Editing Adolph Bandelier

{{Short description|American archaeologist (1840–1914)}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox scientist
|name              = Adolph Bandelier
|birth_name        = Adolph Francis Alphonse Bandelier
|image             = Adolf Bandelier.jpg
|birth_date        = August 6, 1840
|birth_place       = [[Bern, Switzerland]]
|death_date        = {{Death date and age|1914|3|18|1840|8|6|mf=yes}}
|death_place       = [[Sevilla]], Spain
|nationality       = American / Swiss
|field             = [[Archaeology]]
}}

'''Adolph Francis Alphonse Bandelier''' (August 6, 1840{{snd}}March 18, 1914) was a Swiss and American [[archaeologist]] who particularly explored the indigenous cultures of the [[American Southwest]], Mexico, and South America. He immigrated to the United States with his family as a youth and made his life there, abandoning the family business to study in the new fields of archeology and ethnology.

[[Bandelier National Monument]] in [[New Mexico]] was named for him, as his studies established the significance of this area in the [[Jemez Mountains]] for archeological and historic preservation of sites of [[Ancestral Puebloans]] dating to two eras from 1150 to 1600 [[Common era|CE]].

==Life==
{{More citations needed section |date=February 2024}}
Bandelier was born in [[Bern, Switzerland]]. As a youth, he emigrated to the United States with his family, which settled in [[Highland, Illinois]], a community established by other Swiss immigrants. He labored unhappily in the family business as a young man. He became acquainted with the pioneering anthropologist [[Lewis H. Morgan|Lewis Henry Morgan]] of New York, who served as a mentor as Bandelier turned to scholarship. In particular, he undertook [[archaeology|archaeological]] and [[ethnology|ethnological]] work among the [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]] of the southwestern United States, Mexico, and South America.

Beginning his studies in [[Sonora]] (Mexico), [[Arizona]], and New Mexico, Bandelier developed as the leading authority on the history of this region. With [[Frank Hamilton Cushing|F. H. Cushing]] and his successors, he became one of the leading authorities on its [[prehistoric]] civilization, at a time when archeology and ethnology were new fields of study.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=1|wstitle=Bandelier, Adolph Francis Alphonse|volume=3|page=311}}</ref>

In 1892, Bandelier left the Southwest to travel and conduct research in [[Ecuador]], [[Bolivia]], and [[Peru]], where he continued ethnological, archaeological, and historical investigations. In the first field he was in a part of his work connected with the Hemenway Archaeological Expedition. In the second, he worked in NYC for [[Henry Villard]] and for the [[American Museum of Natural History]]. Bandelier had shown the falsity of various historical [[mythology|myth]]s, notably in his conclusions respecting the [[Inca]] civilization of Peru.<ref name="EB1911"/>

While working at the [[Pueblo of Isleta]] (in New Mexico), Bandelier made some long-term friends. They included French-born missionary Father [[Anton Docher]], who had served the Tiwa people since 1891 and was known as the Padre of Isleta.<ref>Keleher and Chant. ''The Padre of Isleta''. Sunstone Press, 2009, p. 41.</ref> Another was American journalist and writer [[Charles Fletcher Lummis]], who also wrote on ethnology. Lummis traveled with Bandelier for a time in South America, before returning to his base in Los Angeles.{{citation needed|date=February 2024}}

==Legacy and honors==
* [[Bandelier National Monument]] in New Mexico was named for him, as his studies established the significance of this area for understanding ancient indigenous cultures of the Tuyongi canyon.
* Bandelier Elementary School in [[Albuquerque, New Mexico]] was named after him.
* Bandelier was elected a member of the [[American Antiquarian Society]] in 1881.<ref>[http://www.americanantiquarian.org/memberlistb American Antiquarian Society Members Directory]. Accessed February 26, 2024.</ref>

==Publications==
* [[Harvard University]], Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Annual Reports, 1877, 1878, 1879:
** ''On the Art of War and Mode of Warfare of the Ancient Mexicans''
** ''On the Distribution and Tenure of Lands and the Customs with respect to Inheritance among the Ancient Mexicans''
** ''On the Social Organization and Mode of Government of the Ancient Mexicans''
* From the ''Papers'' of the [[Archaeological Institute of America]], American Series, constituting vols. i.-v.:
** ''Historical Introduction to Studies among the Sedentary Indians of New Mexico, and Report on the Ruins of the [[Pecos Pueblo|Pueblo of Pecos]]'' (1881)
** ''Report of an Archaeological Tour in Mexico in 1881'' (1884)
** ''Final Report of Investigations among the Indians of the South-Western United States'' (1890–1892, 2 vols.)
** ''Contributions to the History of the South-western Portion of the United States carried on mainly in the years from 1880 to 1885'' (1890)
* "The Romantic School of American Archaeologists" (New York Historical Society, 1885)
* ''The Gilded Man (El Dorado) and other Pictures of the Spanish Occupancy of America'' (1893)
* ''On the Relative Antiquity of Ancient Peruvian Burials'' (American Museum of Natural History, Bulletin, v. 30, 1904)
* ''Aboriginal Myths and Traditions concerning the Island of [[Titicaca, Bolivia]].'' (1904)
* ''The Journey of [[Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca]] ... from Florida to the Pacific, 1528-1536'' (editor, translated into English by his wife; 1905).
* ''The Islands of Titicaca and Koati''(1910)
* [https://archive.org/details/delightmakers00bandrich ''The Delight Makers'' (1890)], a novel of Pueblo Indian life - scanned text in full at Internet Archive<ref name="EB1911"/>

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* {{Cite book |last=Bandelier |first=Adolph Francis Alphonse |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/6864211 |title=Adolph F. Bandelier's The discovery of New Mexico by the Franciscan friar Marcos de Niza in 1539 |date=1981 |publisher=University of Arizona Press |others=Madeleine Turrell Rodack |isbn=0-8165-0717-1 |location=Tucson|oclc=6864211 }}
* {{Cite Americana|wstitle=Bandelier, Adolph Francis Alphonse|year=1920}}
* {{Cite Appletons'|wstitle=Bandelier, Adolph Francis Alphonse|year=1900}}

== External links ==
{{wikisource author}}
{{wikiquote|Adolph Francis Alphonse Bandelier}}
{{commons category}}

* {{gutenberg author| id=7940| name=Adolph Francis Alphonse Bandelier}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Adolph Francis Alphonse Bandelier}}
* {{Helveticat}}
* [http://www.bookrags.com/Adolph_Francis_Alphonse_Bandelier Biography at BookRags]
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bandelier, Adolph}}
[[Category:1840 births]]
[[Category:1914 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Bern]]
[[Category:American archaeologists]]
[[Category:Swiss archaeologists]]
[[Category:Scholars of Andean civilizations]]
[[Category:Mesoamerican archaeologists]]
[[Category:American Mesoamericanists]]
[[Category:19th-century Mesoamericanists]]
[[Category:American people of Swiss-French descent]]
[[Category:Swiss emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:People associated with the American Museum of Natural History]]
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States]]