Editing Agenor

{{Short description|Phoenician king in Greek mythology and history}}
{{Other uses}}

'''Agenor''' ({{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|dʒ|iː|n|ɔr}}; {{langx|grc|Ἀγήνωρ|Agēnor|heroic, manly}})<ref>{{LSJ|a)gh/nwr|ἀγήνωρ|ref}}</ref> was in [[Greek mythology]] and history a [[Phoenicia]]n [[monarch|king]] of [[Tyre, Lebanon|Tyre]]{{sfn|Schachter|2012|p=38}} or [[Sidon]]. The [[Greeks|Greek]] historian [[Herodotus]] (c. 484–425 BC), born in the city of [[Halicarnassus]] under the [[Achaemenid Empire]], estimated that Agenor lived either 1000 or 1600 years prior to his visit to Tyre in 450 BC at the end of the [[Greco-Persian Wars]] (499–449 BC).<ref>{{cite book|author=Herodotus|author-link=Herodotus|translator-last=de Sélincourt|translator-first=Aubrey|editor-last=Marincola|editor-first=John|year=2003|orig-year=1954|title=Histories|title-link=Histories (Herodotus)|place=New York|publisher=[[Penguin Books]]|edition=Reprint|page=155|isbn=978-0140449082|quote=But from the birth of [[Dionysus]], the son of [[Semele]], daughter of [[Cadmus]], to the present day is a period of about 1000 years only; ...}}</ref><ref>Herodotus, 2.145.1</ref> He was said to have reigned in that city for 63 years.<ref name=":3" />

==Family==
Agenor was born in [[Memphis, Egypt|Memphis]], [[Egypt]] to [[Poseidon]] and [[Libya of Egypt|Libya]]<ref>[[Aeschylus]], ''[[The Suppliants (Aeschylus)|Suppliant Women]]'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Aesch.+Supp.+291&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0016:book=:chapter=&highlight=Agenor 317]</ref> and he had a twin brother named [[Belus (Egyptian)|Belus]].<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+2.1.4&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:book=:chapter=&highlight=Agenor 2.1.4] & [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+3.1.1&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:book=:chapter=&highlight=Agenor 3.1.1]; [[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]], ''Fabulae'' [https://topostext.org/work/206#157 157]; [[John Tzetzes|Tzetzes]], ''Chiliades'' [https://topostext.org/work/617#7.348 7.349–350]; [[Maurus Servius Honoratus|Servius]] ad [[Virgil]], ''[[Aeneid]]'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Serv.+A.+1.338&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0053:book=:chapter=&highlight=Agenor 1.338]; [[Scholia]] on [[Euripides]], ''[[The Phoenician Women|Phoenissae]]'' [https://archive.org/details/scholiaineuripi00schwgoog/page/n286/mode/1up?view=theater 5]</ref> The latter remained in Egypt and reigned over there while Agenor departed to Phoenicia and reigned there.<ref>Apollodorus, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+3.1.1&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:book=:chapter=&highlight=Agenor 3.1.1]; Tzetzes, ''Chiliades'' [https://topostext.org/work/617#7.348 7.351–352]</ref> In a rare version of the myth, Agenor and Belus had another brother named [[Enyalius|Enyalios]].<ref name=":3" /> According to other sources, he was the son of Belus and brother of [[Phineus (son of Belus)|Phineus]], [[Phoenix (son of Agenor)|Phoenix]], [[Aegyptus]] and [[Danaus]].<ref>[[Nonnus]], ''[[Dionysiaca]]'' [https://topostext.org/work/529#3.284 3.296–304] & [https://topostext.org/work/529#3.351 363–364]</ref> This tradition was followed by [[John Tzetzes|Tzetzes]] but he added [[Ninus]] as one of the six brothers. The same author claimed that there were two Agenors, the first one being the brother of Belus while the second was the son of the latter, thus uncle of the first Agenor.<ref>Tzetzes, ''Chiliades'' [https://topostext.org/work/617#7.159 7.162–163]</ref>

Sources differed also as to Agenor's children; he was said to have been the father of [[Europa (consort of Zeus)|Europa]],<ref>Diodorus Siculus, [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/5D*.html#78.1 5.78.1]; Ovid, ''Metamorphoses'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Ov.+Met.+2.833&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0028:book=:chapter=&highlight=Agenor 2.858]; [[Statius]], ''[[Achilleid]]'' [https://topostext.org/work/813#2.49 2.72–74]; Apollodorus, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+3.1.1&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:book=:chapter=&highlight=Agenor 3.1.1]; Hyginus, ''Fabulae'' [https://topostext.org/work/206#155 155] & [https://topostext.org/work/206#178 178]; [[Lucian]], ''Dialogi Marini'' [https://topostext.org/work/351#15 15] & ''De dea Syria'' [https://topostext.org/work/340#4 4]; [[Jerome|St. Jerome]], ''Chronicon'' [https://topostext.org/work/530#B1284 B1284]; [[Tatian]], ''Address to the Greeks'' [https://topostext.org/work/546#33 33]; Scholiast on [[Plato]], ''[[Timaeus (dialogue)|Timaeus]]'' 24e; Malalas, ''Chronographia'' [https://topostext.org/work/793#2.30 2.30]; [[Marcus Terentius Varro|Varro]], ''De lingua latina libri'' [https://topostext.org/work/728#5.31 5.31]; [[Liber Memorialis|Ampelius]], ''Liber Memorialis'' [https://topostext.org/work/746#2.1 2.1]; [[Rutilius Claudius Namatianus|Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' [https://topostext.org/work/723#1.249 1.249]</ref> [[Cadmus]],<ref>[[Herodotus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hdt.+4.147.4&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0126:book=:chapter=&highlight=agenor 4.147.4]; [[Sophocles]], ''[[Oedipus Rex]]'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Soph.+OT+255&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0192:book=:chapter=&highlight=Agenor 268]; [[Bacchylides]], ''[[Dithyramb]]s'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Bacchyl.+Dith.+19&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0064:book=:chapter=&highlight=Agenor 19.46–48]; [[Euripides]], ''[[The Bacchae|Bacchae]]'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Eur.+Ba.+170&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0092:book=:chapter=&highlight=Agenor 170–171]; [[Apollonius of Rhodes|Apollonius Rhodius]], ''[[Argonautica]]'' [https://topostext.org/work/126#3.1163 3.1186] with scholia; [[Diodorus Siculus]], [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/3E*.html#74.6 3.74.6], [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/4A*.html#2.1 4.2.1], [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/5D*.html#48.5 5.48.5], [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/5D*.html#57.5 5.57.5] & [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/5D*.html#58.2 5.58.2]; [[Ovid]], ''[[Metamorphoses]]'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Ov.+Met.+3.1&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0028:book=:chapter=&highlight=Agenor 3.8], [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Ov.+Met.+3.95&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0028:book=:chapter=&highlight=Agenor 3.97] & [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Ov.+Met.+4.563&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0028:book=:chapter=&highlight=Agenor 4.563], ''[[Epistulae ex Ponto]]'' [https://topostext.org/work/664#1.3.49 1.3.77]; Apollodorus, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+3.1.1&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:book=:chapter=&highlight=Agenor 3.1.1]; Hyginus, ''Fabulae'' [https://topostext.org/work/206#6 6], [https://topostext.org/work/206#76 76], [https://topostext.org/work/206#178 178], [https://topostext.org/work/206#274 274] & [https://topostext.org/work/206#275 275]; Lucian, ''De dea Syria'' [https://topostext.org/work/340#4 4]; [[Parian Chronicle|Marmor Parium]], ''Chronicle'' [https://topostext.org/work/119#8 8]; Malalas, ''Chronographia'' [https://topostext.org/work/793#2.30 2.30] & [https://topostext.org/work/793#2.39 39]; Pausanias, [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+3.15.8&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160:book=:chapter=&highlight=Agenor 3.15.8]; Nonnus, ''Dionysiaca'' [https://topostext.org/work/529#2.1 2.3], [https://topostext.org/work/529#2.679 2.680], [https://topostext.org/work/529#2.699 2.699], [https://topostext.org/work/529#5.212 3.218] & [https://topostext.org/work/529#44.82 44.101]; Tzetzes, ''Chiliades'' [https://topostext.org/work/617#12.110 12.112]; [[Aristophanes]], ''Frogs'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Aristoph.+Frogs+1206&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0032:book=:chapter=&highlight=Agenor 1225–1226]; [[Eusebius]], ''[[Praeparatio evangelica]]'' [https://topostext.org/work/230#2.2.1 2.2.1] & [https://topostext.org/work/230#10.4.4 10.4.4]</ref> [[Cilix]],<ref>Herodotus, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hdt.+7.91.1&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0126:book=:chapter=&highlight=Agenor 7.91.1]; [[Scholia]]st on [[Euripides]], ''[[The Phoenician Women|Phoenissae]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+3.1.1&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:book=3:chapter=1&highlight=euripides 6]; Apollodorus, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+3.1.1&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:book=:chapter=&highlight=Agenor 3.1.1]; Hyginus, ''Fabulae'' [https://topostext.org/work/206#178 178]; Nonnus, ''Dionysiaca'' [https://topostext.org/work/529#2.679 2.685]; Malalas, ''Chronographia'' [https://topostext.org/work/793#2.30 2.30]–[https://topostext.org/work/793#2.31 31]</ref> [[Phoenix (son of Agenor)|Phoenix]],<ref>Scholiast on Euripides, ''Phoenissae'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+3.1.1&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:book=3:chapter=1&highlight=euripides 6]; Apollodorus, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+3.1.1&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:book=:chapter=&highlight=Agenor 3.1.1]; Hyginus, ''Fabulae'' [https://topostext.org/work/206#178 178]; [[Dictys Cretensis]], [https://topostext.org/work/152#1.9 1.9]; [[Antoninus Liberalis]], [https://topostext.org/work/216#40 40]; Malalas, ''Chronographia'' [https://topostext.org/work/793#2.30 2.30]–[https://topostext.org/work/793#2.31 31]; [[Suda]], s.v. ''[https://topostext.org/work/240#phi.787 Phoenician letters]''</ref> [[Phineus]],<ref>Apollonius Rhodius, ''Argonautica'' [https://topostext.org/work/126#2.178 2.178], [https://topostext.org/work/126#2.178 2.236–237], [https://topostext.org/work/126#2.240 2.240], [https://topostext.org/work/126#2.291 2.293–294], [https://topostext.org/work/126#2.426 2.426], [https://topostext.org/work/126#2.490 2.490], [https://topostext.org/work/126#2.593 2.618] & [https://topostext.org/work/126#3.938 3.943] with scholia on 2.178; Apollodorus, [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.9.21&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:book=:chapter=&highlight=Agenor 1.9.21]; [[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]], ''Fabulae'' [https://topostext.org/work/206#14.3 14], [https://topostext.org/work/206#19 19], [https://topostext.org/work/206#76 76]; [[Dictys Cretensis]], [https://topostext.org/work/152#3.5 3.5]; ''[[Orphic Argonautica]]'' [https://topostext.org/work/549#680 680 ff.]; [[Valerius Flaccus (poet)|Valerius Flaccus]], [https://www.theoi.com/Text/ValeriusFlaccus4.html 4.444], [https://www.theoi.com/Text/ValeriusFlaccus4.html 522] & [https://www.theoi.com/Text/ValeriusFlaccus4.html 582]</ref> [[Thasus]]<ref>Scholiast on ''Euripides, Phoenissae'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+3.1.1&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:book=3:chapter=1&highlight=euripides 6]; [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+5.25.12&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160:book=:chapter=&highlight=Agenor 5.25.12]; Nonnus, ''Dionysiaca'' [https://topostext.org/work/529#2.679 2.684]</ref> and sometimes, [[Syrus|Syros]]<ref>Malalas, ''Chronographia'' [https://topostext.org/work/793#2.30 2.30]–[https://topostext.org/work/793#2.31 31] & [https://topostext.org/work/793#2.34 34]</ref> and [[Cepheus (father of Andromeda)|Cepheus]].<ref>Nonnus, ''Dionysiaca'' [https://topostext.org/work/529#2.679 2.682–683]</ref> Agenor's wife was variously given as [[Telephassa]],<ref name=":2">Apollodorus, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+3.1.1&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:book=:chapter=&highlight=Agenor 3.1.1]</ref> [[Argiope (mythology)|Argiope]],<ref>Hyginus, ''Fabulae'' [https://topostext.org/work/206#6 6] & [https://topostext.org/work/206#178 178]</ref><ref name=":1" /> [[Antiope (Greek myth)|Antiope]],<ref name=":0">[[Scholia]]st on [[Euripides]], ''Phoenician Women'' 5; Tzetzes, ''Chiliades'' [https://topostext.org/work/617#7.159 7.165–166]</ref> and [[Tyro (mythology)|Tyro]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Gomme|first=A. W.|title=The Legend of Cadmus and the Logographoi|journal=JHS|year=1913|page=70}}</ref> with the latter giving her name to the city of Tyre.<ref name=":3">[[John Malalas|Malalas]], [https://topostext.org/work/793#2.30 2.30]</ref> According to [[Pherecydes of Athens]], his first wife was [[Damno (mythology)|Damno]], daughter of Belus, who bore him Phoenix and two daughters, [[Isaia (mythology)|Isaia]] and [[Melia (mythology)|Melia]], who married Aegyptus and Danaus, respectively; Agenor then fathered Cadmus with Argiope, daughter of the river-god [[Nilus (mythology)|Neilus]].<ref name=":1">Gantz, p. 208; [[Pherecydes of Athens|Pherecydes]] fr. 21 Fowler 2000, p. 289 = ''[[FGrHist]]'' 3 F 21 = Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius,&nbsp;''Argonautica'' 3.1177-87f</ref>

In the ''[[Iliad]]'', however, Europa was clearly a daughter of Phoenix.<ref>{{Iliad|en|14|321|22|ref}}</ref> Either Cadmus or Europa were confirmed as children of Phoenix by the ''Ehoeae'' attributed to [[Hesiod]],<ref>[[Hesiod]], ''[[Catalogue of Women|Ehoiai]]'' 19a as cited in [[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|''Oxyrhynchus Papyri'' 1358]] fr. 1 and Scholiast on Homer, ''Iliad'' 12.292</ref> [[Bacchylides]],<ref>[[Bacchylides]], ''[[Dithyramb]]s'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Bacchyl.+Dith.+17&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0064:book=:chapter=&highlight=Phoenix 17.31]</ref> [[Moschus]]<ref>[[Moschus]], ''Europa'' [https://www.theoi.com/Text/Moschus.html#2 7]</ref> and various [[scholia]].<ref>Scholiast on [[Plato]], ''[[Timaeus (dialogue)|Timaeus]]'' 24e; on Apollonius Rhodius, ''Argonautica'' 3.1186; Malalas, ''Chronographia'' [https://topostext.org/work/793#2.30 2.30]</ref> Cilix and Phineus were also sons of Phoenix according to Pherecydes, who also added an otherwise unknown son named [[Doryclus]].<ref>Pherecydes, fr. 86 Fowler 2000, p. 320 = ''[[FGrHist]]'' 3 F 86</ref>

Most later sources listed Cadmus and Cilix as sons of Agenor directly without mentioning Phoenix. On the rare occasions when he was mentioned, Phoenix was listed as the brother of Cadmus and Cilix. Whether he was included as a brother of Agenor or as a son, his role in mythology was limited to inheriting his father's kingdom and to becoming the eponym of the [[Phoenicia]]ns. All accounts agreed on a Phoenician king who has several children, including the two sons named Cadmus and Cilix and a daughter named Europa.

A certain [[Eidothea (Greek myth)|Eidothea]], wife of Phineus, was called the sister of Cadmus and thus maybe the daughter of Agenor.<ref>Scholia on [[Sophocles]], ''Antigone'' 989</ref><ref>[[Richard Claverhouse Jebb|Sir Richard C. Jebb]]. ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0023%3Atext%3Dcomm%3Acommline%3D966 Commentary on Sophocles: Antigone, 966]''</ref> [[Taygete]], usually one of the [[Pleiades (Greek mythology)|Pleiades]] and mother of [[Lacedaemon (mythology)|Lacedemon]] by [[Zeus]] was also said to be the daughter of Agenor.<ref>Dictys Cretensis, [https://topostext.org/work/152#1.9 1.9]</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+<big>Comparative table of Agenor's family</big>
|-
! rowspan="3" |Relation
! rowspan="3" |Names
! colspan="18" |Sources
|-
!''Hes.''
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |''Pher.''
!''Bacc.''
!''Euripides''
!''Sophoc.''
! rowspan="2" |''Hdt.''
! colspan="2" |''Apollon.''
! rowspan="2" |''Dio.''
! rowspan="2" |''Val.''
! rowspan="2" |''Apd.''
! rowspan="2" |''Dic.''
!''Hyg.''
! rowspan="2" |''Pau.''
! rowspan="2" |''Non.''
! rowspan="2" |''Tzet.''
! rowspan="2" |''Mal.''
|-
|''[[Catalogue of Women|Ehoiai]]''
|''Dithy.''
|''Sch. Phoe.''
|''Sch. Anti.''
|''Arg.''
|''Sch.''
|''Fab.''
|-
| rowspan="2" |''Parents''
|Poseidon and Libya
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|Belus
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| rowspan="5" |''Wife''
|Damno
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|Argiope
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|Antiope
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|Telephassa
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| rowspan="12" |''Children''
|Europa
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|Cadmus
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|Phoenix
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|Cilix
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|Isaia
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|Melia
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|Eidothea
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|Phineus
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|✓<ref>Even though Phineus was called the son of Agenor according to Apollodorus, his mother may be different because only three sons (Cadmus, Phoenix and Cilix) were born to Agenor and Telephassa.</ref>
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|Syros
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==Mythology==
[[File:Rape of Eurpoa by Jacob Jordaens.jpg|thumb|''[[The Rape of Europa (Jordaens)|The Rape of Europa]]'',  a painting by [[Jacob Jordaens]] (1615 version)]]
[[Zeus]] saw Agenor's daughter [[Europa (consort of Zeus)|Europa]] gathering flowers and immediately fell in love with her. Zeus transformed himself into a white bull and carried Europa away to the island of [[Crete]]. He then revealed his true identity and Europa became the first queen of Crete. Agenor, meanwhile, sent Europa's brothers, Cadmus and Cilix in search of her, telling them not to return without her. In some versions of the tale, Agenor sends her other brothers as well: Phineus or Thasus (and of course Phoenix in the versions in which Cadmus's father is Agenor).

As Europa could not be found, none of the brothers returned.<ref>Apollodorus, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+3.1.1&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:book=:chapter=&highlight=Agenor 3.1.1]; Hyginus, ''Fabulae'' [https://topostext.org/work/206#178 178]</ref> Cadmus consulted the [[oracle]] of [[Delphi]] and was advised to travel until encountering a [[cow]]. He was to follow this cow and to found a city where the cow would lie down; this city became [[Thebes, Greece|Thebes]]. Cilix searched for her and settled down in [[Asia Minor]].  The land was called [[Cilicia]] after him.

According to the chronicler [[John Malalas|Malalas]], when Agenor was about to die, he ordered that all the land he had conquered be divided among his three sons. Phoenix took Tyre and its hinterland, and called the country Phoenicia after himself. Similarly, Syros call the country allotted to him Syria. Likewise, Cilix called the latitudes allotted to him Cilicia.<ref>Malalas, ''Chronographia'' [https://topostext.org/work/793#2.31 2.31]</ref>

==Identity and deeds==
[[Virgil]] called [[Carthage]] the city of Agenor,<ref>[[Virgil]], ''[[Aeneid]]'' 1.338</ref> by which he alluded to the descent of [[Dido (Queen of Carthage)|Dido]] from Agenor. German [[philology|philologist]] [[Philipp Karl Buttmann]] pointed out that the genuine [[Phoenicia]]n name of Agenor was ''Chnas'' or ''Khna'', which was the same as [[Canaan]], and upon these facts he built the hypothesis that Agenor or Chnas was the same as the Canaan in the books of [[Moses]].<ref name="DGRBM">{{Cite book  | last = Schmitz  | first = Leonhard  | contribution = Agenor (1)  | editor-last = Smith  | editor-first = William  | title = [[Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology]]  | volume = 1  | pages = 68  | publisher = [[Little, Brown and Company]]  | place = Boston  | year = 1867  | contribution-url = http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/0077.html  | access-date = 2008-05-16  | archive-date = 2013-10-12  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131012030356/http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/0077.html  | url-status = dead  }}</ref> [[Quintus Curtius Rufus]] considered Agenor to have been the founder of [[Sidon]], and he was also popularly supposed to have introduced the [[Phoenician alphabet]], which was later taught by [[Cadmus]] to the Greeks and became the foundation of their own writing system.<ref>{{cite book  | last = Raleigh  | first = Walter  | author-link = Walter Raleigh  | editor = [[William Oldys]]  | title = The Works of Sir Walter Raleigh  | publisher =   Oxford University Press| pages = 224, 274–278  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3vGAz5Gs3JEC  | year = 1829 }}</ref>

== Argive family tree ==
{{Argive genealogy in Greek mythology}}

== Notes ==
{{Portal|Ancient Greece|Myths|}}{{Reflist}}

== References ==

* [[Aeschylus]], translated in two volumes. 2. ''Suppliant Women'' by Herbert Weir Smyth, Ph.D. Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press. 1926. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0016 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.] [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0015 Greek text available from the same website].
* [[Antoninus Liberalis]], ''The Metamorphoses of Antoninus Liberalis'' translated by Francis Celoria (Routledge 1992). [https://topostext.org/work/216 Online version at the Topos Text Project.]
* [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], ''The Library'' with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0022 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.] [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0021 Greek text available from the same website].
* [[Apollonius of Rhodes|Apollonius Rhodius]], ''[[Argonautica]]'' translated by Robert Cooper Seaton (1853–1915), R. C. Loeb Classical Library Volume 001. London, William Heinemann Ltd, 1912. [https://topostext.org/work/126 Online version at the Topos Text Project.]
* Apollonius Rhodius, ''Argonautica''. George W. Mooney. London. Longmans, Green. 1912. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0227 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
* [[Bacchylides]], ''Odes'' translated by Diane Arnson Svarlien. 1991. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0063%3Abook%3DDith Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.]
* Bacchylides, ''The Poems and Fragments''. Cambridge University Press. 1905. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0063 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
* [[Dictys Cretensis]]'', from The Trojan War.'' ''The Chronicles of Dictys of Crete and [[Dares Phrygius|Dares the Phrygian]]'' translated by Richard McIlwaine Frazer Jr. (1931–). Indiana University Press. 1966. [https://topostext.org/work/152 Online version at the Topos Text Project.]
* [[Diodorus Siculus]], ''[[Bibliotheca historica|The Library of History]]'' translated by [[Charles Henry Oldfather]]. Twelve volumes. [[Loeb Classical Library]]. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1989. Vol. 3. Books 4.59–8. [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/home.html Online version at Bill Thayer's Web Site]
* Diodorus Siculus, ''Bibliotheca Historica. Vol 1-2''. Immanel Bekker. Ludwig Dindorf. Friedrich Vogel. in aedibus B. G. Teubneri. Leipzig. 1888–1890. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0540 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
* [[Euripides]], ''The Tragedies of Euripides'' translated by T. A. Buckley. Bacchae. London. Henry G. Bohn. 1850. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0092 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.]
* Euripides, ''Euripidis Fabulae.'' ''vol. 3''. Gilbert Murray. Oxford. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 1913. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0091 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
* Fowler, R. L. (2000), ''Early Greek Mythography: Volume 1: Text and Introduction'', Oxford University Press, 2000. {{ISBN|978-0198147404}}.
* [[Gaius Julius Hyginus]], ''Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus'' translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. [https://topostext.org/work/206 Online version at the Topos Text Project.]
* [[Valerius Flaccus (poet)|Gaius Valerius Flaccus]], ''Argonautica'' translated by Mozley, J H. Loeb Classical Library Volume 286. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1928. [http://www.theoi.com/Text/ValeriusFlaccus1.html Online version at theio.com.]
* Gaius Valerius Flaccus, ''Argonauticon.'' Otto Kramer. Leipzig. Teubner. 1913. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2007.01.0058 Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library.]
* [[Timothy Gantz|Gantz, Timothy]], ''Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources'', Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, Two volumes: {{ISBN|978-0-8018-5360-9}} (Vol. 1), {{ISBN|978-0-8018-5362-3}} (Vol. 2).
* [[Herodotus]], ''The Histories'' with an English translation by A. D. Godley. Cambridge. Harvard University Press. 1920. [https://topostext.org/work/22 Online version at the Topos Text Project.] [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0125 Greek text available at Perseus Digital Library].
* [[Hesiod]], ''Catalogue of Women'' from ''Homeric Hymns, Epic Cycle, Homerica'' translated by Evelyn-White, H G. Loeb Classical Library Volume 57. London: William Heinemann, 1914. [http://www.theoi.com/Text/HesiodCatalogues.html Online version at theio.com]
* [[Homer]], [[Iliad|''The Iliad'']] with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0134 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.]
* Homer, ''Homeri Opera'' in five volumes. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 1920. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0133 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
* [[Lucian|Lucian of Samosata]], ''Dialogues of the Sea Gods'' translated by Fowler, H W and F G. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. 1905. [http://www.theoi.com/Text/LucianDialoguesGods2.html Online version at theoi.com]
* Luciani Samosatensis, ''Opera. Vol I.'' Karl Jacobitz. in aedibus B. G. Teubneri. Leipzig. 1896. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0525 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
* [[Servius (grammarian)|Maurus Servius Honoratus]], ''In Vergilii carmina comentarii. Servii Grammatici qui feruntur in Vergilii carmina commentarii;'' recensuerunt Georgius Thilo et Hermannus Hagen. Georgius Thilo. Leipzig. B. G. Teubner. 1881. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0053 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library].
* [[Moschus]], ''Europa from'' ''The Greek Bucolic Poets'' edited by J. M. (John Maxwell) Edmonds. William Heinemann; G. P. Putnam's Sons. London; New York. 1919. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0644 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
* [[Nonnus|Nonnus of Panopolis]], ''Dionysiaca'' translated by William Henry Denham Rouse (1863–1950), from the Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1940.  [https://topostext.org/work/529 Online version at the Topos Text Project.]
* Nonnus of Panopolis, ''Dionysiaca. 3 Vols.'' W.H.D. Rouse. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1940–1942. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0485 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
* [[Argonautica Orphica|''The Orphic Argonautica'']], translated by Jason Colavito.  Copyright 2011. [https://topostext.org/work/549 Online version at the Topos Text Project.]
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* Pausanias, ''Graeciae Descriptio.'' ''3 vols''. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903.  [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0159 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
* [[Ovid|Publius Ovidius Naso]], ''Letters From Pontus'' translated by A. S. Kline,  Copyright 2003. [https://topostext.org/work/664 Online version at the Topos Text Project.]
* Publius Ovidius Naso, ''Ex Ponto''. Arthur Leslie Wheeler. Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press. 1939. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0493 Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
* Publius Ovidius Naso, ''[[Metamorphoses]]'' translated by Brookes More (1859–1942). Boston, Cornhill Publishing Co. 1922. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0028 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.]
* Publius Ovidius Naso, ''Metamorphoses.'' Hugo Magnus. Gotha (Germany). Friedr. Andr. Perthes. 1892. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0029 Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
* [[Statius|Publius Papinius Statius]]'', [[Achilleid|The Achilleid]]'' translated by Mozley, J H. Loeb Classical Library Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1928. [https://topostext.org/work/813 Online version at the Topos Text Project.]
* Publius Papinius Statius, ''The Achilleid. Vol. II''. John Henry Mozley. London: William Heinemann; New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 1928. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0500 Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library.]
* [[Virgil|Publius Vergilius Maro]], ''Aeneid.'' Theodore C. Williams. trans. Boston. Houghton Mifflin Co. 1910. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0054%3Abook%3D1%3Acard%3D1 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.]
* Publius Vergilius Maro, ''Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics''. J. B. Greenough. Boston. Ginn & Co. 1900. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0055 Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
*{{cite encyclopedia|last=Schachter|first=A.|editor1-last=Hornblower|editor1-first=Simon|editor2-last=Spawforth|editor2-first=Antony|editor3-last=Eidinow|editor3-first=Esther|dictionary=The Oxford Classical Dictionary|date=2012|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-954556-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bVWcAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA38 |language=en|entry=Agenor|page=38}}
*[[Sophocles]], ''The Oedipus Tyrannus of Sophocles e''dited with introduction and notes by Sir Richard Jebb. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press. 1893. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0192 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.]
*Sophocles, ''Sophocles. Vol 1: Oedipus the king. Oedipus at Colonus. Antigone''. With an English translation by F. Storr. The Loeb classical library, 20. Francis Storr. London; New York. William Heinemann Ltd.; The Macmillan Company. 1912. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0191 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
*[[Suda|Suida]], ''Suda Encyclopedia'' translated by Ross Scaife, David Whitehead, William Hutton, Catharine Roth, Jennifer Benedict, Gregory Hays, Malcolm Heath Sean M. Redmond, Nicholas Fincher, Patrick Rourke, Elizabeth Vandiver, Raphael Finkel, Frederick Williams, Carl Widstrand, Robert Dyer, Joseph L. Rife, Oliver Phillips and many others. [https://topostext.org/work/240 Online version at the Topos Text Project.]
*[[John Tzetzes|Tzetzes, John]], ''Book of Histories,'' Book VII-VIII translated by Vasiliki Dogani from the original Greek of T. Kiessling's edition of 1826. [http://www.theoi.com/Text/TzetzesChiliades7.html Online version at theio.com]

[[Category:Kings of Tyre]]
[[Category:Kings in Greek mythology]]
[[Category:Children of Poseidon]]
[[Category:Agenorides]]
[[Category:Phoenician characters in Greek mythology]]
[[Category:Phoenician mythology]]