Editing Adolf Loos

{{Short description|Austrian and Czechoslovak architect and theorist of modern architecture}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox architect
| name = Adolf Loos
| image = Otto Mayer - Adolf Loos. (Fotografie um 1904) (cropped).jpg
| caption = Loos {{circa|1904}}
| nationality = [[Austria]], [[Austria-Hungary]]
| birth_name = Adolf Franz Karl Viktor Maria Loos
| birth_date = {{birth date|1870|12|10|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Brno]], [[Austria-Hungary]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1933|8|23|1870|12|10|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Vienna]], [[First Republic of Austria|Austria]]
| practice = 
| significant_buildings = [[Looshaus]], [[Vienna]]<br />[[Villa Müller]], [[Prague]]
| significant_projects = 
| awards = 
}}

'''Adolf Franz Karl Viktor Maria Loos'''<ref name=":32">{{cite web |last=Andrews |first=Brian |year=2010 |title=Ornament and Materiality in the Work of Adolf Loos |url=https://www.acsa-arch.org/files/conferences/annual/2010%20Annual/Section6.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724223335/https://www.acsa-arch.org/files/conferences/annual/2010%20Annual/Section6.pdf |archive-date=24 July 2011 |access-date=9 February 2011 |work=Material Making: The Process of Precedent. p.438 |publisher=Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture}}</ref> ({{IPA|de|ˈaːdɔlf ˈloːs|lang}}; 10 December 1870&nbsp;– 23 August 1933) was an Austrian and Czechoslovak architect, influential European theorist, and a polemicist of [[modern architecture]]. He was inspired by [[Modern architecture|modernism]] and a widely-known critic of the [[Art Nouveau]] movement. His controversial views and literary contributions sparked the establishment of the [[Vienna Secession]] movement and postmodernism.<ref name="His controversial views and literary contributions sparked the establishment of the [[Vienna Secession]] movement">{{citation |title=Criminal Skins: Tattoos and Modern Architecture in the Work of Adolf Loos |url=https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/3210516/canales-Criminal%20Skins.pdf |publisher=Canales, Jimena and Andrew Herscher (2005) web |access-date=3 October 2022}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite web |date=2017-10-03 |title=How Chicago's Tribune Tower Competition Changed Architecture Forever |url=https://www.archdaily.com/880899/how-chicagos-tribune-tower-competition-changed-architecture-forever |access-date=2022-10-10 |website=ArchDaily |language=en-US}}</ref>

Loos was born in [[Brno]] to a family of sculptors and stonemasons. His father, a stonemason who was almost deaf, died when he was 9 and played a role in Loos' interest in arts and crafts. Loos later inherited his father's hearing impairment and other health-related issues. His lack of hearing contributed to his solitary personality. Loos had three tumultuous marriages that all ended in divorce, and was convicted as a pedophile in 1928.

Loos attended multiple colleges also due to his poor academics and changing interests, which provided him a diverse skillset for architecture. After leaving his last university, Loos visited America and was strongly impacted by the [[Chicago school (architecture)|Chicago School of Architecture]], inspired by "[[form follows function]]" philosophy of architect [[Louis Sullivan]].

Loos then went on to write many literary pieces including the satirical piece ''[[The Story of a Poor Rich Man]]'' and his most popular manifesto, ''[[Ornament and Crime]]'', which advocated for a lack of ornamentation, exemplified in his design of [[Looshaus]], [[Vienna]], in contrast to both the lavish decorations of the [[fin de siècle]] and the more modern aesthetic principles of the [[Vienna Secession]].

Loos became a pioneer of modern architecture and contributed a body of theory and criticism of [[Modernism]] in architecture and design and developed the "Raumplan" (literally ''spatial plan'') method of arranging interior spaces, exemplified in [[Villa Müller]] in [[Prague]]. He died aged 62 on 23 August 1933 in [[Kalksburg]] near [[Vienna]].

==Early life==

=== Youth ===
Loos was born into a family of artisans on 10 December 1870 in [[Brno]], in the [[Margraviate of Moravia]] region of the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]], today the eastern part of the [[Czech Republic]]. His father Adolf Loos was a German [[stonemason]] who died when Loos was nine years old.<ref name="Life and influence2">{{cite web |title=Adolf Loos: Life and influence |url=http://www.architecture.com/LibraryDrawingsAndPhotographs/Exhibitionsandloans/AdolfLoos/Lifeandinfluence/LifeAndInfluence.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512170143/http://www.architecture.com/LibraryDrawingsAndPhotographs/Exhibitionsandloans/AdolfLoos/Lifeandinfluence/LifeAndInfluence.aspx |archive-date=12 May 2013 |access-date=20 June 2012 |publisher=Royal Institute of British Architects}}</ref> His mother, Marie Loos, was a sculptor who later carried on the masonry business after her husband's death. Young Adolf Loos had inherited his father's hearing impairment and was significantly handicapped by it throughout his life, contributing to his solitary character.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Neutra |first=Richard |url=http://hdl.handle.net/2099/792 |title=Recuerdo de Adolf Loos |publisher=Carrer de la ciutat |year=1980 |isbn=978-3-85002-846-2 |pages=9–10 |hdl=2099/792 |language=Spanish |oclc=1030566474}}</ref>

=== Education ===
Loos attended several [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]] schools and sought a variety of programs. In 1884, Loos began his studies at the [[Stiftsgymnasium Melk]] for only a few months after failing an exam.<ref name=":3">{{cite web |last=Andrews |first=Brian |year=2010 |title=Ornament and Materiality in the Work of Adolf Loos |url=https://www.acsa-arch.org/files/conferences/annual/2010%20Annual/Section6.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724223335/https://www.acsa-arch.org/files/conferences/annual/2010%20Annual/Section6.pdf |archive-date=24 July 2011 |access-date=9 February 2011 |work=Material Making: The Process of Precedent. p.438 |publisher=Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture}}</ref> He then studied mechanics at the Royal and Imperial State Technical College in [[Liberec]], but dropped to pursue building technology. He then returned to mechanics again at State Crafts School in Brünn in 1889, and changed to architecture by studying at [[Dresden University of Technology]] from 1890 to 1893.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2019-12-10 |title=Spotlight: Adolf Loos |url=https://www.archdaily.com/576187/spotlight-adolf-loos |access-date=2022-10-10 |website=ArchDaily |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":4">Tournikiotis, Panayotis (2002). ''"Adolf Loos"''. Princeton Architectural Press. pp. 9–10. {{isbn|9781568983424}}.</ref><ref>"NGV Vienna Art and Design: Adolf Loos". ''www.ngv.vic.gov.au''. Retrieved 2022-10-04.</ref> Loos ultimately did not receive any academic degree due to his sporadic education pursuits, poor academics, and his enrollment in the Austrian military in 1889.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=s.r.o |first=Via Aurea |title=Adolf Loos {{!}} Architects {{!}} Brno Architecture Manual. A Guide to Brno Architecture |url=https://www.bam.brno.cz/en/architect/57-adolf-loos |access-date=2022-10-04 |website=www.bam.brno.cz |language=en}}</ref> 

Loos' diverse educational background provided him with a vast skillset which proved to be useful. He could comprehend masonry and craftsman work and its impact on architecture, prompting recognition by many scholars based on his expertise.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Maciuika |first=John V. |date=2000 |title=Adolf Loos and the Aphoristic Style: Rhetorical Practice in Early Twentieth-Century Design Criticism |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1511864 |journal=Design Issues |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=75–86 |doi=10.1162/074793600750235804 |jstor=1511864 |s2cid=57559630 |issn=0747-9360}}</ref>

== Career ==

=== United States ===
Post college, Loos traveled to the United States from 1893 to 1896 to learn about outside architecture.<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Moss |first=K. |date=2010 |degree=MSc |title=Constructing a Modem Vienna: The Architecture and Cultural Criticism of Adolf Loos |s2cid=190981131 |language=en}}</ref> He started in New York and financially supported himself by working as a mason, a floor-layer, and a dish-washer.<ref name=":42">Tournikiotis, Panayotis (2002). ''"Adolf Loos"''. Princeton Architectural Press. pp. 9–10. {{isbn|9781568983424}}.</ref><ref name=":2">Benedetto Gravagnuolo, Adolf Loos, Theory and Works (London: Art Data, 1995), 29.</ref> These jobs allowed Loos to move to the Philadelphia countryside with his uncle Benjamin, where he worked as a watchmaker.<ref name=":2" />  Living on the countryside made Loos admire America's rural culture, but he traveled to New York and Chicago to explore American metropolitan architecture.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bock |first=Ralf |title=Adolf Loos: Works and Projects |year=2021 |isbn=9788857244242 |pages=14–15|publisher=Skira }}</ref>

On his first visit to Chicago, Loos was immediately inspired by the new American [[skyscraper]]s and the [[World's Columbian Exposition]] in 1893.<ref name=":5">Bototin, Norman & Laing, Christine, The Chicago World's Fair of 1893 The World's Columbian Exposition from Washington, DC: Preservation Press, 1992, pg. 20.</ref> Specifically, he was inspired by the architect [[Louis Sullivan]] and the [[Chicago school (architecture)|Chicago School of Architecture]], approving of Sullivan's concept of [[form follows function]] in his essay [[Ornament in Architecture]].<ref name=":5" />

Although Loos left America in 1896, he became involved in Chicago's architectural scene. Inspired by Sullivan, in 1922 Loos submitted a building design for the [[Chicago Tribune]] Tower Competition, where his design proposal followed a [[Doric column]] as the building's top, known as the Column Tower proposal.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2017-10-03 |title=How Chicago's Tribune Tower Competition Changed Architecture Forever |url=https://www.archdaily.com/880899/how-chicagos-tribune-tower-competition-changed-architecture-forever |access-date=2022-10-10 |website=ArchDaily |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Dancing Column |url=https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262681018/the-dancing-column/ |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=MIT Press |language=en-US}}</ref> While he did not win, his architecture inspired later [[Postmodern]] architects of the 1980s and '90s.<ref name=":0" />

=== Vienna ===
Loos returned to Vienna in 1896 and made it his permanent residence. He was a prominent figure in the city and a friend of prominent Viennese figures such as [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]], [[Arnold Schoenberg]], [[Peter Altenberg]] and [[Karl Kraus (writer)|Karl Kraus]].

Inspired by his years in the [[New World]], Loos devoted himself to architecture. After briefly associating himself with the [[Vienna Secession]] in 1896, he rejected the style and advocated a new, plain, unadorned architecture. A utilitarian approach to use the entire floor plan completed his concept. Loos's early commissions consisted of interior designs for shops and cafés in Vienna.

===Architectural theory===
[[File:Haus Rufer, Adolf Loos 2.jpg|thumb|[[Rufer House]], Vienna, 1922]]
Loos authored several polemical works. In ''Spoken into the Void'', published in 1900, he attacked the [[Vienna Secession]], at a time when the movement was at its peak.<ref name="Royal Institute of British Architects">{{cite web|url=http://www.architecture.com/LibraryDrawingsAndPhotographs/Exhibitionsandloans/AdolfLoos/Lifeandinfluence/Writings.aspx |title=Adolf Loos: Writings |access-date=20 June 2012 |publisher=Royal Institute of British Architects |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121118180625/http://www.architecture.com/LibraryDrawingsAndPhotographs/Exhibitionsandloans/AdolfLoos/Lifeandinfluence/Writings.aspx |archive-date=18 November 2012 }}</ref>

In his essays, Loos used provocative catchphrases and is noted for the essay/manifesto entitled ''[[Ornament and Crime]]'', given in a lecture in 1910 and first published in 1913.<ref>Janet Stewart, ''Fashioning Vienna: Adolf Loos's Cultural Criticism'', London: Routledge, 2000, p. 173</ref> He explored the idea that the progress of culture is associated with the elimination of [[Ornament (architecture)|ornament]] from everyday objects, asserting, "''the evolution of culture is synonymous with the removal of ornamentation from objects of everyday use.''"{{sfn |Loos|Opel|1997|p=167}} It was therefore a crime to force craftsmen or builders to waste their time on ornamentation that served to hasten the time when an object would become obsolete ([[design theory]]). Loos's stripped-down buildings influenced the minimal massing of modern architecture, and stirred controversy. Although noted for the lack of ornamentation on their exteriors, the interiors of many of Loos's buildings are finished with rich and expensive materials, notably stone, marble and wood, displaying natural patterns and textures in flat planes, executed in first rate craftsmanship. The distinction is not between complicated and simple, but between purposeful, "organic" decoration, such as that created by indigenous cultures (Loos mentions African textiles and Persian rugs), and superfluous decoration.{{sfn |Loos|Opel|1997|pp=173-174}}

Loos collected sterling silver and high quality leather goods, which he noted for their plain yet luxurious appeal. The objects displayed opulence through their material alone, without adding unnecessary ornamentation. His glassware, produced by Lobmeyer, is still in production today.{{sfn |Loos|Opel |1997|p=9}} He also enjoyed fashion and men's clothing, designing the interior of the famed [[Kniže & Comp.|Kníže of Vienna]], a [[haberdashery]]. His admiration for the fashion and culture of England and America can be seen in his short-lived publication ''Das Andere'', which ran for just two issues in 1903 and included advertisements for 'English' clothing.<ref name="Royal Institute of British Architects"/> In 1920, he had a brief collaboration with [[Frederick John Kiesler]], an architect, theater and art-exhibition designer.

===Loos House and other projects===
[[File:Looshaus Michaelerplatz.JPG|thumb|right| [[Looshaus]] in Michaelerplatz, Vienna]]
From 1904 on, he was able to carry out big projects; the most notable was the so-called "[[Looshaus]]" (built from 1910 to 1912), originally for the Viennese tailor Goldman and Salatsch, for whom Loos had designed a store interior in 1898, and situated right across from the [[Habsburg]] city residence [[Hofburg Palace]]. The house, today located at the address Michaelerplatz 3, Vienna, and under monument preservation, was criticized by its contemporaries. The facade was dominated by rectilinear window patterns and a lack of stucco decoration and awnings, which earned it the nickname "House without Eyebrows"; Emperor [[Franz Joseph I of Austria]] was said to have despised the modern building so much that he avoided leaving the Hofburg Palace through a main gate in its vicinity.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stadtbekannt.at/haus-ohne-augenbrauen/ |title=Haus ohne Augenbrauen &#124; Stadtbekannt Wien &#124; Das Wiener Online Magazin |publisher=Stadtbekannt.at |access-date=2015-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218173027/http://www.stadtbekannt.at/haus-ohne-augenbrauen/ |archive-date=18 February 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> His work also includes the store of the men's fashion house Knize (built 1909–13), Am Graben 13, [[Café Museum]] (built 1899), Operngasse 7, Vienna, and the "American Bar" (built 1907–08), Kärntnerstrasse 10, Vienna.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.architektenlexikon.at/de/362.htm#Werke |title=Architekturzentrum Wien |publisher=Architektenlexikon.at |access-date=2015-07-30}}</ref>
[[File:Casa Steiner - Foto Fachada Trasera.jpg|thumb|[[Steiner House]], Vienna, 1910]]

Loos visited the island of [[Skyros]] in 1904 and was influenced by the cubic architecture of the Greek islands. When the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]] collapsed after [[World War I]] Loos was awarded [[Czechoslovakia]]n citizenship by [[Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk|President Masaryk]].<ref name="Life and influence">{{cite web |title=Adolf Loos: Life and influence |url=http://www.architecture.com/LibraryDrawingsAndPhotographs/Exhibitionsandloans/AdolfLoos/Lifeandinfluence/LifeAndInfluence.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512170143/http://www.architecture.com/LibraryDrawingsAndPhotographs/Exhibitionsandloans/AdolfLoos/Lifeandinfluence/LifeAndInfluence.aspx |archive-date=12 May 2013 |access-date=20 June 2012 |publisher=Royal Institute of British Architects}}</ref> His main place of residence remained in Vienna. During the [[First Austrian Republic]] Loos became interested in public projects. He designed several housing projects for the City of Vienna, which was then nicknamed [[Red Vienna]]. From 1924 to 1928 Loos lived in Paris. He taught at the Sorbonne and was contracted to build a house for [[Tristan Tzara]], which was completed 1925 on Avenue Junot 15, Paris. In 1928 he returned to Vienna.

Loos had an admiration for classical architecture,<ref>Hanno-Walter Kruft. ''A History of Architectural Theory: From Vitruvius to the Present''. Princeton Architectural Press, 1994 and [[Edward Chaney]], Inigo Jones's 'Roman Sketchbook, 2006) page 361</ref> which is reflected in his writings and his entry to the [[Tribune Tower#Design competition|1922 Chicago Tribune competition]]. Loos's submission was a massive Doric column.<ref>{{cite web|author=Oliver Wainwright |url=http://www.bdonline.co.uk/top-10-unbuilt-towers-chicago-tribune-tower-by-adolf-loos/5023198.article |title=Top 10 unbuilt towers: Chicago Tribune Tower, by Adolf Loos |work=bdonline.co.uk/ |date=17 August 2011 |access-date=2015-07-30}}</ref>

== Private life ==
===Marriages===
Loos was married three times. In July 1902, he married drama student [[Lina Loos]]. The marriage ended three years later in 1905. In 1919 when he was 49, he married 20-year-old Austrian-born [[Elsie Altmann]], a dancer and operetta star and daughter of Adolf Altmann and Jeannette Gruenblatt. They divorced seven years later in 1926. In 1929 he married writer and photographer [[Claire Loos|Claire Beck]]. She was the daughter of his clients Otto and Olga Beck, and 35 years his junior. They were divorced on 30 April 1932.<ref name="Loos 2011">{{cite book|last=Loos|first=Claire Beck|title=Adolf Loos – A Private Portrait|year=2011|publisher=DoppelHouse Press|location=Los Angeles, CA}}</ref> Following their divorce, Claire Loos wrote ''Adolf Loos Privat'', a literary work of snapshot-like vignettes about Loos's character, habits and sayings, published by the Johannes-Presse in Vienna in 1936. The book was intended to raise funds for Loos' tomb.

===Poor health===
All his life, Loos suffered from a hearing impairment. When he was a child, he was deaf. He only acquired partial hearing at the age of 12.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://biography.yourdictionary.com/adolf-loos |title=Adolf Loos Facts |publisher=Biography.yourdictionary.com |date=1933-08-23 |access-date=2015-07-30}}</ref> By the time he was 50 he was again nearly deaf. In 1918 Loos was diagnosed with cancer. His stomach, appendix and part of his intestine were removed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/adolf-loos-architect-of-no-ornamentation-177859 |title=Biography of Adolf Loos, Belle Epoque Architect and Rebel|access-date=2021-04-27}}</ref>

===Child sexual abuse===
In 1928 Loos was disgraced by a pedophilia scandal in Vienna. He had commissioned young girls, aged 8 to 10, from poor families to act as models in his studio. The indictment stated that Loos had exposed himself and forced his young models to participate in sexual acts. He was found partially guilty in a court decision of 1928.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://members.aon.at/andreas.weigel/pdfs/Adolf-Loos-Gerichtsurteil|title=[Rechtskräftiges Gerichtsurteil Adolf Loos] 7 Vr 5707/28/71 |publisher=Members.aon.net |access-date=2015-07-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704060147/http://members.aon.at/andreas.weigel/pdfs/Adolf-Loos-Gerichtsurteil |archive-date=4 July 2015 }}</ref> In 2008, the original case record was rediscovered and confirmed the accusation.<ref>Christopher Long, Der Fall Loos. Amalthea 2015. {{ISBN|3850029085}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.falter.at/falter/2015/02/03/ornament-und-verbrechen/ |title=FALTER » Ornament und Verbrechen |publisher=falter.at |date=2011-09-20 |access-date=2015-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101022737/https://www.falter.at/falter/2015/02/03/ornament-und-verbrechen/ |archive-date=1 January 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Death and legacy==
[[File:Villa-Mueller-Prag-3.jpg|thumb|[[Villa Müller]] in Prague]]
Adolf Loos exhibited early signs of [[dementia]] around the time of his court proceedings. A few months before his death he suffered a [[stroke]]. He died aged 62 on 23 August 1933 in [[Kalksburg]] near [[Vienna]].<ref name="Bock">{{cite book | last = Bock | first = Ralf | title = Adolf Loos | publisher = Skira | location = Geneve | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-88-7624-643-2 }}</ref> Loos's body was taken to Vienna's [[Zentralfriedhof]] to rest among the great artists and musicians of the city, including [[Arnold Schoenberg|Schoenberg]], Altenberg and Kraus, some of his closest friends and associates.<ref name="Loos 2011"/>

Through his writings and his groundbreaking projects in Vienna, Loos was able to influence other architects and designers, and the early development of Modernism. His careful selection of materials, passion for craftsmanship and use of 'Raumplan'—the considered ordering and size of interior spaces based on function—are still admired.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.architecture.com/LibraryDrawingsAndPhotographs/Exhibitionsandloans/AdolfLoos/Lifeandinfluence/Raumplan.aspx|title=Adolf Loos: Raumplan|access-date=20 June 2012|publisher=Royal Institute of British Architects|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512180402/http://www.architecture.com/LibraryDrawingsAndPhotographs/Exhibitionsandloans/AdolfLoos/Lifeandinfluence/Raumplan.aspx|archive-date=12 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Major works ==
[[File:Montmartre Adolf Loos Haus.jpg|upright|thumb|House of Tristan Tzara, 1925]]
* 1899 [[Café Museum]], Vienna
* 1904 Villa Karma, [[Montreux]], Switzerland
* 1907 Field Christian Cross, Radešínská Svratka, Czech Republic
* 1908 American Bar (formerly the Kärntner Bar), Vienna
* 1910 [[Steiner House]], Vienna
* 1910 [[Looshaus|Goldman & Salatsch Building]], overlooking Michaelerplatz, Vienna (a mixed-use building known colloquially as the "Looshaus")
* 1913 Scheu House, Vienna (childhood home of modernist [[Elizabeth Close]], née Scheu)
* 1914 Villa for sugar mill director, [[Hrušovany u Brna]], Czech Republic
* 1915 Sugar mill, Hrušovany u Brna, Czech Republic
* 1915–16 Villa Duschnitz (re-model), Vienna
* 1921 [[Adolf Loos's Dvořák mausoleum|Mausoleum for Max Dvořák]] (unbuilt)
* 1922 [[Rufer House]], Vienna
* 1925 [[Maison Tzara]], house and studio, [[Montmartre]], Paris, for [[Tristan Tzara]], one of the founders of [[Dadaism]]
* 1926 Villa Moller, Vienna
* 1927 House (not built), Paris, for the American entertainer [[Josephine Baker]]
* 1928 [[Villa Müller]], Prague, [[Czech Republic]]
* 1929 Khuner Villa, [[Kreuzberg (Austria)|Kreuzberg]], Austria
* 1932 Villa Winternitz, Na Cihlářce 10, [[Praha 5]], Czech Republic
* 1928–1933 many residential interiors in [[Plzeň]], Czech Republic

== Exhibitions ==

* Adolf Loos - Exposition Du Cinquantenaire (23.02. – 16.04.1983) Paris (Institut Francais d´Architecture with Austrian Culture Institute, Paris) Ancienne Galerie, 6, rue du Tournon, 75006 Paris<ref name="Adolf Loos - Exposition Du Cinquantenaire">{{cite book |last1=Chaslin |first1=Francois |title=Adolf Loos |date=1983 |publisher=Pierre Mardaga Editeur |isbn=2-8700-9174-5}}</ref>
* Gründerzeit: Adolf Loos (11.04.1987 – 21.06.1987) Städtische Galerie der Stadt Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany<ref name="Gründerzeit: Adolf Loos">{{cite book |last1=Rödiger-Diruf |first1=Erika |title=Gründerzeit: Adolf Loos |date=1987 |publisher=Städtische Galerie Karlsruhe |isbn=3-9233-4409-0}}</ref>
* ADOLF LOOS (02.12.1989-25.02.1990) (joint exposition on 3 locations) [[Albertina]], [[Vienna Museum|Historical Museum of the City of Vienna]], [[Looshaus]], Vienna<ref name="Adolf Loos8990">{{cite book |last1=Rukschcio |first1=Burkhardt |title=Adolf Loos |date=1989 |publisher=Löcker Verlag Wien |isbn=3-8540-9166-4}}</ref>
* Adolf Loos „Private Spaces“ (14.12.2017 – 25.02.2018) Museu del Dessiny de Barcelona, Spain<ref name="Adolf Loos Private Spaces">{{cite book |last1=Fundacion Bancaria La Caixa |first1=Museu del Dessiny |title=Adolf Loos, "Private Spaces" |date=2017 |publisher=Fundacion Bancaria La Caixa |isbn=978-84-9900-190-6}}</ref>
* Adolf Loos „Private Spaces“ (28.03.2018-24-06.2018) Caixa Forum Madrid, Spain<ref name="Adolf Loos Private Spaces"/>
* WAGNER, HOFFMANN, LOOS AND THE FURNITURE DESIGN OF VIENNESE MODERNISM (21.03.-07.10.2018) [[Imperial Furniture Collection]] (Hofmobiliendepot), Vienna<ref name="Wagner,Hoffmann,Loos">{{cite book |last1=Ottilinger |first1=Eva B. |title=Wagner, Hoffmann, Loos (exhibition catalogue) |date=2018 |publisher=Böhlau Verlag |isbn=978-3-205-20786-3}}</ref>
* Adolf Loos: Private Houses (08.12.2020-14.03.2021) MAK [[Museum of Applied Arts, Vienna|Museum of Applied Arts]], Vienna<ref>{{cite web |title=Adolf Loos, Private Houses |url=https://www.mak.at/adolfloos |website=MAK Museum of Applied Art |access-date=3 November 2022}}</ref>
* „Loos2021“ (25.9.2020 – 30.5.2021) Loos Rooms at the Vienna Library, (former Boskovits flat) Bartensteingasse 9/5, 1010 Wien<ref>{{cite web |title=Loos2021 |url=https://www.wien.info/de/sightseeing/architektur-design/loos2021-351294 |website=Tourist Info Vienna |access-date=3 November 2022 |archive-date=3 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103092724/https://www.wien.info/de/sightseeing/architektur-design/loos2021-351294 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Loos2021">{{cite web |title=Loos2021 Review |url=https://www.bda.gv.at/dam/jcr:459dad30-04c0-4eb4-a20f-322122725b72/OEZKD_2022_Heft_1_ebook.pdf |last1=Ottilinger |first1=Eva B. |last2=Rukschcio |first2=Burkhardt |last3=Voglhofer |first3=Stefan |website=Austrian Federal heritage office |publisher=Bundesdenkmalamt |access-date=3 November 2022}}</ref>

<gallery>
Adolf Loos Einrichtung Knize Filiale Karlsbad - Design Museum Barcelona 2017-2018.jpg|Furnishings Knize, Karlovy Vary branch Barcelona, Madrid 2017 2018<ref name="Adolf Loos Private Spaces"/>
Adolf Loos Armlehnstehl und Tisch Haus Duschnitz 1915 Barcelona 2017.jpg|Furnishing "House Duschnitz 1915" (Barcelona, Madrid 2017 2018)<ref name="Adolf Loos Private Spaces"/>
Adolf Loos Schreibtisch 1904 mit Loos Stuhl von F.O.Schmidt.jpg|Adolf Loos Desk 1904 (Barcelona, Madrid 2017 2018)<ref name="Adolf Loos Private Spaces"/>
Adolf Loos Schreibtisch Haus Friedmann und englischer Stuhl F.O.Schmidt.jpg|Desk "House Friedmann 1907" (Barcelona, Madrid 2017 2018)<ref name="Adolf Loos Private Spaces"/>
Adolf_Loos_Design_Museum_Barcelona_Haus_Rufer.jpg|Furnishing "House Rufer 1922" Barcelona, Madrid 2017 2018<ref name="Adolf Loos Private Spaces"/>
Adolf_Loos_Lampe_Haus_Steiner_Barcelona_2017.jpg|Interior "House Steiner 1910" Barcelona, Madrid 2017 2018<ref name="Adolf Loos Private Spaces"/>
Adolf Loos-Wohnung-Georg-Roy-1901-1904.jpg|Interior "Flat Georg Roy 1904", Hofmobiliendepot, Vienna 2018<ref name="Wagner,Hoffmann,Loos"/>
Ausstellung Loos2021 Wienbibliothek Wohnung Boskovits 25.9.2020-30.5.2021.jpg|Furnishing "Flat Boskovits" (Loos2021, Vienna Library)<ref name="Loos2021"/>
</gallery>

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book | publisher = Ariadne Press| isbn = 978-1-57241-098-5| page = 216| last = Loos| first = Adolf| title = On Architecture | date = 2 May 2007}}
* {{Cite book | publisher = Ariadne Press (CA)| isbn = 1-57241-046-9| page = 204| last1 = Loos| first1 = Adolf |last2= Opel |first2=Adolf | title = Ornament and Crime: Selected Essays | date = 15 November 1997}}
* {{Cite book | publisher = G. Prachner| isbn = 3-85367-037-7| page = 218| last = Loos| first = Adolf| title = Trotzdem, 1900–1930| year = 1982| language = de}}
* {{Cite book | publisher = Anton Schroll & Co, Neues Bauen in Der Welt, IV| last = Loos| first = Adolf |author2= Heinrich Kulka| title = Adolf Loos: Das Werk des Architekten| year = 1931| language = de}}
* {{Cite book | publisher = Prachner| isbn = 3-85367-038-5| page = 231| last = Loos| first = Adolf| title = Die Potemkin'sche Stadt: Verschollene Schriften, 1897–1933| year = 1983| language = de}}
* {{Cite book | publisher = Metroverlag| isbn = 978-3-99300-040-0| page = 231| last = Loos| first = Adolf| title = Why a man should be well-dressed: Appearances Can be Revealing | year = 2013 | language = en}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==

*{{cite book | last = Bock | first = Ralf | title = Adolf Loos | publisher = Skira | location = Geneve | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-88-7624-643-2 }}
*{{cite book|last=Coppa|first=Alessandra|title=Adolf Loos|year=2013|publisher=24 ore cultura|location=Milan, Italy|isbn=9788866481485 }} 
*{{cite book | last = Foster | first = Hal | title = Design and Crime (And other diatribes) | publisher = Verso | location = London | year = 2003 | isbn = 978-1-85984-453-3 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781844676705 }}
*{{cite book | last = Gravagnuolo | first = Benedetto | title = Adolf Loos, Theory and Works | publisher = Art Data | location = London | year = 1995 | isbn = 0-948835-16-8 }}
*{{cite book | last = Long | first = Christopher | title = Adolf Loos on Trial | publisher  = Kant | location = Prague | year = 2017 | isbn = 	978-80-7437-226-1 }}
* Mann, Philip. ''The Dandy at Dusk: Taste and Melancholy in the Twentieth Century''. London: Head of Zeus, 2017. {{ISBN|978-1-78669-517-8}}
* {{Cite book|last=Masheck|first=Joseph|title=Adolf Loos: The Art of Architecture|publisher=I. B. Tauris|location=New York|year=2013|isbn=978-1-78076-423-8|page=263}}
*Oechslin, Werner, "Stilhülse und Kern: Otto Wagner, Adolf Loos und der evolutionäre Weg zur modernen Architektur", Zuerich 1994.
*{{cite book | last = Ottillinger | first = Eva | title = Adolf Loos Wohnkonzepte und Möbelentwürfe. | publisher = Residenz Verlag | location = Salzburg | year = 1994 | isbn = 978-3-7017-0850-5 }}
*{{cite book|last=Rukschcio|first=Burkhardt|author2=Schachel, Roland|title=Adolf Loos: Leben und Werk|publisher=Residenz|location=Salzburg|year=1982|isbn=3-7017-0288-8}}
*Adolf Loos: Our Contemporary (New York, Columbia GSAPP, 2013), eds. Y. Safran and Cristobal Amunategui. Published on the occasion of the traveling exhibition "Adolf Loos: Our Contemporary," a cooperation between Columbia University GSAPP in New York, the MAK in Vienna, and the CAAA in Guimaraes. Essays by Beatriz Colomina, Hermann Czech, Rainald Franz, Benedetto Gravagnuolo, Christopher Long, Can Onaner, Daniel Sherer, Philip Ursprung.
*{{cite book |title=Adolf Loos |last=Tournikiotis |first=Panayiotis |year=1996 |publisher=Princeton Architectural Press |location=Princeton |isbn=1-878271-80-6 }}
* Sherer, Daniel. "Adorno's Reception of Loos: Modern Architecture, Aesthetic Theory, and the Critique of Ornament," Potlatch 3 (Spring 2014), 19-31

== External links ==
{{commons|Adolf Loos}}
{{wikiquote}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Adolf Loos |sopt=t}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120523154845/http://www.architecture.com/LibraryDrawingsAndPhotographs/Exhibitionsandloans/AdolfLoos/AdolfLoos.aspx Adolf Loos online exhibition] images, podcasts and video about Loos's life and work. Royal Institute of British Architects
* [http://www.postrealism.com/adolf.htm Adolf Loos, Vienna 1900 & Austrian Modern Architecture] TourMyCountry.com
* [http://www.woka.com/en/design/designer/adolf-loos/ Adolf Loos biography 1870–1933] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108101138/http://www.woka.com/en/design/designer/adolf-loos/ |date=8 November 2014 }} WOKA Lamps Vienna
* {{cite web |url=http://www.woka.com/en/design/designer/adolf-loos/ |title=Adolf Loos seen through the keyhole |access-date=2007-11-19 |last=Muirhead |first=Thomas  |publisher=Building Design | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071117010114/http://www.bdonline.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=429&storycode=3100078&c=2&encCode=00000000013eda51| archive-date= 17 November 2007 | url-status= live}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Loos, Adolf}}
[[Category:1870 births]]
[[Category:1933 deaths]]
[[Category:Architects from Brno]]
[[Category:People from the Margraviate of Moravia]]
[[Category:Moravian-German people]]
[[Category:Austrian people of Moravian-German descent]]
[[Category:Art Nouveau architects]]
[[Category:Austrian architects]]
[[Category:Architecture critics]]
[[Category:Architectural theoreticians]]
[[Category:Austrian architecture writers]]
[[Category:Austrian expatriates in France]]
[[Category:Austrian expatriates in the United States]]
[[Category:Modernist architects]]
[[Category:Austrian people convicted of child sexual abuse]]
[[Category:Burials at the Vienna Central Cemetery]]