diplomatic mission,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Probert |first=Duncan |title=Aldhelm and Sherborne : essays to celebrate the founding of the bishopric| chapter=New light on Aldhelm's letter to King Gerent of Dumnonia |publisher=Oxbow Books |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-84217-357-2 |pages=110–28}}</ref> which he recounts in his [[Carmen Rhythmicum]].

===Bishop of Sherborne===
In 705, or perhaps earlier, [[Hædde]], [[Bishop of Winchester]], died, and the diocese was divided into two parts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sherbornetown.com/history.aspx |title=Sherborne Town |publisher=Sherborne Town |access-date=17 August 2013}}</ref> [[Sherborne]] was the new see, of which Aldhelm became the first bishop around 705.<ref name=Handbook222>Fryde, et al. ''Handbook of British Chronology'' p. 222</ref> He wished to resign the abbey of Malmesbury which he had governed for thirty years, but yielding to the remonstrances of the monks he continued to direct it until his death. He was now an old man, but he showed great activity in his new functions. The [[Sherborne Abbey#Saxon|cathedral church which he built at Sherborne]], though replaced later by a Norman church, is described by William of Malmesbury.<ref name="EB1911"/> In his capacity as bishop, he displayed a great deal of energy. This included going into public places where he would sing hymns and passages from the gospels interspersed with bits of clowning to draw attention to his message.

=== Organ ===
Rogers has Aldhelm claiming to have built an innovative [[Organ (music)|organ]],<ref name="memorials-p49">{{ cite book |title=Memorials of the West, Historical and Descriptive, Collected on the Borderland of Somerset, Dorset and Devon |last=Rogers |first=W. H. Hamilton |date=1888 |publisher=James G. Commin |page=49 |url=https://archive.org/details/memorialsofwesth00roge/page/49/mode/2up }}</ref> ''"a mighty instrument, with innumerable tones, blown with belows, and enclosed in a gilded case."''  (It is not clear from the source cited whether the device was innovative for the premises, the locale, or a fundamental advance on existing known technologies.)

===Death and veneration===
[[File:Statue of St Aldhelm in Sherborne Abbey.jpg|thumb|Conceptual statue of St Aldhelm in [[Sherborne Abbey]] by Marzia Colonna]]
Aldhelm was on his rounds in his diocese when he died at the church in [[Doulting]] village in 709, the [[Church of St Aldhelm, Doulting|Church of St Aldhelm]] and [[St Aldhelm's Well]] in the village are dedicated to him.<ref name=Handbook222/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mendip.gov.uk/Documents/Doulting%20CAA%20August%202006.pdf |title=Doulting Conservation Area Appraisal |publisher=Mendip Council |access-date=20 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611190055/http://www.mendip.gov.uk/Documents/Doulting%20CAA%20August%202006.pdf |archive-date=11 June 2011 }}</ref> The body was taken to Malmesbury, and crosses were set up by his friend, [[Egwin]], [[Bishop of Worcester]], at the various stopping-places.<ref>{{cite book |last=Thurston |first=Herbert |chapter=St. Aldhelm |title=Catholic Encyclopedia |volume= 1 |location=New York |publisher=Robert Appleton Company |year=1907 |access-date=21 September 2012 |url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01280b.htm}}</ref> He was buried in the church of St Michael at [[Malmesbury Abbey]].<ref name=Blair512>Blair "Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Saints" ''Local Saints and Local Churches'' p. 512</ref> His biographers relate miracles due to his sanctity worked during his lifetime and at his shrine.<ref name="EB1911"/> The cape in [[Dorset]] commonly known as [[St Alban's Head]] is more properly called St. Aldhelm's Head in his honour.

Aldhelm was revered as a [[saint]] after his death, with his feast day being celebrated on 25 May.<ref name=Walsh21/> His [[relic]]s were translated in 980 by [[Dunstan]], the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]].<ref name=Blair512/> He is commemorated by a statue in [[Table of the Statuary of the West Front of Salisbury Cathedral|niche 124]] of the West Front of [[Salisbury Cathedral]]. There is also a statue in [[Sherborne Abbey]] of Aldhelm, created in 2004 by Marzia Colonna.<ref name=BathAC>{{cite web |url=http://www.theftr.co.uk/the-art-of-worship-the-bishop-of-salisbury-at-sherborne-abbey-festival/ |title=The Art of Worship, the Bishop of Salisbury at Sherborne Abbey Festival |access-date=8 November 2017 |work=The Fine Times Recorder |date=2 May 2014 }}</ref>
[[File:Flag of Saint Aldhelm.svg|thumb|Flag of Saint Aldhelm]]
Aldhelm's flag may be flown in his celebration. The flag, a white cross on a red background, is a colour reversed version of [[England]]'s St. George flag.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hampshireflag.co.uk/flags.asp?search=ST.%20ALDHELMS |title=The flag |access-date=12 April 2011 |archive-date=19 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719001803/http://www.hampshireflag.co.uk/flags.asp?search=ST.%20ALDHELMS |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110815053205/http://wessexsociety.org/wessex_flag_flying_days.html Wessex flag flying advice]</ref>

Aldhelm is [[Calendar of saints (Church of England)|remembered]] in the [[Church of England]] with a [[Commemoration (observance)|commemoration]] on 25 May.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Calendar|url=https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/churchs-year/calendar|access-date=2021-03-27|website=The Church of England|language=en}}</ref>

In 2023, a [[deanery|pastoral area]] of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Clifton]] was named in honour of Aldhelm.<ref>{{cite web |title=Parishes |url=https://cliftondiocese.com/parishes/ |website=Clifton Diocese |access-date=9 February 2024}}</ref>

==Writings==
Aldhelm's collected works were edited by Rudolf Ehwald, ''Aldhelmi opera'' (Berlin, 1919). An earlier edition by [[J. A. Giles]], ''Patres eccl. Angl.'' (Oxford, 1844) was reprinted by [[Jacques Paul Migne|J. P. Migne]] in his ''[[Patrologia Latina|Patrologiae Cursus]],'' vol. 89 (1850).

===Contemporary reputation===
Aldhelm's fame as a scholar spread to other countries. [[Artwil]], the son of an Irish king, submitted his writings for Aldhelm's approval, and [[Cellanus]], an Irish monk from [[Péronne, Somme|Peronne]], was one of his correspondents. Aldhelm was the first [[Anglo-Saxons|Anglo-Saxon]], so far as is known, to write in [[Latin language|Latin]] verse, and his letter to Acircius ([[Aldfrith]] or Eadfrith, king of [[Northumbria]]) is a treatise on Latin [[prosody (poetry)|prosody]] for the use of his countrymen. In this work he included his most famous productions, [[Anglo-Saxon riddles#Aldhelm|one hundred and one riddles]] in Latin hexameters. Each of them is a complete picture, and one of them, ''[[De creatura]]'', runs to 83 lines.<ref name="EB1911"/>

That Aldhelm's merits as a scholar were early recognised in his own country is shown by the encomium of [[Bede]] (''[[Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum]]'' 5.18), who speaks of him as a wonder of erudition. His fame reached Italy, and at the request of [[Pope Sergius I]] he paid a visit to Rome, of which, however, there is no notice in his extant writings. On his return, bringing with him privileges for his monastery and a magnificent altar, he received a popular ovation.<ref name="EB1911"/>

Aldhelm wrote in elaborate, grandiloquent and very difficult [[Latin]], known as [[hermeneutic style]]. This ''verborum garrulitas'' shows the influence of Irish models and became England's dominant Latin style for centuries,<ref>The Oxford Companion to English Literature, 6th Edition. Edited by Margaret Drabble, Oxford University Press, 2000 p. 15</ref> though eventually it came to be regarded as barbarous.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=535}} His works became standard school texts in monastic schools, until his influence declined around the time of the Norman Conquest.

===Modern reputation===
Modern historians have contrasting views of his writings. [[Peter Hunter Blair]] compares him unfavourably to Bede: "In the mind of his older contemporary, Aldhelm, learning of equal depth produced little more than an extravagant form of intellectual curiosity...Like Bede he drank deeply from the streams of Irish and Mediterranean scholarship, but their waters produced in him a state of intellectual intoxication which delighted its beholders, but which left little to posterity."{{sfn|Hunter Blair|2003|p=326}} However, [[Michael Lapidge]] praises his immense learning, observing that his knowledge of Latin texts is greater than any other pre-Conquest Anglo-Saxon writer, and that "the originality and importance of his corpus of Latin writings well justifies his status as the first English man of letters".{{sfn|Lapidge|2004}}

===Prose===
*'''''De Laude Virginitatis''''' (the prose ''De Virginitate''), a Latin treatise on virginity addressed to the nuns of the double monastery at [[Barking Abbey|Barking]], is Aldhelm's best-known work. After a long preface extolling the merits of virginity, he commemorates a great number of male and female saints. Aldhelm later wrote a shorter, poetic version (see below).
*'''''[[Epistola ad Acircium]]''''', a Latin treatise dedicated to one Acircius, understood to be King [[Aldfrith of Northumbria]] (r. 685-704/5). The chief source of his ''Epistola ad Acircium'' (ed. A. Mai, ''Class. Auct.'' vol. V) is [[Priscian]]. The acrostic introduction gives the sentence, 'Aldhelmus cecinit millenis versibus odas,' whether read from the initial or final letters of the lines.<ref name="EB1911"/> After an address to King Aldfrith, the letter consists of three treatises:
**''De septenario'', treatise on the number seven in [[arithmology]]
**''De metris'', treatise on metre, including the ''Enigmata'' (see below).
**''De pedum regulis'', didactive treatise on [[metrical feet]], such as iambs and spondees.
*[[Epistola ad Geruntium]], a letter written in Latin to [[Geraint of Dumnonia|Geraint]], [[List of kings of Dumnonia|King of Dumnonia]] concerning articles of the [[Council of Hertford]]. It was supposed to have been destroyed by the Britons ([[William of Malmesbury]], ''[[Gesta pontificum Anglorum]]'' p.&nbsp;361), but was discovered with others of Aldhelm's in the [[Codex Vindobonensis 751|correspondence]] of [[Saint Boniface|St Boniface]], [[archbishop of Mainz]].<ref name="EB1911" />
*Other '''Letters'''. Correspondents include Bishop [[Leuthere]], [[Adrian of Canterbury|Hadrian]], [[Eahfrid]], Cellanus, Sergius and Aldhelm's pupils Wihtfrith and Æthelwald who was responsible for part of the ''Carmen Rhythmicum''.<ref>{{PASE|10418|Æthelwald 17|accessdate=2009-01-18|cw=1}}</ref>
**A long letter to [[Eahfrid]], a scholar just returned from Ireland (first printed in Usher, ''Veterum Epistt. Hiber. Sylloge,'' 1632), is of interest as casting light on the relations between English and Irish scholars.<ref name="EB1911" />

===Poetry===
*'''''Carmen de virginitate''''' (the poetic ''De Virginitate''). Aldhelm wrote a shorter, poetic version of ''De Laude Virginitatis'', which closes with a battle of the virtues against the vices, the ''De octo principalibus vitiis'' (first printed by Delrio, Mainz, 1601). The two works are what is sometimes called an ''opus geminatum'' or "twin work".
*'''''Carmen Rhythmicum''''', rhythmic poem which describes a travel through western England and the way a wooden church was affected by a storm.
*'''''Carmina ecclesiastica''''' (modern title), i.e. a number of Latin ''tituli'' designed for inscription on a church or altar. They are: (1) ''In Basilica Sanctorum Petri et Pauli'', for a church dedicated to St Peter and St Paul, possibly the church which Aldhelm founded at Malmesbury, (2) ''In Basilica Beatae Mariae Semper Virginis'', St Mary's Church, possibly also at Malmesbury, (3) ''In Ecclesia Mariae a Bugge Extructa'', for the church built by Bugga, that is [[Edburga of Minster-in-Thanet|Eadburh of Minster-in-Thanet]], a royal lady of the house of Wessex, (4) the twelve ''tituli'' known collectively as ''In Duodecim Apostolorum Aris'' and (5) ''In sancti Matthiae Apostoli Ecclesia''.
*'''''Aenigmata''''', one hundred riddles included in the ''[[Epistola ad Acircium]]''.

===Lost works===
According to [[William of Malmesbury]], Aldhelm also wrote poetry in [[Old English language|Old English]] and set his own compositions to music, but none of his songs, which were still popular in the time of [[Alfred the Great|Alfred]], have survived. Finding his people slow to come to church, he is said to have stood at the end of a bridge singing songs in the vernacular, thus collecting a crowd to listen to exhortations on sacred subjects.<ref name="EB1911"/><ref>{{Cite book| publisher=Yale University Press| last = Aldhelm| others = James Hall Pitman (trans.)| title = The riddles of Aldhelm| location = New Haven| series = Yale studies in English, 67| year = 1925| page = 69}}</ref>

==Churches dedicated to St Aldhelm==
<gallery>
File:Bristol St Aldhelm's Church, Chessels - geograph.org.uk - 68481.jpg|[[Bedminster, Bristol|Bedminster]], [[Bristol]]
File:Belchalwell CH.JPG|[[St Aldhelm's Church, Belchalwell|St Aldhelm's Church]], [[Belchalwell]], [[Dorset]]
File:St. Aldhelm's church - geograph.org.uk - 1734858.jpg|[[Bishopstrow]], [[Wiltshire]]
File:Boveridge, former church of St. Aldhelm - geograph.org.uk - 502281.jpg|[[St Aldhelm's Church, Boveridge|St Aldhelm's Church]], [[Boveridge]], [[Dorset]]
File:St Adhelm and St Eadburga church Broadway.jpg|[[Church of St Aldhelm and St Eadburgha, Broadway|Church of St Aldhelm and St Eadburgha]], [[Broadway, Somerset|Broadway]], [[Somerset]]
File:Chilcompton St Aldhelm's Church - geograph.org.uk - 137562.jpg|[[Chilcompton]], [[Somerset]]
File:St Aldhelms church Doulting.jpg|[[St Aldhelm's Church, Doulting|Church of St Aldhelm]], [[Doulting]], [[Somerset]]
File:St Aldhelm, Silver Street, Edmonton (geograph 2486882).jpg|[[Edmonton, London|Edmonton]], [[London]]
File:St Aldhelm's Chapel, Lytchett Heath - geograph.org.uk - 164231.jpg|[[St Aldhelm's Church, Lytchett Heath|St Aldhelm's Church]], [[Lytchett Heath]], [[Dorset]]
File:St Aldhelm's Catholic Church Malmesbury.jpg|[[St Aldhelm's Roman Catholic Church, Malmesbury|St Aldhelm's Church]], [[Malmesbury]], [[Wiltshire]]
File:St Aldhelm, Branksome, Dorset (geograph 6336405).jpg|[[St Aldhelm's Church, Poole]]
File:St.Aldhelm's Church, Spa Lane, Radipole - geograph.org.uk - 509961.jpg|[[St Aldhelm's Church, Radipole|St Aldhelm's Church]], [[Radipole]], [[Dorset]]
File:St Aldhelm, Sandleheath - geograph.org.uk - 1508898.jpg|[[Sandleheath]], [[Hampshire]]
File:St albans head chapel.jpg|[[St. Aldhelm's Chapel, St. Aldhelm's Head|St. Aldhelm's Chapel]], [[Worth Matravers]], [[Dorset]]
</gallery>

==Editions and translations==
===Complete works===
*Ehwald, Rudolf (ed.). ''Aldhelmi Opera''. MGH Scriptores. Auctores antiquissimi 15. Berlin, 1919. [http://mdz11.bib-bvb.de/dmgh_new/app/web?action=loadBook&bookId=00000827 Scans available from the Digital MGH].
*''Aldhelm: The Prose Works.'' Trans. Michael Lapidge and Michael Herren. D. S. Brewer, 1979.  {{ISBN|0-85991-041-5}}.
*''Aldhelm: The Poetic Works.'' Trans. [[Michael Lapidge]] and James L. Rosier. Boydell & Brewer, 1984. {{ISBN|0-85991-146-2}}.

===''Prosa de virginitate''===
*Gwara, Scott (ed.), ''Aldhelmi Malmesbiriensis Prosa de virginitate: cum glosa latina atque anglosaxonica'', 2 vols, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina, 124, 124a (Turnhout: Brepols, 2001).

===The ''Enigmata''===
* ''The Riddles of Aldhelm.'' Text and translation by James Hall Pittman. Yale University Press, 1925.
* ''Through a Gloss Darkly: Aldhelm’s Riddles in the British Library ms Royal 12.C.xxiii'', ed. and trans. by Nancy Porter Stork, Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, Studies and Texts, 98 (Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1990).
* ''Saint Aldhelm's Riddles'' Translated by A.M. Juster, University of Toronto Press, 2015, {{ISBN|978-1-4426-2892-2}}.

==See also==
*[[Leiden Glossary]]

==Citations==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite encyclopedia |author=Blair, John |title=A Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Saints |encyclopedia=Local Saints and Local Churches in the Early Medieval West |editor=Thacker, Aland |editor2=Sharpe, Richard |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, UK |year=2002 |pages=495–565|isbn=0-19-820394-2}}
* {{cite book |author=Fryde, E. B. |author2=Greenway, D. E. |author3=Porter, S. |author4= Roy, I. |title=Handbook of British Chronology|edition=Third revised |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |year=1996 |isbn=0-521-56350-X }}
* [[Frederick George Holweck|Holweck, F.G.]] ''A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints''. St. Louis, MO: B. Herder Book Co., 1924.
*{{cite book|last=Hunter Blair |first=Peter|title=An Introduction to Anglo-Saxon England|edition=3rd|publisher= Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, UK|year= 2003|isbn= 978-0-521-83085-0}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |first=Michael|last = Lapidge| publisher = Oxford University Press | encyclopedia= Oxford Dictionary of National Biography | title= Aldhelm [St Aldhelm] (d. 709/10)| year = 2004 | url = https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-308| accessdate=  5 May 2021|doi= 10.1093/ref:odnb/308  | isbn=978-0-19-861412-8 }} {{ODNBsub}}
* Lapidge, Michael. "The Career of Aldhelm."  ''Anglo-Saxon England'' 36 (2007): 15–69.
* Marenbon, John, "Les Sources du Vocabulaire d'Aldhelm" in ''Bulletin du Cange: Archivvm Latinitatis Medii Aevi'' MCMLXXVII- MCMLXXVIII. Tome XLI. E.J.Brill, Leiden. 1979.
* Orchard, Andy. ''The Poetic Art of Aldhelm.'' Cambridge University Press, 1994.  {{ISBN|0-521-45090-X}}.
* Walsh, Michael. ''A New Dictionary of Saints: East and West''. London: Burns & Oates, 2007. {{ISBN|0-86012-438-X}}
* G.T. Dempsey. ''Aldhelm of Malmesbury and the Ending of Late Antiquity'' (= Studia Traditionis Theologiae 16), Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2015. {{ISBN|978-2-503-55490-7}}

==External links==
{{Wikisource author}}
{{DNB poster|Aldhelm}}
{{Commons category|Aldhelm}}
* {{PASE|19330|Aldhelm 3}}
* [http://mdz11.bib-bvb.de/dmgh_new/app/data/tiff/bsb00000827/gif/bsb00000827_00351.gif Codex Lambethanus 200, f. 68b]
* [http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1223 Catholic Online Saints and Angels: St. Aldhelm]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929134451/http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/sainta4k.htm Patron Saints Index: Aldhelm of Sherborne]
* [http://www.salisbury.anglican.org/news/st-aldhelms-obelisk-dedicated St Aldhelm's Obelisk dedicated in Poole, England] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514084059/http://www.salisbury.anglican.org/news/st-aldhelms-obelisk-dedicated |date=14 May 2021 }}
* [https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_auct_ant_15/index.htm#page/(III)/mode/1up Aldhelmi Opera in Monumenta Germaniae Historica (1919)]

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel| [[Christianity|Christian titles]] }}
{{s-bef | before=Diocese created}}
{{s-ttl| title=[[Bishop of Sherborne (ancient)|Bishop of Sherborne]] | years=705–709}}
{{s-aft | after=[[Forthhere]] }}
{{s-end}}

{{Anglo-Saxon saints}}
{{Bishops of Sherborne (ancient)}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aldhelm}}
[[Category:639 births]]
[[Category:709 deaths]]
[[Category:Abbots of Malmesbury]]
[[Category:West Saxon saints]]
[[Category:Anglo-Saxon Benedictines]]
[[Category:Benedictine abbots]]
[[Category:Benedictine bishops]]
[[Category:Benedictine saints]]
[[Category:Benedictine writers]]
[[Category:Bishops of Sherborne (ancient)]]
[[Category:7th-century English bishops]]
[[Category:8th-century English bishops]]
[[Category:Anglo-Saxon monks]]
[[Category:Anglo-Saxon poets]]
[[Category:Anglo-Saxon writers]]
[[Category:English Christian monks]]
[[Category:7th-century Christian saints]]
[[Category:8th-century Christian saints]]
[[Category:Medieval Latin-language poets]]
[[Category:Texts of Anglo-Saxon England in Latin]]
[[Category:Burials in Wiltshire]]
[[Category:7th-century Christian abbots]]
[[Category:8th-century Christian abbots]]
[[Category:7th-century English writers]]
[[Category:8th-century English writers]]
[[Category:7th-century writers in Latin]]
[[Category:Anglican saints]]
[[Category:Writers from Malmesbury]]