Editing Adelsö

{{Short description|Island in the middle of Lake Mälaren in Sweden}}
{{Infobox islands
| name             = Adelsö
| native_name      = <!-- or |local_name= -->
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| image_name       = Adelson horn 2007.JPG
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| pushpin_map             = 
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| coordinates      = {{coord|59|22|51|N|17|29|46|E|display=inline,title}}
| etymology        = 
| location         = [[Mälaren]]
| archipelago      = 
| waterbody        = 
| total_islands    = 
| major_islands    = 
| area_km2         =26.08
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| country          = [[Sweden]]
| country_admin_divisions_title      = County
| country_admin_divisions            = [[Stockholm County|Stockholm]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_1    = Municipality 
| country_admin_divisions_1          = [[Ekerö Municipality|Ekerö]]
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}}
[[File:The ruins of Alsnö hus, Adelsö.JPG|300px|right|thumb|The ruins of the old castle [[Alsnö hus]] on the island of Adelsö.]]
'''Adelsö''' is an island in the middle of [[Mälaren|Lake Mälaren]] in [[Sweden]], near [[Björkfjärden]]. The island is part of [[Ekerö Municipality]] and [[Stockholm County]]. It is about {{convert|45|km|mi}} by ferry and road west of downtown [[Stockholm]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.distance.to/Lilla-Stenby,Eker%C3%B6,SWE/Stockholms-Centralstation,Centralplan,111-20,Norrmalm,Stockholm,SWE|title=Distance Lilla Stenby, Ekerö, SWE → Stockholms-Centralstation, Centralplan, 111-20. Norrmalm, Stockholm, SWE - Air line, driving route, midpoint|publisher=Distance.to|accessdate=21 April 2022}}</ref> The administrative center of the important [[Vikings|Viking]] settlement [[Birka]] (on the neighbouring island [[Björkö, Ekerö|Björkö]]) was situated at [[Hovgården]] on Adelsö. The road network is connected via a ferry link across a narrow strait to the main island of Ekerö.

==Geography==
The Adelsö landscape consists of [[pine]]-clad rocky hills and [[moraine]] ridges dotted with fields and [[deciduous]] trees, mainly [[oak]]. The highest spot on Adelsö is Kunsta Mountain, which is 53.2 m above sea level. The top of Kunsta has an outlook tower offering a great view of the middle of Lake Mälaren.

There are many edible mushrooms and fruit that can be found on Adelsö including [[chanterelles]], [[Craterellus cornucopioides|black trumpet]], blue berries, lingonberries, juniper berries, cherries, apples, and pears.

==Climate==
Adelsö has a mixture between a [[oceanic climate|maritime]] and [[humid continental climate|continental climate]]. Influenced by its position in the middle of Mälaren, there is [[seasonal lag]] in late winter as the water easily freeze to [[Ice#On lakes|lake ice]]. In summer, Adelsö is just as warm as inland areas during the day and as a result the island has some of the warmest summers in [[Northern Europe]]. This is since Mälaren is shallow and surrounded by a lot of land, which in turn raises lake surface temperatures. Nights are cooler than [[Stockholm#Climate|Stockholm]] year round. The island is dry by Swedish and European standards, with most precipitation arriving being light besides [[convection]] in summer.

{{Weather box|width=auto
|location = Adelsö (2002–2021 averages, extremes since 1995)
|collapsed = 
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 11.2
|Feb record high C = 11.6
|Mar record high C = 17.2
|Apr record high C = 24.1
|May record high C = 27.5
|Jun record high C = 30.3
|Jul record high C = 32.3
|Aug record high C = 33.1
|Sep record high C = 26.8
|Oct record high C = 18.4
|Nov record high C = 15.8
|Dec record high C = 13.3
|year record high C = 
|Jan avg record high C = 6.7
|Feb avg record high C = 7.3
|Mar avg record high C = 12.5
|Apr avg record high C = 18.6
|May avg record high C = 23.9
|Jun avg record high C = 27.3
|Jul avg record high C = 29.1
|Aug avg record high C = 27.9
|Sep avg record high C = 22.6
|Oct avg record high C = 15.9
|Nov avg record high C = 11.4
|Dec avg record high C = 7.8
|year avg record high C = 30.0
|Jan high C = 0.7
|Feb high C = 1.0
|Mar high C = 5.0
|Apr high C = 11.2
|May high C = 16.5
|Jun high C = 20.8
|Jul high C = 23.5
|Aug high C = 22.2
|Sep high C = 17.3
|Oct high C = 10.5
|Nov high C = 5.8
|Dec high C = 2.6
|year high C = 
|Jan mean C = -1.9
|Feb mean C = -2.1
|Mar mean C = 1.0
|Apr mean C = 5.8
|May mean C = 10.9
|Jun mean C = 15.2
|Jul mean C = 18.1
|Aug mean C = 17.2
|Sep mean C = 13.1
|Oct mean C = 7.4
|Nov mean C = 3.6
|Dec mean C = 0.4
|year mean C = 
|Jan low C = -4.5
|Feb low C = -5.2
|Mar low C = -3.1
|Apr low C = 0.4
|May low C = 5.2
|Jun low C = 9.6
|Jul low C = 12.7
|Aug low C = 12.2
|Sep low C = 8.9
|Oct low C = 4.3
|Nov low C = 1.4
|Dec low C = -1.9
|year low C = 
|Jan avg record low C = -16.0
|Feb avg record low C = -15.9
|Mar avg record low C = -11.8
|Apr avg record low C = -5.7
|May avg record low C = -1.8
|Jun avg record low C = 2.8
|Jul avg record low C = 7.4
|Aug avg record low C = 5.6
|Sep avg record low C = 1.2
|Oct avg record low C = -3.4
|Nov avg record low C = -6.6
|Dec avg record low C = -11.1
|year avg record low C = -19.5
|Jan record low C = -27.1
|Feb record low C = -29.1
|Mar record low C = -25.9
|Apr record low C = -9.4
|May record low C = -7.4
|Jun record low C = 0.6
|Jul record low C = 4.5
|Aug record low C = 1.6
|Sep record low C = -2.9
|Oct record low C = -7.8
|Nov record low C = -13.6
|Dec record low C = -27.3
|year record low C = 
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 27.4
|Feb precipitation mm = 23.8
|Mar precipitation mm = 21.1
|Apr precipitation mm = 20.5
|May precipitation mm = 38.3
|Jun precipitation mm = 51.3
|Jul precipitation mm = 54.2
|Aug precipitation mm = 70.1
|Sep precipitation mm = 38.5
|Oct precipitation mm = 48.4
|Nov precipitation mm = 35.6
|Dec precipitation mm = 34.5
|year precipitation mm = 
|unit precipitation days = 1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 8
|Feb precipitation days = 6
|Mar precipitation days = 6
|Apr precipitation days = 6
|May precipitation days = 7
|Jun precipitation days = 9
|Jul precipitation days = 8
|Aug precipitation days = 9
|Sep precipitation days = 7
|Oct precipitation days = 8
|Nov precipitation days = 9
|Dec precipitation days = 10
|year precipitation days = 
|source 1 = SMHI Open Data for Adelsö A, precipitation<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.smhi.se/data/meteorologi/ladda-ner-meteorologiska-observationer/#param=precipitationMonthlySum,stations=all,stationid=97280
| title = Open Data for Adelsö A
| language = sv
| publisher = [[Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute]]
| accessdate = 19 April 2022}}</ref>
|source 2 = SMHI Open Data for Adelsö A, temperature<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.smhi.se/data/meteorologi/ladda-ner-meteorologiska-observationer/#param=airTemperatureMinAndMaxOnceEveryDay,stations=all,stationid=97280
| publisher = [[Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute]]
| language = sv
| title = Open Data for Adelsö A| accessdate = 19 April 2022}}</ref>
|date = April 2022}}

==Demographics==
Adelsö has about 700 permanent residents, a number that has been quite stable throughout the centuries. Many residents commute to jobs in [[Stockholm]], but there are also farmers and fishermen. During the summer months, the island is popular with tourists.

==Transportation==
Buses (lines 311 and 312) run from the bus terminal at [[Brommaplan]] in the middle of [[Bromma]], to [[Sjöängen]] on [[Munsö]]. From here, the {{Interlanguage link|Adelsö Ferry|sv|Adelsöleden}}, a vehicular [[cable ferry]] crosses to Adelsö. Bus 312 travels on the ferry and traverses the whole island. The ferry runs every half hour during the day and hourly during evenings and nights. The night ferry runs less frequently during the summer months

==History==
[[File:Skansbergets fornborg September 2013 08.jpg|300px|thumb|Skansberget fornborg]]
The history of Adelsö began with the [[Stone Age]]. Adelsö at that time consisted of small islands which emerged from the sea at the end of the [[Last Glacial Period|Ice Age]]. Mälaren, a [[freshwater]] lake, did not yet exist, so the [[skerry|skerries]] that were to become Adelsö lay beneath the [[Baltic Sea]].

Fishing, bird- and [[Pinniped|seal-]]hunting created the foundation for the life of the people living there. Graves from the early and late Stone Age exist, but most of the gravesites date from the [[Iron Age]], mostly the [[Viking Age]]. There are also two ancient [[hillfort]]s (''fornborgar'') on Adelsö; one of them, situated on Skansberget near Stenby, is unusually well-preserved.

[[File:Adelsö - KMB - 16000300025798.jpg|thumb|left|Adelsö barrows in the snow]]
Adelsö, earlier called ''Alsnö'' or ''Alsnu'' reflects the importance of the area during the Viking Age. The King's House (''Kungsgården'') was next to Hovgården and the monarch ruled over the nearby  city of [[Birka]].  This is also the site of ''Kungshögarna'' at [[Hovgården]]. ''Kungs'' means king or royal and ''högarna'', from the [[Old Norse]] word ''haugr'', means mound or barrow.

During the latter part of the 12th century, a Christian church was built next to Hovgården. [[Birger Jarl]]'s sons built [[Alsnö hus]], a splendid castle where King [[Magnus Ladulås]] in 1279 assembled the ''Meeting of Alsnö''. At that meeting, the ''[[Ordinance of Alsnö]]'' was established, introducing the privileges of the Swedish [[nobility]].

During the [[Middle Ages]], Alsnö hus was used as a summer palace for kings and [[governor]]s but later fell into ruin. What remains of the castle and several graves near Hovgården was excavated during archeological digs conducted between 1916 and 1926.

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=scb>{{cite web|url=http://www.scb.se/statistik/_publikationer/OV0904_2011A01_BR_02_A01BR1101.pdf |title=Statistisk årsbok 2011 |publisher=[[Statistics Sweden]] |language=Swedish |page=12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113135944/http://www.scb.se/statistik/_publikationer/OV0904_2011A01_BR_02_A01BR1101.pdf |archive-date=13 January 2012 |accessdate=5 July 2011 |url-status = dead|df= }}</ref>
}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.adelso.nu Adelsö] (in Swedish)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20021031090047/http://www.instansia.com/adel/0index.shtml Adelsö] (in Swedish)

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Adelso}}
[[Category:Adelsö| ]]
[[Category:Islands of Mälaren]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Sweden]]
[[Category:Ekerö Municipality]]