Editing Adrian Lamo

{{short description|American hacker and threat analyst (1981–2018)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name               = Adrián Lamo
| honorific_suffix   = 
| image              = Adrian Lamo.png
| caption            = Lamo {{circa|2001}}
| native_name_lang   = es
| birth_name         = Adrián Alfonso Lamo Atwood
| birth_date         = {{birth date|1981|2|20}}
| death_date         = {{death date and age|2018|3|14|1981|2|20}}
| birth_place        = [[Malden, Massachusetts]], U.S.
| death_place        = [[Wichita, Kansas]], U.S.
| other_names        = Adrián Lamo, R. Adrián Lamo
| occupation         = [[Threat analyst]], journalist
| years_active       = 1999–2018
| employer           = ProjectVIGILANT
| known_for          = Computer hacking, reporting [[Chelsea Manning]] to the Army's Criminal Investigation Command
| notable_works      = Appeared on ''[[Hackers Wanted]]'', ''[[We Steal Secrets]]'', ''[[Good Morning America]]'', ''[[Democracy Now!]]'', ''[[Aquí y Ahora (TV series)|Aqui y Ahora]]'', and other media outlets, including cover stories in ''[[Information Week]]'' and ''[[SF Weekly]]''
| television         = TechTV, KCRA Channel 3 News
| title              = Assistant Director for Threat Intelligence
| criminal_penalty   = two years' probation, with six months to be served in home detention, and ordered to pay $65,000 in restitution<ref name=Sentence>{{cite web|url=https://www.informationweek.com/hacker-lamo-sentenced-to-home-detention/d/d-id/1026218|title=Hacker Lamo Sentenced To Home Detention|last=Hulme|first=George V.|date=July 15, 2004|work=InformationWeek|access-date=May 12, 2018 }}</ref>
| criminal_status    = In 2004, pleaded guilty to one felony count in SDNY to hacking ''The New York Times'' and Microsoft, Oracle and Johnson and Johnson, subsequently informed them, and helped fix their security holes
| spouse             = {{marriage|Lauren Fisher|2007|2011|reason=divorced}}
| website            = {{Official URL}}
}}

'''Adrián Alfonso Lamo Atwood'''<ref name="nyt obit"/> (February 20, 1981 – March 14, 2018) was an American threat analyst<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/profile/adrian-lamo|title=Adrian Lamo|work=The Guardian|date=January 3, 2013|access-date=December 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/felon|title=Adrian Lamo on Facebook|author=Adrian Lamo|website=[[Facebook]] |date=November 17, 2013|access-date=November 17, 2013}}</ref> and [[Hacker (computer security)|hacker]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/hacker-adrian-lamo-expected-to-testify-today-at-bradley-manning-court-martial/2013/06/04/ef380986-cd1e-11e2-8f6b-67f40e176f03_story.html|title=Hacker Adrian Lamo testifies at WikiLeaks suspect Bradley Manning's court-martial|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=June 4, 2013|access-date=September 7, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022220012/http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-06-04/world/39729591_1_hacker-adrian-lamo-ashden-fein-manning-s|archive-date=October 22, 2013}}</ref> Lamo first gained media attention for breaking into several high-profile computer networks, including those of ''[[The New York Times]]'', [[Yahoo!]], and [[Microsoft]], culminating in his 2003 arrest.<ref name=kahn>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/12.04/hacker_pr.html|title=Wired 12.04: The Homeless Hacker v. The New York Times|magazine=Wired|access-date=August 25, 2013}}</ref>

Lamo was best known for reporting U.S. soldier [[Chelsea Manning]] to Army criminal investigators in 2010<ref name="FeltIsolated">{{Cite news|title=Alleged Army Whistleblower Felt "Isolated"|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/alleged-army-whistleblower-felt-isolated/|date=July 7, 2010|work=CBS News}}</ref> for [[internet leak|leaking]] hundreds of thousands of sensitive U.S. government documents to [[WikiLeaks]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=es&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semana.com%2Fgente%2Farticulo%2Fel-hacker-sabia-demasiado%2F125731-3&edit-text=|title=SEMANA {{!}} El Hacker Que Sabia Demasiado|date=December 11, 2010|work=SEMANA {{!}} Ideas Que Lideran|access-date=May 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160525185620/http://www.semana.com/gente/articulo/el-hacker-sabia-demasiado/125731-3|archive-date=May 25, 2016|quote=This is the story of Adrian Lamo, the cyber-pirate of Colombian origin who revealed to US authorities who leaked the information [about] WikiLeaks. [via Google Translate/]|via=SEMANA original story}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.quora.com/Did-Adri%C3%A1n-Lamo-ever-help-an-Indian-company-or-the-Indian-government/answer/Adri%C3%A1n-Lamo|title=Adrián Lamo's answer to Did Adrián Lamo ever help an Indian company or the Indian government?|website=quora.com|access-date=September 5, 2017}}</ref> Lamo died on March 14, 2018, at the age of 37.<ref name=":0" />

==Early life and education==
Adrian Lamo was born in [[Malden, Massachusetts]].<ref name="nyt obit"/><ref name="mpalm03">{{cite news
| last=Palmquist
| first=Matt
| title=A Duty to Hack
| newspaper=[[SF Weekly]]
| date=April 16, 2003
| url=http://www.sfweekly.com/2003-04-16/news/a-duty-to-hack/full/
| access-date=June 8, 2013
| archive-date=July 14, 2013
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130714135628/http://www.sfweekly.com/2003-04-16/news/a-duty-to-hack/full
| url-status=dead
}}</ref> His father, Mario Ricardo Lamo, was 
.<ref name="AA">{{cite web|url=http://www.alfonsoarjona.net/2011/02/23/hackers-historicos-adrian-lamo/|title=Historical hackers: Adrian Lamo|date=February 23, 2011|publisher=Alfonso Arjona|access-date=March 19, 2018|archive-date=March 19, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319213749/http://www.alfonsoarjona.net/2011/02/23/hackers-historicos-adrian-lamo/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Adrian Lamo attended high schools in [[Bogotá]] and San Francisco,<ref name="nyt obit">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/17/obituaries/adrian-lamo-dead.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/17/obituaries/adrian-lamo-dead.html |archive-date=2022-01-01 |url-access=limited|title=Adrián Lamo, Hacker Who Reported Chelsea Manning to the F.B.I., Dies at 37|newspaper=The New York Times|date=March 17, 2018|author=Mays, Jeffrey C.}}{{cbignore}}</ref> from which he did not graduate,<ref name=HacksSquats>{{cite magazine |last=Shachtman |first=Noah |date=March 6, 2002 |title=He Hacks by Day, Squats by Night |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |access-date=February 24, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080427024818/http://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/2002/03/50811 |archive-date=April 27, 2008 |url-status=live |url=https://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/2002/03/50811 |quote=[...] the suits weren't about to pay attention to some hacker kid who didn't even have a high school diploma. }}</ref><ref>[http://www.informationweek.com/with-friends-like-this/d/d-id/1015608 "With Friends Like This"]. ''InformationWeek''.</ref><ref>[http://www.sfweekly.com/2003-04-16/news/a-duty-to-hack/2/ "A Duty to Hack"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012110437/http://www.sfweekly.com/2003-04-16/news/a-duty-to-hack/2/ |date=October 12, 2013 }}. ''SF Weekly''.</ref> but received a [[General Educational Development|GED]] and was court-ordered to take courses at [[American River College]],<ref>Mills, Elinor. "[http://news.cnet.com/8301-1009_3-10271162-83.html Q&A: Adrian Lamo, the hacker philosopher] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805181134/http://news.cnet.com/8301-1009_3-10271162-83.html |date=August 5, 2009 }}." ''[[CNET]]''. June 24, 2009. Retrieved February 24, 2014. "In terms of higher education, I was court-ordered to attend school after I was arrested and I studied journalism at American River College in Carmichael, Calif."</ref> a community college in [[Sacramento County, California]].<ref>{{cite magazine|author1=Shachtman, Noah|title=Adrian Lamo Cuts Deal With Feds|url=http://archive.wired.com/techbiz/it/news/2004/01/61831?currentPage=all|magazine=Wired|date=September 1, 2004|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015202422/http://archive.wired.com/techbiz/it/news/2004/01/61831?currentPage=all|archive-date=October 15, 2015}}</ref><ref>[http://news.cnet.com/8301-1009_3-10271162-83.html "Q&A: Adrian Lamo, the hacker philosopher"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805181134/http://news.cnet.com/8301-1009_3-10271162-83.html |date=August 5, 2009 }}. CNET (CBS Interactive).</ref> Lamo began his hacking efforts by hacking games on the [[Commodore 64]] and through [[Phreaking|phone phreaking]].<ref name=":1" />

==Activities and legal issues==
Lamo first became known for operating [[AOL]] [[Watchdog journalism|watchdog]] site ''Inside-AOL.com''.<ref>
{{cite news
 |last = Brown
 |first = Janelle
 |title = Can AOL silence its critics?
 |work = [[Salon.com|Salon]]
 |date = July 1, 1999
 |url = http://archive.salon.com/tech/log/1999/07/01/inside_aol/
 |access-date = February 1, 2006
 |url-status = dead
 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060512131351/http://archive.salon.com/tech/log/1999/07/01/inside_aol/
 |archive-date = May 12, 2006
 |df = mdy-all
}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite web
| last=Poulsen
| first=Kevin
| author-link=Kevin Poulsen
| title=Hijackers take AIM accounts
| website=[[SecurityFocus]]
| date=November 29, 2000
| url=http://www.securityfocus.com/news/119
| access-date=February 1, 2006}}
</ref>

===Security compromise===
Lamo was a [[grey hat hacker]] who viewed the rise of the [[World Wide Web]] with a mixture of excitement and alarm. He felt that others failed to see the importance of internet security in the Web's early days. Lamo broke into corporate computer systems but never damaged them. Instead, he would offer to fix the security flaws free of charge, and if the flaw was not fixed, he would alert the media.<ref name="HacksSquats" /> Lamo hoped to be hired by a corporation to attempt to break into systems and test their security, a practice that came to be known as [[red team]]ing. But by the time this practice was common, his felony conviction prevented him from being hired.<ref name=":1" />

In December 2001, [[Worldcom]] praised Lamo for helping to fortify its corporate security.<ref>{{cite news|last=Poulsen|first=Kevin|title=FBI reportedly hunting Adrian Lamo|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2003/09/05/fbi_reportedly_hunting_adrian_lamo/|work=The Register}}</ref> In February 2002, he broke into the internal computer network of ''[[The New York Times]]'', added his name to the internal database of expert sources, and used the paper's [[LexisNexis]] account to research high-profile subjects. ''The New York Times'' filed a complaint, and a warrant for Lamo's arrest was issued in August 2003 following a 15-month investigation by federal prosecutors in New York. At 10:15&nbsp;a.m. on September 9, after spending a few days in hiding, he surrendered to the [[United States Marshals Service|US Marshals]] in [[Sacramento, California]]. He surrendered to the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] in New York City on September 11, and pleaded guilty to one felony count of [[computer crime]]s against [[Microsoft]], [[LexisNexis]], and ''The New York Times'' on January 8, 2004.<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Noah|last=Shachtman|url=https://www.wired.com/techbiz/it/news/2004/01/61831|title=Adrian Lamo Cuts Deal With Feds|magazine=Wired|access-date=August 25, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Kevin Poulsen|url=http://www.securityfocus.com/news/7771|title=Lamo Pleads Guilty to Times Hack|website=Securityfocus.com|date=January 8, 2004|access-date=August 25, 2013|archive-date=July 23, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723172136/http://www.securityfocus.com/news/7771|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In July 2004, Lamo was sentenced to two years' probation with six months to be served in home detention and ordered to pay $65,000 in restitution.<ref name=Sentence/> He was convicted of compromising security at ''The New York Times'', Microsoft,<ref>
{{cite web
| last=Lemos
| first=Robert
| title=Hacker helps Excite@Home toughen defenses
| website=[[CNET News]]
| date=May 29, 2001
| url=http://news.cnet.com/2100-1001-261728.html
| access-date=January 21, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090806225209/http://news.cnet.com/2100-1001-261728.html|archive-date=August 6, 2009|url-status=live}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite web
| last=Poulsen
| first=Kevin
| author-link=Kevin Poulsen
| title=Proxy exposes Excite@Home data
| website=[[SecurityFocus]]
| date=May 5, 2001
| url=http://www.securityfocus.com/news/209
| access-date=April 24, 2006}}
</ref> [[Yahoo!]],<ref>
{{cite web
| last=Poulsen
| first=Kevin
| author-link=Kevin Poulsen
| title=Yahoo! News hacked
| website=[[SecurityFocus]]
| date=September 9, 2001
| url=http://www.securityfocus.com/news/254
| access-date=January 21, 2006}}
</ref> and WorldCom.<ref>
{{cite web
| last=Poulsen
| first=Kevin
| author-link=Kevin Poulsen
| title=Lamo's Adventures in WorldCom
| website=[[SecurityFocus]]
| date=December 5, 2001
| url=http://www.securityfocus.com/news/296
| access-date=January 21, 2006}}
</ref>

When challenged for a response to allegations that he was glamorizing crime for the sake of publicity, he responded: "Anything I could say about my person or my actions would only cheapen what they have to say for themselves". When approached for comment during his criminal case, Lamo frustrated reporters with [[Non sequitur (literary device)|non-sequiturs]], such as "Faith manages"<ref>
{{cite web
| last=McCullagh
| first=Declan
| author-link=Declan McCullagh
| title=The 'homeless hacker' talks
| website=[[CNET News]]
| date=September 16, 2003
| url=http://news.cnet.com/2008-1014_3-5076942.html
| access-date=January 21, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104163640/http://news.cnet.com/2008-1014_3-5076942.html|archive-date=November 4, 2012|url-status=live}}
</ref> and "It's a beautiful day."<ref>
{{cite web
| last=McCullagh
| first=Declan
| author-link=Declan McCullagh
| title=Judge Lifts Hacker's PC Restrictions
| website=[[CNET News]]
| date=September 12, 2003
| url=http://news.cnet.com/Judge-lifts-hacker%27s-PC-restrictions/2100-1002_3-5076124.html
| access-date=January 21, 2006}}
</ref>

At his sentencing, Lamo expressed remorse for the harm his intrusions had caused. The court record quotes him as adding: "I want to answer for what I have done and do better with my life."<ref>
{{cite web
| last=Poulsen
| first=Kevin
| author-link=Kevin Poulsen
| title=Feds say Lamo inspired other hackers
| website=[[SecurityFocus]]
| date=September 15, 2004
| url=http://www.securityfocus.com/news/9520
| access-date=January 21, 2006}}
</ref>

He subsequently declared on the question-and-answer site [[Quora]]: "We all own our actions in fullness, not just the pleasant aspects of them." Lamo accepted that he had made mistakes.<ref>[https://www.quora.com/How-often-do-criminals-hand-themselves-in/answer/Adri%C3%A1n-Lamo "Adrián Lamo's answer to How often do criminals hand themselves in? – Quora"].</ref>

===DNA controversy===
[[File:Adrian Lamo bus station.jpg|thumb|right|Lamo in San Francisco in 2006]]
On May 9, 2006, 18 months into a two-year probation sentence, Lamo refused to give the [[Federal government of the United States|United States government]] a blood sample it had demanded to record his [[DNA]] in its [[Combined DNA Index System|CODIS]] system.<ref>
{{cite magazine
| last=Poulsen
| first=Kevin
| author-link=Kevin Poulsen
| title=Feds Want Hacker's Genetic Code
| magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]
| date=May 10, 2006
| url=https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2006/05/70869
| access-date=January 21, 2006}}
</ref> According to his attorney at the time, Lamo had a religious objection to giving blood but was willing to give his DNA in another form. On June 15, 2006, Lamo's lawyers filed a motion citing the [[Book of Genesis]] as one basis for Lamo's religious opposition to giving blood.

On June 20, 2007, Lamo's legal counsel reached a settlement agreement with the U.S. [[United States Department of Justice|Department of Justice]] whereby Lamo would submit a [[cheek swab]] instead of a blood sample.<ref>
{{cite magazine
| last=Poulsen
| first=Kevin
| author-link=Kevin Poulsen
| title=Hacker Adrian Lamo Wins, Won't Have to Give the FBI His Blood
| magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]
| date=June 21, 2007
| url=https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2007/06/hacker-adrian-l/
| access-date=March 18, 2018}}
</ref>

===WikiLeaks and Chelsea Manning===
{{See also|Chelsea Manning}}
In February 2009, a partial list of the anonymous donors to the [[WikiLeaks]] website was leaked and published on the site. Some media sources indicated at the time that Lamo was among the donors on the list.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytech.com/Wikileaks+Forced+to+Post+Its+Own+Secrets/article14328.htm|title=Wikileaks Forced to Post Its Own Secrets|website=DailyTech|access-date=December 20, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117071425/http://www.dailytech.com/Wikileaks+Forced+to+Post+Its+Own+Secrets/article14328.htm|archive-date=January 17, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=wikileaked>{{cite magazine|last=Singel|first=Ryan|url=https://www.wired.com/2009/02/wikileaks-force/|title=Wikileaks forced to leak its own secret info (Wired)|magazine=Wired|access-date=August 30, 2017}}</ref> Lamo commented on his [[Twitter]] page, "Thanks WikiLeaks, for leaking your donor list... That's dedication."<ref name=wikileaked />

In May 2010,<ref name=wiredIntAnarrest>{{cite magazine|last=Poulsen|first=Kevin|url=https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/06/leak/|title=U.S. Intelligence Analyst Arrested in Wikileaks Video Probe &#124; Threat Level|magazine=Wired|access-date=August 25, 2013}}</ref> Lamo informed U.S. Army authorities that Chelsea Manning had claimed to have leaked a large body of classified documents, including 260,000 classified United States diplomatic cables.<ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/08/world/08leaks.html|work=The New York Times|first=Elisabeth|last=Bumiller|title=Army Leak Suspect Is Turned In, by Ex-Hacker|date=June 7, 2010}}</ref> He said that Manning also "took credit for leaking" the video footage of the [[July 12, 2007, Baghdad airstrike]], which has since come to be known as the "[[July 12, 2007, Baghdad airstrike#Leaked video footage|Collateral Murder]]" video.<ref name="nytimes.com" /><ref>
{{cite news
| last=Sheridan
| first=Michael
| title=Report: Soldier Arrested for allegedly leaking 'Collateral Murder' helicopter video to WikiLeaks
| work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York
| date=June 7, 2010
| url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/2010/06/07/2010-06-07_spc_bradley_manning_allegedly_arrested_for_leaking_collateral_murder_helicopter_.html
| access-date=June 10, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100609062014/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/2010/06/07/2010-06-07_spc_bradley_manning_allegedly_arrested_for_leaking_collateral_murder_helicopter_.html|archive-date=June 9, 2010|url-status=live}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite news
| last=Fildes
| first=Jonathan
| title=Wikileaks site unfazed by arrest of US army 'source'
| work=BBC News
| date=June 8, 2010
| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/10265430.stm
| access-date=June 10, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610031746/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/10265430.stm|archive-date=June 10, 2010|url-status=live}}
</ref>

Lamo said he would not have turned Manning in "if lives weren't in danger". He characterized her as "in a war zone and basically trying to vacuum up as much classified information as [she] could and just throwing it up into the air."<ref name=wiredIntAnarrest /> WikiLeaks responded by denouncing Lamo and the [[Kevin Poulsen|author]] of the article as "notorious felons, informers & manipulators", and said: "journalists should take care."<ref name="nytimes.com" />

Lamo was a volunteer "adversary characterization" analyst for Project Vigilant, a Florida-based government contractor, which encouraged him to inform the government about the alleged WikiLeaks source. The head of Project Vigilant, Chet Uber, claimed, "I'm the one who called the U.S. government... All the people who say that Adrian is a narc, he did a patriotic thing. He sees all kinds of hacks, and he was seriously worried about people dying."<ref name="forbes">{{cite web |title=Andy Greenberg: Stealthy Government Contractor Monitors U.S. Internet Providers, Worked With Wikileaks Informant, August 1, 2010 |url=https://blogs.forbes.com/firewall/2010/08/01/stealthy-government-contractor-monitors-u-s-internet-providers-says-it-employed-wikileaks-informant/ |access-date=August 25, 2013 |website=Forbes}}</ref>

The [[Taliban insurgency]] later announced its intention to execute Afghan nationals named in the leaks as having cooperated with the U.S.-led coalition in Afghanistan. By that time, the U.S. had received months of advance warning that their names were among the leaks.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsweek.com/taliban-says-it-will-target-names-exposed-wikileaks-74257|title=Taliban Says It Will Target Names Exposed by WikiLeaks|date=July 30, 2010|newspaper=Newsweek|access-date=January 30, 2017}}</ref> Manning was arrested and incarcerated in the U.S. military justice system and later sentenced to 35 years in confinement. President [[Barack Obama]] commuted the sentence to seven years,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/17/us/politics/obama-commutes-bulk-of-chelsea-mannings-sentence.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/17/us/politics/obama-commutes-bulk-of-chelsea-mannings-sentence.html |archive-date=2022-01-01 |url-access=limited|title=Chelsea Manning to Be Released Early as Obama Commutes Sentence|last=Savage|first=Charlie|date=January 17, 2017|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=January 30, 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref> including time served.<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Poulsen|first1=Kevin|author-link=Kevin Poulsen|last2=Zetter|first2=Kim|author-link2=Kim Zetter|title=U.S. Intelligence Analyst Arrested in Wikileaks Video Probe|magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]|date=June 6, 2010|url=https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/06/leak/|access-date=June 7, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=US intelligence analyst arrested over security leaks|publisher=BBC|date=June 7, 2010|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/asia_pacific/10254072.stm|access-date=June 7, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100607184336/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/asia_pacific/10254072.stm|archive-date=June 7, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> Lamo responded to the commutation with a post on [[Medium (website)|Medium]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://medium.com/@lamo/a-statement-on-the-commutation-of-wikileaker-chelsea-mannings-sentence-from-the-man-who-busted-4faaff042960|title=A Statement On the Commutation of WikiLeaker Chelsea Manning's Sentence, From The Man Who Busted...|first=Adrián|last=Lamo|date=January 17, 2017}}</ref> and an interview with ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2017-01-18/hacker-who-turned-in-chelsea-manning-it-was-not-my-most-honorable-moment|title=Hacker Who Turned in Chelsea Manning: 'It Was Not My Most Honorable Moment'|last=Nelson|first=Steven|date=January 18, 2017|work=[[U.S. News & World Report]]}}</ref>{{Vague|date={{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}}}

Lamo characterized his decision to work with the government as morally ambiguous but objectively necessary, writing that "there were no right choices that day, only less wrong ones. It was cold, it was needful, and it was no one's to make except mine."<ref>{{cite news |last=Lamo |first=Adrian |date=January 3, 2013 |title=Bradley Manning and me: why I cannot regret turning in the WikiLeaks suspect |work=The Guardian |url=http://www.securityfocus.com/news/595 |access-date=March 20, 2013}}
</ref> Lamo was criticized by fellow hackers, such as those at the [[Hackers on Planet Earth]] conference in 2010, who labeled him a "[[Informant|snitch]]."<ref>Bhattacharya, Sanjiv (July 22, 2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20100722020415/http://www.aolnews.com/nation/article/wikileaks-snitch-hacker-adrian-lamo-faces-wrath-of-his-peers/19562042 "WikiLeaks 'Snitch' Hacker Faces Wrath of His Peers"]. ''[[AOL News]]''. Archived from [http://www.aolnews.com/nation/article/wikileaks-snitch-hacker-adrian-lamo-faces-wrath-of-his-peers/19562042 the original] on July 22, 2010. "According to [[Eric Corley|Emmanuel Goldstein]], who organized the panel discussion, 90 percent of the conference was anti-Lamo."</ref> Another told Lamo, following his speech during a panel discussion: "from my perspective, I see what you have done as treason."<ref>{{cite web |date=July 27, 2010 |title="WikiLeaks Is Not One Person...We Are All the Threat" – Hacker Magazine Editor Says WikiLeaks Is Bigger Than Julian Assange |url=http://www.democracynow.org/2010/7/27/wikileaks_is_not_one_personwe_are |access-date=August 25, 2013 |publisher=Democracynow.org}}</ref>

===Greenwald, Lamo, and ''Wired'' magazine===
Lamo's role in Manning's case drew criticism from [[Glenn Greenwald]], who suggested that Lamo lied to Manning by turning her in and then lied after the fact to cover up the circumstances of her confessions.<ref name=gg>
{{cite news
 |last = Greenwald
 |first = Glenn
 |author-link = Glenn Greenwald
 |title = The strange and consequential case of Bradley Manning, Adrian Lamo and WikiLeaks
 |work = [[Salon.com|Salon]]
 |date = June 18, 2010
 |url = http://www.salon.com/news/opinion/glenn_greenwald/2010/06/18/wikileaks
 |access-date = June 18, 2010
 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100621003856/http://www.salon.com/news/opinion/glenn_greenwald/2010/06/18/wikileaks
 |archive-date = June 21, 2010
 |url-status = dead
 |df = mdy-all
}}
</ref> In an article about the case, Greenwald mentioned ''Wired'' reporter [[Kevin Poulsen]]'s 1994 felony conviction for computer hacking and wrote that "over the years, Poulsen has served more or less as Lamo's personal media voice."<ref name=gg /> In an article titled "The Worsening Journalistic Disgrace at Wired", Greenwald wrote that ''Wired'' was "actively conceal[ing] from the public, for months on end, the key evidence [the full Lamo–Manning chat logs] in a political story that has generated headlines around the world."<ref>{{cite news|last=Greenwald|first=Glenn|author-link=Glenn Greenwald|url=http://www.salon.com/news/opinion/glenn_greenwald/2010/12/27/wired|title=The worsening journalistic disgrace at Wired|work=Salon|date=December 27, 2010|access-date=August 25, 2013}}</ref>

This drew a response from ''Wired'': "At his most reasonable, Greenwald impugns our motives, attacks the character of our staff and carefully selects his facts and sources to misrepresent the truth and generate outrage in his readership."<ref name="wiredgg">{{cite magazine |last=Hansen |first=Evan |date=December 31, 2010 |title=Putting the Record Straight on the Lamo–Manning Chat Logs &#124; Threat Level |url=https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/12/greenwald/ |magazine=Wired |access-date=August 25, 2013}}</ref>

On July 13, 2011, ''Wired'' published the Lamo–Manning chat logs in full, stating: "The most significant of the unpublished details have now been publicly established with sufficient authority that we no longer believe any purpose is served by withholding the logs."<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Hansen |first=Evan |date=July 13, 2011 |title=Manning–Lamo Chat Logs Revealed |url=https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/07/manning-lamo-logs/ |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |access-date=July 14, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714160225/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/07/manning-lamo-logs/ |archive-date=July 14, 2011}}</ref> Greenwald wrote that the logs validated his claim that ''Wired'' had concealed important evidence.<ref>{{cite news|title=Wired publishes the full Manning–Lamo chat logs|first=Glenn|last=Greenwald|author-link=Glenn Greenwald|url=http://www.salon.com/news/opinion/glenn_greenwald/2011/07/14/wired/index.html|newspaper=Salon|date=July 14, 2011|access-date=July 14, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715211508/http://www.salon.com/news/opinion/glenn_greenwald/2011/07/14/wired/index.html|archive-date=July 15, 2011}}</ref>

==Film and television==
On August 22, 2002, Lamo was removed from a segment of ''[[NBC Nightly News]]'' when, after being asked to demonstrate his skills for the camera, he gained access to NBC's internal network.<ref>
{{cite web
| last=Poulsen
| first=Kevin
| author-link=Kevin Poulsen
| title=Lamo Bumped from NBC After Hacking Them
| publisher=[[SecurityFocus]]
| date=August 27, 2002
| url=http://www.securityfocus.com/news/595
| access-date=January 2, 2007}}
</ref> NBC was concerned that it broke the law by taping Lamo while he possibly broke the law. Lamo was a guest on ''[[The Screen Savers]]'' five times beginning in 2002.<ref>
{{cite magazine
| last=Null
| first=Christopher
| author-link=Christopher Null
| title=Lamo Hacks Cingular Claims Site
| magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]
| date=May 29, 2003
| url=https://www.wired.com/politics/security/news/2003/05/59024
| access-date=June 15, 2010
}}</ref>

''[[Hackers Wanted]]'', a documentary film focusing on Lamo's life as a hacker, was produced by [[Trigger Street Productions]] and narrated by [[Kevin Spacey]].<ref name=film>{{cite magazine|last=Poulsen|first=Kevin|url=https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/05/hackers-wante/|title=Lost Hacking Documentary Surfaces on Pirate Bay &#124; Threat Level|magazine=Wired|date=May 21, 2010|access-date=August 25, 2013}}</ref> Focusing on the 2003 hacking scene, the film features interviews with [[Kevin Rose]] and [[Steve Wozniak]].<ref name=film /> The film has not been conventionally released. In May 2009, a video purporting to be a trailer for ''Hackers Wanted'' was allegedly leaked onto the Internet film site Eye Crave Network.<ref>
{{cite web|last=Goodsmith|first=Ed|date=May 5, 2009|title=Exclusive: Hackers Wanted (Documentary) Trailer!|url=https://www.eyecrave.net/2008/06/23/eyecravedvd-exclusive-can-you-hack-it-details/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090511190501/http://eyecrave.net/movies/movie/2521-exclusive-untitled-hacker-movie-can-you-hack-it-trailer/|archive-date=May 11, 2009|access-date=May 6, 2009|publisher=Eve Crave Network|df=mdy-all}}
</ref> In May 2010, an early cut of the film was leaked via [[BitTorrent (protocol)|BitTorrent]].<ref>
{{cite web
| last=enigmax
| title=Unreleased 'Hackers Wanted' Movie Leaks To BitTorrent
| publisher=[[TorrentFreak]]
| date=May 20, 2010
| url=http://torrentfreak.com/unreleased-hackers-wanted-movie-leaks-to-bittorrent-100520/
| access-date=May 20, 2010}}
</ref> According to an insider, what was leaked on the Internet was very different from the newer version, which includes additional footage. On June 12, 2010, a director's cut version of the film was leaked onto torrent sites.<ref>
{{cite web
| last=enigmax
| title=Director Sam Bozzo On BitTorrent and the Movie Industry
| publisher=[[TorrentFreak]]
| date=June 13, 2010
| url=http://torrentfreak.com/director-sam-bozzo-on-bittorrent-and-the-movie-industry-100613/
| access-date=June 13, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616060205/http://torrentfreak.com/director-sam-bozzo-on-bittorrent-and-the-movie-industry-100613/|archive-date=June 16, 2010|url-status=live}}
</ref>

Lamo also appeared on ''[[Good Morning America]]'', [[Fox News]], ''[[Democracy Now!]]'', ''[[Frontline (U.S. TV series)|Frontline]]'', and repeatedly on [[KCRA-TV]] News as an expert on netcentric crime and incidents. He was interviewed for the documentaries ''[[We Steal Secrets: The Story of WikiLeaks]]'' and ''True Stories: WikiLeaks – Secrets and Lies''.<ref>{{cite web
| title=We Steal Secrets: The Story of WikiLeaks (2013)
| publisher=IMDb
| url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1824254/
| access-date=January 19, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| title=True Stories: Wikileaks – Secrets and Lies (2011)
| publisher=IMDb
| url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2123355/
| access-date=January 19, 2017}}</ref> Lamo reconnected with [[Leo Laporte]] in 2015 as a result of a [[Quora]] article on the "[[dark web]]" for an episode of ''[[The New Screen Savers]]''.<ref>{{cite web
| title=Adrian Lamo
| publisher=IMDb
| date=December 24, 2016
| url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2238804/?ref=1337
| access-date=December 24, 2016
}}</ref>

Lamo wrote the book ''Ask Adrian'',<ref>https://buk.io/@pa4566</ref> a collection of his best Q&A drawn from over 500 pages of [[Quora]] answers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.quora.com/profile/Adri%C3%A1n-Lamo|title=Adrián Lamo|website=quora.com|access-date=September 5, 2017}}</ref>

==Personal life and death==
Lamo was known as the "Homeless Hacker" for his reportedly transient lifestyle,<ref>{{cite magazine|author1=Kahn, Jennifer|date=April 2004|title=The Homeless Hacker v. The New York Times|url=http://archive.wired.com/wired/archive/12.04/hacker_pr.html|magazine=Wired Magazine|location=Issue 12.04|quote=Known as the Homeless Hacker before his arrest, Lamo did most of his virtual exploring from the Internet connections at Kinko's copy shops.}}</ref> claiming that he spent much of his travels [[couch-surfing]], [[squatting]] in abandoned buildings, and traveling to [[Internet café]]s, libraries, and universities to investigate networks, sometimes exploiting security holes.<ref name="kahn" /> He usually preferred sleeping on couches, and when he did sleep on beds, he did not sleep under covers. He also often wandered through homes and offices in the middle of the night, by the light of a flashlight.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/09/19/760317486/the-mysterious-death-of-the-hacker-who-turned-in-chelsea-manning|title=The Mysterious Death of the Hacker Who Turned in Chelsea Manning|website=NPR.org |publisher=NPR|access-date=September 20, 2019}}</ref>

Lamo was [[bisexual]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sledge |first1=Matt |title=Adrian Lamo, Hacker Who Turned Bradley Manning In, Testifies At Trial |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/adrian-lamo-bradley-manning_n_3384679?ri18n=true |website=[[Huffington Post]] |access-date=5 August 2021 |date=4 June 2013 |quote=Lamo's chat logs reveal that when [Chelsea] Manning said [she] had gender identity issues, Lamo responded that he was bisexual.}}</ref> and volunteered for the gay and lesbian media firm [[PlanetOut Inc.]] in the mid-1990s.<ref name="HacksSquats" /><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/12.04/hacker_pr.html|title=Wired 12.04: The Homeless Hacker v. The New York Times|magazine=Wired|access-date=December 20, 2011}}</ref> In 1998, he was appointed to the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer and Questioning Youth Task Force by the [[San Francisco Board of Supervisors]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Agenda & Minutes Archive |publisher=[[San Francisco Board of Supervisors]] |date=3 August 1998 |url=http://www.sfbos.org/index.aspx?page=2723 |access-date=23 October 2010 |quote=Adrian Lamo, Seat No. 10}}</ref>

Lamo used a wide variety of supplements and drugs. His wife, Lauren Fisher, called his drug use "[[body hacking]]". One of Lamo's preferred supplements was 'kratom' ([[Mitragyna speciosa]]), which he used as a less-dangerous alternative to opioids.<ref name=":1" /> In 2001, he overdosed on prescription [[amphetamine]]s.<ref name="mpalm03" /><ref name="jkahn04" /> After he turned in Manning, his drug use escalated, but he later claimed that he was in recovery.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/03/adrian-lamo-bradley-manning-q-and-a |title=Adrian Lamo on Bradley Manning |last1=Pilkington |first1=Ed |date=3 January 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=10 September 2016}}</ref>

In a 2004 interview with ''[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]'', an ex-girlfriend of Lamo's called him "very controlling", alleging "he carried a stun gun, which he used on me". The same article claimed a court had issued a [[restraining order]] against Lamo;<ref name="jkahn04">
{{cite magazine
| last=Kahn
| first=Jennifer
| title=The Homeless Hacker v. The New York Times
| magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]
| year=2004
| url=https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/12.04/hacker_pr.html
| access-date=July 8, 2010}}
</ref> he disputed the claim, writing: "I have never been subject to a restraining order in my life".<ref>{{cite web|last=Lamo|first=Adrian|title=Citability (is important!)|publisher=God, Sex, & the FBI: Adrian Lamo's (alleged) blog|date=July 10, 2010|url=http://pax.vox.com/library/post/citability-is-important.html|access-date=July 10, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918011521/http://pax.vox.com/library/post/citability-is-important.html|archive-date=September 18, 2010}}</ref>

Lamo said in a ''Wired'' article that, in May 2010, after he reported the theft of his backpack, an investigating officer noted unusual behavior and placed him under a [[5150 (involuntary psychiatric hold)|72-hour involuntary psychiatric hold]], which was extended to a nine-day hold. Lamo said he was diagnosed with [[Asperger syndrome]] at the psychiatric ward.<ref>
{{cite magazine
| last=Poulsen
| first=Kevin
| author-link=Kevin Poulsen
| title=Ex-Hacker Adrian Lamo Institutionalized for Asperger's
| magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]
| date=May 20, 2010
| url=https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/05/lamo/
| access-date=May 23, 2010
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100523052217/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/05/lamo/
| archive-date=May 23, 2010
| url-status=live
}}
</ref>

For a period of time in March 2011, Lamo was allegedly "in hiding", claiming that his "life was under threat" after turning in Manning.<ref>{{cite web
| title=Hacker: Why I turned FBI Informer
| publisher=Al Jazeera
| access-date=March 16, 2011
| url=http://english.aljazeera.net/video/americas/2011/03/2011313202019296426.html
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110316110645/http://english.aljazeera.net/video/americas/2011/03/2011313202019296426.html|archive-date=March 16, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>

Lamo died on March 14, 2018, in [[Wichita, Kansas|Wichita]], Kansas, at age 37.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.facebook.com/groups/majordomo/permalink/10156204603994522/ |publisher=Facebook |first=Mario |last=Lamo |date=March 16, 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180316212036/https://www.facebook.com/groups/majordomo/permalink/10156204603994522/ |archive-date=March 16, 2018 |quote=With great sadness and a broken heart I have to let know all of Adrian's friends and acquittances that he is dead. |title=2600 The Hacker Quarterly}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/adrian-lamo-hacker-who-turned-in-chelsea-manning-to-fbi-found-dead|title=Adrian Lamo, hacker who turned in Chelsea Manning to FBI, found dead|publisher=[[Fox News Channel]]|date=March 16, 2018|access-date=March 17, 2018}}</ref><ref name="NYDN">{{cite news|url=http://www.kansas.com/news/local/article205629184.html|title=Hacker who turned in Chelsea Manning to FBI, hacked Microsoft, dies in Wichita|newspaper=Wichita Eagle|access-date=March 17, 2018|date=March 16, 2018}}</ref> Nearly three months later, the [[Sedgwick County, Kansas|Sedgwick County]] Regional Forensic Science Center reported that "Despite a complete autopsy and supplemental testing, no definitive cause of death was identified."<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Leiker|first=Amy Renee|date=June 6, 2018|title=What killed the computer hacker who turned in Chelsea Manning still a mystery|url=http://www.kansas.com/news/local/crime/article210989594.html|work=[[The Wichita Eagle]]|access-date=June 6, 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/4498280/Adrian-20-Lamo.pdf |date=May 22, 2018  |first1=Timothy P. |last1=Rohrig |first2=Timothy S. |last2=Gorrill |first3=S. |last3=Kipper |access-date=June 10, 2018 |title=Autopsy Report 18-18-0749 |publisher=Sedgwick County Forensic Science}}</ref> Many bottles of pills were found in his home, some of which were known to cause severe health problems when combined with kratom. As a result, evidence points to an accidental death due to drug abuse.<ref name=":1" />

==See also==
*[[List of unsolved deaths]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website}}
* {{IMDb name|id=2238804}}

{{WikiLeaks}}
{{Portal bar|Biography|Journalism|Law|LGBTQ|United States}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lamo, Adrian}}
[[Category:1981 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:American cybercriminals]]
[[Category:American people of Colombian descent]]
[[Category:American River College alumni]]
[[Category:American bisexual men]]
[[Category:LGBTQ Hispanic and Latino American people]]
[[Category:LGBTQ people from Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Microsoft people]]
[[Category:The New York Times people]]
[[Category:People from Boston]]
[[Category:American people with disabilities]]
[[Category:People with Asperger syndrome]]
[[Category:20th-century squatters]]
[[Category:Unsolved deaths in Kansas]]
[[Category:WikiLeaks]]
[[Category:Yahoo! people]]
[[Category:21st-century American LGBTQ people]]
[[Category:Autistic LGBTQ people]]