Editing Alcalde, New Mexico

{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name            = Alcalde, New Mexico
|settlement_type          = [[Census-designated place|CDP]]
|nickname                 = 
|motto                    =
<!-- Images -->
|image_skyline            = Los Matachines de Alcalde.jpg
|imagesize                = 
|image_caption            = Los Matachines de Alcalde, 2013
|image_flag               = 
|image_seal               =
<!-- Maps -->
|image_map = Rio_Arriba_County_New_Mexico_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Alcalde_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize                  = 250px
|map_caption              = Location of Alcalde, New Mexico
|image_map1               = 
|mapsize1                 = 
|map_caption1             = 
|pushpin_map              = USA
|pushpin_map_caption      = Location in the United States
<!-- Location -->
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[New Mexico]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in New Mexico|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Rio Arriba County, New Mexico|Rio Arriba]]
|government_footnotes     = 
|government_type          = 
|leader_title             = 
|leader_name              = 
|leader_title1            = 
|leader_name1             = 
|established_title        = 
|established_date         =
<!-- Area -->
|unit_pref                = Imperial
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='35'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 12, 2022}}</ref>
|area_magnitude           = 
|area_total_km2           = 1.34
|area_land_km2            = 1.34
|area_water_km2           = 0.00
|area_total_sq_mi         = 0.52
|area_land_sq_mi          = 0.52
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.00
<!-- Population -->
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_footnotes     = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/>
|population_total         = 310
|population_density_km2   = 231.90
|population_density_sq_mi = 600.78
<!-- General information -->
|timezone                 = [[Mountain Time Zone|Mountain (MST)]]
|utc_offset               = -7
|timezone_DST             = [[Mountain Time Zone|MDT]]
|utc_offset_DST           = -6
|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_ft             = 5693
|coordinates              = {{coord|36|05|07|N|106|03|27|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 87511
|area_code                = [[Area code 505|505]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 35-02070
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 2407711<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2407711}}</ref>
|website                  = 
|footnotes                = 
}}

'''Alcalde''' ([[Spanish language|Spanish]] for ''mayor'') is a [[census-designated place]] (CDP) in [[Rio Arriba County, New Mexico|Rio Arriba County]], [[New Mexico]], United States. In 2022, the Census Bureau lists the population at 235.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcalde, NM {{!}} Data USA |url=https://datausa.io/profile/geo/alcalde-nm |access-date=2024-12-08 |website=datausa.io |language=en}}</ref>

== Places to Visit ==
* '''The [[Juan de Oñate|Oñate]] Monument Center''' located in Alcalde on [[New Mexico Highway 68]].
* Historic site of '''Los Luceros Hacienda''', an 18th century Spanish complex consisting of 5 buildings. Los Luceros was built in 1703 on the side of a land grant owned by Capitan Sebastian Martin Serrano.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pike |first=David |title=Roadside New Mexico : a guide to historic markers |publisher=University of New Mexico Press |year=2015 |pages=383}}</ref>
* [https://www.elalamowinery.com/ '''El Alamo Winery'''] has several Gold and Silver placing wines from the NM State Fair Wine Competitions in 2021, 2022, 2023, and 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=State Fair {{!}} |url=https://www.nmvineandwine.org/state-fair/ |access-date=2024-12-08 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== History ==
Each year on December 27, the city of Alcalde celebrates a feast day. One prominent focus of the celebration is when villagers enact Los Comanches, a poetic drama written 1780. The performance, based on true events, depicts the Spanish army's defeat of Comanche leader, Green Horn.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Whitmore |first=Jane |date=2020-12-27 |title=Los Comanches Drama Performed in Alcalde, New Mexico |url=https://thebikiniproject.org/los-comanches-drama-performed-in-alcalde-new-mexico/ |access-date=2024-12-08 |website=The Bikini Project |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Juan De Oñate ===
Juan de Oñate, nicknamed The Last Conquistador, lead the final Spanish funded colonization venture of nearly 500 people to colonize the area of northern New Mexico in 1598.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Oxford University Press |title=The American Historical Review |journal=The American Historical Review |volume=99 |pages=636–637 |via=JSOTR}}</ref>

In the summer of 2020, two statues of Juan de Oñate were taken down amid longstanding tensions between Native Americans and Hispanics over Spain’s conquest of New Mexico. Gunfire erupted during a protest in Albuquerque, where demonstrators called for the removal of a statue of Oñate, the tyrannical conquistador whose legacy has become a focal point in the wider national movement to confront racial injustice. While protests across the country have targeted various symbols of oppression, including statues of Christopher Columbus, the focus in New Mexico is shifting toward challenging symbols of colonial violence.

Earlier that day, authorities in the northern town of Alcalde removed another statue of Oñate, whose harsh rule as governor played a pivotal role in establishing centuries of Spanish control in the region.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Romero |first=Simon |date=June 15, 2020 |title=Man Is Shot at Protest Over Statue of New Mexico's Conquistador |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/15/us/conquistador-onate-albuquerque-new-mexico-unrest.html |access-date=November 11, 2024 |work=The New York Times}}</ref>

=== Georgia O'Keeffe ===
Renowned artist [[Georgia O'Keeffe]] created the oil painting titled "Near Alcalde, New Mexico, 1931" as a depiction of the Spanish Mission Church just outside of Alcalde. The painting is now housed in the Yale University Art Gallery.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Near Alcalde, New Mexico {{!}} Yale University Art Gallery |url=https://artgallery.yale.edu/collections/objects/53337 |access-date=2024-12-08 |website=artgallery.yale.edu}}</ref>

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the CDP has a total area of {{convert|0.5|sqmi|km2}}, all land.<ref name="census">{{cite web |title=2010 Census Gazetteer Files – Places: New Mexico |url=http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2010_place_list_35.txt |accessdate=October 20, 2017 |publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]}}</ref>

===Climate===
{{Weather box   <!-- Infobox begins -->
| single line = Y
| location    = Alcalde, New Mexico, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1953&ndash;present

|Jan record high F = 70
|Feb record high F = 73
|Mar record high F = 83
|Apr record high F = 88
|May record high F = 98
|Jun record high F = 101
|Jul record high F = 102
|Aug record high F = 100
|Sep record high F = 95
|Oct record high F = 90
|Nov record high F = 79
|Dec record high F = 68

|Jan avg record high F = 58.1
|Feb avg record high F = 64.7
|Mar avg record high F = 74.7
|Apr avg record high F = 80.9
|May avg record high F = 88.4
|Jun avg record high F = 95.6
|Jul avg record high F = 96.6
|Aug avg record high F = 93.6
|Sep avg record high F = 89.5
|Oct avg record high F = 81.7
|Nov avg record high F = 69.3
|Dec avg record high F = 58.4
|year avg record high F = 97.5

<!-- Average high temperatures -->
| Jan high F  =45.1
| Feb high F  =51.0
| Mar high F  =60.0
| Apr high F  =67.4
| May high F  =76.2
| Jun high F  =86.0
| Jul high F  =88.1
| Aug high F  =85.6
| Sep high F  =79.8
| Oct high F  =68.7
| Nov high F  =55.4
| Dec high F  =44.5
<!-- Mean daily temperature -->
| Jan mean F  =30.2
| Feb mean F  =35.3
| Mar mean F  =42.4
| Apr mean F  =49.6
| May mean F  =58.1
| Jun mean F  =67.1
| Jul mean F  =71.8
| Aug mean F  =69.6
| Sep mean F  =62.2
| Oct mean F  =50.3
| Nov mean F  =38.7
| Dec mean F  =29.8
<!-- Average low temperatures -->
| Jan low F  =15.3
| Feb low F  =19.6
| Mar low F  =24.8
| Apr low F  =31.9
| May low F  =39.9
| Jun low F  =48.2
| Jul low F  =55.4
| Aug low F  =53.7
| Sep low F  =44.6
| Oct low F  =31.9
| Nov low F  =22.0
| Dec low F  =15.2

|Jan avg record low F = 4.5
|Feb avg record low F = 8.5
|Mar avg record low F = 13.8
|Apr avg record low F = 20.9
|May avg record low F = 29.0
|Jun avg record low F = 38.5
|Jul avg record low F = 46.5
|Aug avg record low F = 45.9
|Sep avg record low F = 33.5
|Oct avg record low F = 21.5
|Nov avg record low F = 11.0
|Dec avg record low F = 5.0
|year avg record low F = 1.4

|Jan record low F = -34
|Feb record low F = -12
|Mar record low F = 4
|Apr record low F = 11
|May record low F = 18
|Jun record low F = 32
|Jul record low F = 39
|Aug record low F = 34
|Sep record low F = 23
|Oct record low F = 9
|Nov record low F = -11
|Dec record low F = -11

<!-- Total precipitation, this should include rain and snow. -->
| precipitation colour    =  green
| Jan precipitation inch  =0.51
| Feb precipitation inch  =0.39
| Mar precipitation inch  =0.69
| Apr precipitation inch  =0.70
| May precipitation inch  =0.78
| Jun precipitation inch  =0.78
| Jul precipitation inch  =1.65
| Aug precipitation inch  =1.75
| Sep precipitation inch  =1.25
| Oct precipitation inch  =1.14
| Nov precipitation inch  =0.73
| Dec precipitation inch  =0.73
|year precipitation inch = 11.10

|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 2.8
|Feb precipitation days = 3.0
|Mar precipitation days = 3.8
|Apr precipitation days = 4.1
|May precipitation days = 4.2
|Jun precipitation days = 3.9
|Jul precipitation days = 8.2
|Aug precipitation days = 8.5
|Sep precipitation days = 5.4
|Oct precipitation days = 4.9
|Nov precipitation days = 3.1
|Dec precipitation days = 3.3

<!-- Snowfall -->
| Jan snow inch  =2.2
| Feb snow inch  =1.5
| Mar snow inch  =1.4
| Apr snow inch  =0.3
| May snow inch  =0.0
| Jun snow inch  =0.0
| Jul snow inch  =0.0
| Aug snow inch  =0.0
| Sep snow inch  =0.0
| Oct snow inch  =0.6
| Nov snow inch  =1.4
| Dec snow inch  =3.3

|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 1.3
|Feb snow days = 1.1
|Mar snow days = 0.5
|Apr snow days = 0.3
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.2
|Nov snow days = 0.5
|Dec snow days = 1.7

|source 1 = NOAA<ref name = NOAA>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00290245&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Alcalde, NM
|access-date = February 25, 2023
}}
</ref>
|source 2 = National Weather Service<ref name = NOWData>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=abq
|publisher = National Weather Service
|title = NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Albuquerque
|access-date = February 25, 2023
}}
</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|2020= 310
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2016}}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:35&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 12, 2022}}</ref>
}}
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:OnateStatueAlcaldeNM.jpg|thumb|175px|left|Onate Center and statue]] -->
At the [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]] there were 377 people, 121 households, and 99 families in the CDP. The population density was {{convert|735.3|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 138 housing units at an average density of {{convert|269.2|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census#2000 census|racial makeup]] of the CDP was 37.40% White, 0.27% African American, 1.59% Native American, 0.27% Asian, 54.64% from other races, and 5.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 89.12%.<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |accessdate=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref>

Of the 121 households 46.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.1% were married couples living together, 19.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.4% were non-families. 16.5% of households were one person and 7.4% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.12 and the average family size was 3.39.

The age distribution was 32.9% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 32.1% from 25 to 44, 15.4% from 45 to 64, and 12.5% 65 or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.2 males.

The median household income was $37,969 and the median family income was $38,250. Males had a median income of $31,375 versus $20,341 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $13,656. About 10.7% of families and 12.6% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 8.6% of those under age 18 and 13.6% of those age 65 or over.

==Education==
It is in [[Española Public Schools]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st35_nm/schooldistrict_maps/c35039_rio_arriba/DC20SD_C35039.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Rio Arriba County, NM|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|accessdate=July 30, 2021}}</ref> Alcalde has one elementary school, Alcalde Elementary. The comprehensive public high school is [[Española Valley High School]].

==See also==
{{portal|New Mexico}}
* [[List of census-designated places in New Mexico]]
* [[Juan de Oñate|Juan de Oñate - Wikipedia]]

==References==
{{reflist|22em}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Alcalde, New Mexico}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071021111927/http://www.abiquiuonline.com/ Abiquiu Online – Serving the Northern New Mexico Area]
* [https://www.flickr.com/photos/larry1732/sets/72157625670890964 Los Matachines – Alcalde], photo gallery

{{Rio Arriba County, New Mexico}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Census-designated places in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in New Mexico]]