Editing Albret

{{Short description|Navarrese royal dynasty of French origin}}
[[Image:Armoiries Albret.svg|right|thumb|125px|Original coat of arms of the lords and dukes of Albret.]]
[[Image:Armoiries Albret moderne.svg|right|thumb|125px|Coat of arms of the lords and dukes of Albret since the 15th century.]]
The '''House of Albret''', which derives its name from the lordship (''seigneurie'') of '''Albret''' ([[Labrit]]), situated in the [[Landes of Gascony|Landes]], was one of the most powerful feudal families of [[Kingdom of France|France]] and [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]] during the [[Middle Ages]].

==History==
The work of [[Anthony Marinus Hendrik Johan Stokvis|Anthony M. H. J. Stokvis]] establishes the [[genealogy]] of the Albrets to start with the 800s AD [[Basque people|Basque]] nobleman [[Jimeno of Pamplona]], patriarch of the Spanish [[Jiménez dynasty]]. Members of the House of Albret distinguished themselves during the major local wars of that era. During the 14th century they espoused the [[England|English]] cause for some time, afterwards transferring their support to the side of France.{{sfn|Prinet|1911|p=512}}

Arnaud Amanieu I, Lord of Albret, helped to take [[Guienne]] from the English. His son [[Charles I d'Albret|Charles]] became constable of France, and was killed at the [[Battle of Agincourt]] in 1415.
At that time the House of Albret had attained considerable territorial importance, due in great part to the liberal grants which it had obtained from successive kings of France.

The House of Albret then continued its ascension, favored by both [[Charles VI of France|Charles VI]] and [[Charles VII of France|Charles VII]]. It reached its apogee in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. They familiarized themselves with the court of France through their alliances. In 1470, they inherited the [[County of Périgord]] and the [[Viscounty of Limoges]]. Their new strength then allowed them to claim the inheritance of the [[Brittany|Duchy of Brittany]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Courroux |first=Pierre |title=Pierre Courroux, &quot;How to become Armagnac? The case of Charles I d'Albret, 1368–1415&quot;. French History, 2017, 31 (2), p. 133-151 |url=https://www.academia.edu/33645653}}</ref>

[[Alain I of Albret|Alain the Great]], Lord of Albret (died 1522), wished to marry [[Anne of Brittany]], and to that end fought against [[Charles VIII of France|Charles VIII]]; but his hopes being ended by the betrothal of Anne to [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian]] of Austria, he surrendered [[Nantes]] to the French in 1486.{{sfn|Prinet|1911|p=512}}

They took possession of the [[county of Foix]], when [[John III of Navarre|Jean I of Albret]], son of [[Alain I of Albret|Alain]], became King of [[Navarre]] by his marriage with [[Catherine of Navarre|Catherine of Foix]], Queen of Navarre in 1484. Their son [[Henry II of Navarre|Henry II]], King of Navarre, was created Duke of Albret and a peer of France in 1550. By his wife [[Marguerite de Navarre|Marguerite d'Angoulême]], sister of [[Francis I of France|Francis I]], Henry II had a daughter, [[Jeanne d'Albret]], Queen of Navarre, who married [[Anthony de Bourbon]], Duke of [[Vendôme]], and became the mother of [[Henry IV of France|Henry IV]], King of France.{{sfn|Prinet|1911|pp=512–513}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Greengrass |first=Mark |title=Jeanne d'Albret and the Game of Queens |url=https://www.academia.edu/37951368 |journal=The Huguenots of Spitalfields Lecture - 2 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=albret |url=http://jm.ouvrard.pagesperso-orange.fr/armor/fami/a/albret.htm |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=jm.ouvrard.pagesperso-orange.fr |language=FR}}</ref>

These new possessions (Bearne, Foix, Bigorra, Tartas, Castres, Dreux, etc.) gave them a real political role in the Renaissance century. 
However, the Albrets did not stay long at the top of the society of orders.  Navarre was invaded by Spain in 1512, and the house of Albret kept only the small part on the French side of the [[Pyrenees]] (Lower-Navarre), and Joan of Albret is the last of her name to sit on the throne, because the [[Duke of Albret|Dukedom of Albret]], was united to the crown of France by the accession of the crown prince.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ruble |first=Alphonse baron de |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I0lNAAAAMAAJ |title=Antoine de Bourbon et Jeanne d'Albret: suite de la mariage de Jeanne d'Albret |date=1885 |publisher=A. Labitte |language=fr}}</ref>

The title of [[Duke of Albret]] was later granted to the family of [[La Tour d'Auvergne]] (see [[Frédéric Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne, duc de Bouillon|duc de Bouillon]]) in 1651, in exchange for Sedan and Raucourt.{{sfn|Prinet|1911|p=513}}

A cadet of this house was {{ill|Jean d'Albret-Orval|fr|Jean d'Albret (gouverneur de Champagne)}}, seigneur of Orval, [[count of Dreux]] and of [[Counts and dukes of Rethel|Rethel]], governor of [[Champagne, France|Champagne]] (died 1524), who was employed by [[Francis I of France|Francis I]] in many diplomatic negotiations, more particularly in his intrigues to get himself elected emperor in 1519.{{sfn|Prinet|1911|p=513}}

Notable descendants include the Kings of Navarre ([[Basque Country (autonomous community)|basque]] region), French-Mexican politicians, {{ill|Gerardo Ruiz de Esparza|es}} and [[Luis Ruben Valadéz-Bourbon|Luis Ruben de Valadéz]] (née Valadez-Hernandez II) from the marriage of Carlos [[Beaumont-le-Roger|Beaumont]] de Navarre, Count of Beaumont and Ana de [[Château de Curton|Curton]] d'Albret, [[Dame]] of Curton and [[Guiche, france|Guiche]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=[PDF] EL CONDADO DE BEAUMONT-LE-ROGER - Free Download PDF |url=https://silo.tips/download/el-condado-de-beaumont-le-roger |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=silo.tips |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Luis de Beaumont {{!}} Real Academia de la Historia |url=https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/64287/luis-de-beaumont |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=dbe.rah.es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Conde de Beaumont-le-Roger; Duque de Durazo Luis de Navarra n. 1341 f. 1376: geneaordonez |url=https://www.geneaordonez.es/datos/getperson.php?personID=I20121&tree=MiArbol |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=www.geneaordonez.es}}</ref>

[[Image:Navarre bible.jpg|thumb|200px|List of the Historical Bible ({{circa|1355}}) with d'Albret coat of arms in the corners and a signature of [[Jeanne d'Albret]].]]

==Lords of Albret==
{{colbegin|colwidth=30em}}
* Amanieu I ([[floruit|fl.]] 1050){{sfn|Anselme|Fourny|Ange|Simplicien|1730|p=206}}
* Amanieu II (fl. [[First Crusade|1096]]){{sfn|Anselme|Fourny|Ange|Simplicien|1730|p=206}}
* Amanieu III (fl. 1130){{sfn|Marquette|2010|p=30}}{{sfn|Luchaire|1872|p=30}}
* Bernard I (fl. 1140){{sfn|Luchaire|1872|p=30}}{{sfn|Anselme|Fourny|Ange|Simplicien|1730|p=206}}
* Amanieu IV (fl. 1174, died c. 1209){{sfn|Marquette|2010|p=32}}{{sfn|Lodge|1926|p=16}}
* [[Amanieu V d'Albret|Amanieu V]] (died 1255){{sfn|Marquette|2010|pp=39–41}}{{sfn|Lodge|1926|p=16}}
* [[Amanieu VI d'Albret|Amanieu VI]] (died c. 1270){{sfn|Lodge|1926|p=16}}{{sfn|Anselme|Fourny|Ange|Simplicien|1730|p=207}}
* Bernard Ezi I, 1270–1281{{sfn|Lodge|1926|p=16}}{{sfn|Anselme|Fourny|Ange|Simplicien|1730|p=208}}
* Mathe d'Albret, 1281–1295{{sfn|Lodge|1926|p=16}}
* Isabelle d'Albret, 1295–1298{{sfn|Lodge|1926|p=16}}
* [[Amanieu VII d'Albret|Amanieu VII]], 1298–1324{{sfn|Marquette|2010|p=81}}
* [[Bernard Ezi II d'Albret|Bernard Ezi II]], 1324–1358{{sfn|Lodge|1926|p=16}}
* [[Arnaud Amanieu, Lord of Albret|Arnaud Amanieu]], 1358–1401{{sfn|Lodge|1926|p=16}}
* [[Charles I d'Albret]], 1401–1415
* [[Charles II d'Albret]], 1415–1471
* [[Jean I of Albret]] (associated, died before 1471) also known as Jean I, viscount of Tartas
* [[Alain I of Albret]] ''le Grand'', 1471–1522
* [[John III of Navarre|Jean II of Albret]] (associated, died 1516)
* [[Henry II of Navarre|Henry I of Albret]] 1522–1555  King of Navarre as Henry II
* [[Jeanne d'Albret]] 1555–1572 Queen of Navarre as Jeanne III of Navarre.
* [[Henry IV of France]] 1572–1610 (son of Jeanne III)
{{colend}}

[[File:Genealogy of the Lords and Dukes of Albret.jpg|500px|center|Genealogy of the Lords and Dukes of Albret.jpg]]

==Armorial==

{| class=wikitable
|- valign=top  align=center
| width="206" | '''Figure'''
| '''blasonnement'''
|- valign=top
|align=center | [[File:Armoiries Albret.svg|100px]] 
|'''[[lords d'Albret]]'''
''De gueules plain''.<ref name=Rietstap>Jean-Baptiste Rietstap, Armorial général, Gouda, G.B. van Goor zonen, 1884-1887</ref>
|- valign=top
|align=center | [[File:Armoiries Albret moderne.svg|100px]] 
|'''[[counts d'Albret]]''', 14th century
''écartelé en 1 et 4 d'azur aux trois fleurs de lys d'or et en 2 et 3 de gueules''.<ref name=Rietstap/>
|- valign=top
|align=center | [[File:Armoiries Navarre-Albret.svg|120px]] 
|'''[[List of kings of Navarre|Kings of Navarre]]'''
''parti de deux et coupé d'un : 1, de gueules aux chaînes d'or posées en orle, en croix et en sautoir, chargées en cœur d'une émeraude au naturel; en 2, contre-écartelé en 1 et 4 d'azur aux trois fleurs de lys d'or et en 2 et 3 de gueules; en 3, d'or aux quatre pals de gueules; en 4, contre-écartelé en 1 et 4 d'or aux trois pals de gueules, en 2 et 3 d'or aux deux vaches de gueules, accornées, colletées et clarinées d'azur, passant l'une sur l'autre; en 5, d'azur semé de fleurs de lys d'or à la bande componée d'argent et de gueules; et en 6, contre-écartelé en sautoir d'or aux quatre pals de gueules et de gueules au château d'or ouvert et ajouré d'azur et d'argent au lion de gueules armé, lampassé et couronné d'or; sur-le-tout d'or aux deux lions léopardés de gueules, armés et lampassés d'azur, passant l'un sur l'autre.''<ref name=Rietstap/>
|- valign=top
|align=center | [[File:Armoiries Albret Orval.svg|100px]] [[File:Armoiries Albret Orval moderne.svg|100px]]
|'''[[lords of Orval]]'''
''de gueules à la bordure engrélée d'argent et au bâton de sable péri en barre''.<ref name=Rietstap/>

''écartelé, au premier et au quatrième d'azur à trois fleurs de lys d'or, au deuxième et au troisième de gueules à la bordure engrêlée d'argent.''<ref>[http://www.euraldic.com/aarm_al.html Euraldic]</ref>
|- valign=top
|align=center | [[File:Armoiries Albret Rethel.svg|100px]] 
|'''[[Counts and dukes of Rethel|counts of Rethel]]'''
''coupé en 1 écartelé en 1 et 4 d'azur aux trois fleurs de lys d'or et en 2 et 3 de gueules et en 2 d'azur semé de fleurs de lys d'or à la bordure componée d'argent et de gueules''.<ref>[http://www.cgb.fr/monnaies/vso/v17/fr/monnaies738c.html Jeton de Marie d’Albret]</ref>
|}

== See also ==
* [[Kings of Navarre family tree|Navarre monarchs family tree]]
* [[Guiraude de Dax]]

==Citations==
{{reflist|30em}}

==References==
* {{cite book |author=Anselme |year=1730 |author2=Fourny |author3=Ange |author4=Simplicien |title=Histoire Généalogique et Chronologique de la Maison Royale de France |volume=6 |language=fr |edition=3rd |place=Paris |url={{googlebooks|N0apH7T7cDIC|pg=206|plainurl=y}} |name-list-style=amp |author-link=Anselm de Guibours |author-link2=Honoré Caille du Fourny |author-link3=Angel Baffard |author-link4=Simplicien Lucas }}
* {{cite journal |last=Dubois |year=1913 |first=Jean |title=Inventaire des titres de la maison d'Albret |journal=[[:fr:Académie d'Agen#Recueil des travaux de la Société d'agriculture, sciences et arts d'Agen|Recueil des travaux de la Société d'Agriculture, Sciences et Arts d'Agen]] |series=2nd series |volume=16 |pages=1–212 |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k338533 }}
* {{cite book |last1=La Chenaye-Desbois |year=1863 |first1=F.A.A. |last2=Badier |first2=Jacques |title=Dictionnaire de la Noblesse |language=fr |volume=1 |edition=3rd |publisher=Chez Schlesinger frères |place=Paris |url={{googlebooks|Mu4UAAAAQAAJ|pg=275|plainurl=y}} |name-list-style=amp |author-link=:fr:François-Alexandre Aubert de La Chenaye-Desbois }}
* {{cite book |last=Lodge |year=1926 |first=Eleanor C. |title=Gascony under English Rule |publisher=Methuen & Co. |hdl=2027/uc1.$b706144 |place=London |author-link=Eleanor Constance Lodge }}
* {{cite journal |last=Luchaire |year=1872 |first=Achille |title=Notice sur les origines de la maison d'Albret (977–1270) |journal=Bulletin de la Société des Sciences, Lettres et Arts de Pau |series=2nd series |volume=2 |pages=24–40, 99–124 |issn=1141-1244 |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k342541 |author-link=Denis Jean Achille Luchaire }}
* {{cite book |last=Marquette |year=2010 |first=Jean-Bernard |title=Les Albret: L'ascension d'un lignage gascon (XIe siècle–1360) |publisher=Ausonius |place=Bordeaux |isbn=978-2-356-13038-9 }}

'''Attribution:'''
*{{EB1911|wstitle=Albret|volume=1|pages=512–513|first=Léon Jacques Maxime|last=Prinet}}

{{Royal houses of Navarre}}

[[Category:House of Albret| ]]
[[Category:Lists of French nobility|Albret]]