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{{Short description|School of poetry in early 20th-century Russia}} '''Acmeism''', or the '''Guild of Poets''', was a [[Modernist poetry|modernist]] transient poetic school, which emerged {{circa|1911}}<ref name="Baldick">{{cite encyclopedia |surname=Baldick |given=Chris |authorlink=Chris Baldick |entry=Acmeism |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms |edition=4th |format=Online Version |year=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780191783234 |entry-url= https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780198715443.001.0001/acref-9780198715443-e-9?rskey=0BwNgj&result=10 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780198715443.001.0001/acref-9780198715443 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> or in 1912 in Russia under the leadership of [[Nikolay Gumilev]] and [[Sergei Gorodetsky]].<ref name="Greene">{{cite encyclopedia |surname=Painter |given=K. |editor-surname=Greene |editor-given=Roland |editor-link=Roland Greene |display-editors=etal |entry=Acmeism |title=The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics |edition=4th rev. |year=2012 |pages=5–6 |entry-url={{Google books|id=uKiC6IeFR2UC|plainurl=y|page=5|keywords=|text=}} |url={{Google books|id=uKiC6IeFR2UC|plainurl=y}} |place=Princeton, NJ |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-15491-6}}</ref><ref name="Merriam">{{cite encyclopedia |entry=Acmeist |title=Merriam Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature |year=1995 |place=Springfield, Ma |publisher=Merriam-Webster |page=9 |entry-url={{Google books|id=eKNK1YwHcQ4C|plainurl=y|page=9|keywords=|text=}} |url={{Google books|id=eKNK1YwHcQ4C|plainurl=y}} |isbn=0-87779-042-6}}</ref> Their ideals were compactness of form and clarity of expression.<ref>Poem for the Day, Two, The Nicholas Albery Foundation, Chatto and Windus, London {{ISBN|0-7011-7401-3}}</ref> The term was coined after the Greek word [[wiktionary:ἀκμή|ἀκμή]] (''akmē''), i.e., "the best age of man". The acmeist mood was first announced by [[Mikhail Kuzmin]] in his 1910 essay "Concerning Beautiful Clarity". The acmeists contrasted the ideal of [[Apollo]]nian clarity (hence the name of their journal, ''[[Apollon (journal)|Apollon]]''<ref name="Merriam" /><ref name=Cuddon>{{cite encyclopedia |surname=Cuddon |given=J.A. |authorlink=J.A. Cuddon |editor=C.E. Preston |title=A Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory |edition=4th rev. |year=1998 |place=Oxford |publisher=Blackwell |isbn=0-631-20271-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryoflite00cudd_0/page/7 7] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryoflite00cudd_0/mode/1up}}</ref>) to "[[Dionysian]] frenzy" propagated by the [[Russian symbolist]] poets like [[Andrei Bely|Bely]] and [[Vyacheslav Ivanov (poet)|Vyacheslav Ivanov]]. To the Symbolists' preoccupation with "intimations through symbols" they preferred "direct expression through images".<ref>{{cite book |editor-surname=Willhardt |editor-given=Mark |editor-surname2=Parker |editor-given2=Alan Michael |title=Who's Who in Twentieth Century World Poetry |series=Who's Who Series |place=London |publisher=Routledge |year=2001 |page=8 |isbn=0-415-16355-2 |doi=10.4324/9780203991992 |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780203991992/twentieth-century-world-poetry-andrew-motion-poet-laureate-alan-parker-mark-willhardt}}</ref> In his later manifesto "The Morning of Acmeism" (1913), [[Osip Mandelstam]] defined the movement as "a yearning for [[world culture]]". As a "[[Neoclassicism|neo-classical]] form of [[modernism]]", which essentialized "poetic craft and cultural continuity", the Guild of Poets placed [[Alexander Pope]], [[Théophile Gautier]], [[Rudyard Kipling]], [[Innokentiy Annensky]], and the [[Parnassian poets]] among their predecessors.<ref>{{cite book |surname=Wachtel |given=Michael |title=The Cambridge Introduction to Russian Poetry |series=Cambridge Introductions to Literature |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2004 |page=8 |isbn=0-521-00493-4 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-introduction-to-russian-poetry/723947054543E2008A58BC019D2F9CC1 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Major poets in this school include [[Osip Mandelstam]], [[Nikolay Gumilev]], [[Mikhail Kuzmin]], [[Anna Akhmatova]], and [[Georgiy Ivanov]]. The group originally met in [[Stray Dog Café|The Stray Dog Cafe, St. Petersburg]], then a celebrated meeting place for artists and writers. Mandelstam's collection of poems ''Stone'' (1912) is considered the movement's finest accomplishment. Amongst the major acmeist poets, each interpreted acmeism in a different stylistic light, from Akhmatova's intimate poems on topics of love and relationships to Gumilev's narrative verse.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/5644|title=poets.org|first=Academy of American|last=Poets|website=poets.org|access-date=26 April 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140406232748/http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/5644|archive-date=2014-04-06}}</ref> == See also == * [[Tagantsev conspiracy]] * [[Imaginism]] * [[Imagism]] * [[Symbolism (arts)]] == References == {{Reflist}} {{Schools of poetry}} {{Russian art movements}} {{Modernism}} {{Avant-garde}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Acmeist Poetry}} [[Category:Russian poetry]] [[Category:Literary movements]] [[Category:Poets' guilds]] [[Category:Russian literary movements]] [[Category:1910 introductions]] [[Category:20th-century literature]] [[Category:20th-century Russian literature]] {{lit-mov-stub}}
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