Editing Abu Qir

{{redirect|Aboukir|ships of the British navy|HMS Aboukir{{!}}HMS ''Aboukir''|the sponge cake|Aboukir (cake)}}
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{{Infobox settlement
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<!-- Basic info  ---------------->
 | name                     = Abu Qir
 | native_name              = ابو قير
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  | photo2a =  AbuQir10RamadanMosque.jpg
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  | text = ''Top left'': 10th of Ramadan Mosque<br> ''Top right'': memorial statue of a muslim warrior<br> ''Bottom'': beach at the north of the town
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'''Abu Qir''' ({{langx|ar|ابو قير}}, ''Abu Qīr'', {{IPA|arz|æbuˈ|}} or {{IPA|arz|æbo ʔiːɾ|}}, {{Langx|cop|ⲁⲡⲁⲕⲩⲣⲓ}} {{Transliteration|cop|Apakyri}}), formerly also spelled '''Abukir''' or '''Aboukir''',{{sfnp|Griffith|1911}} is a town on the [[Mediterranean]] coast of [[Egypt]], near the ruins of ancient [[Canopus, Egypt|Canopus]] and {{convert|23|km|mi|sp=us|0}} northeast of [[Alexandria]] by rail. It is located on Abu Qir Peninsula, with [[Abu Qir Bay]] to the east.

{{anchor|Etymology|Toponymy}}

==Name==
The town's present name is Arabic for "Father Cyrus", one of a pair of fourth century [[Christian martyr]]s venerated as Saints [[Cyrus and John]] by the [[Coptic Church]].{{sfnp|Griffith|1911}}

==History==
{{Main|Canopus, Egypt|Battle of the Nile}}
[[File:Bataille d'Aboukir, 25 juillet 1799.jpg|thumb|''[[The Battle of Aboukir (Lejeune)|The Battle of Aboukir]]'' by [[Louis-François Lejeune]]]]
The remains of many ancient buildings from the Egyptian, Greek and Roman periods can be found near the town. About {{convert|3|km|sp=us|0}} southeast of the town are the ruins of the Ancient Egyptian coastal town of [[Canopus (Egypt)|Canopus]]. A little farther east, the now-dry Canopic branch of the [[Nile]] once entered the Mediterranean.{{sfnp|Chisholm|1911}}

The wide Abu Qir Bay (Khalīj Abū Qīr) stretches eastward from the town as far as the [[Rosetta]] mouth of the Nile. On 1 August 1798 the bay was the location of the [[Battle of the Nile]], fought by the British Admiral [[Horatio Nelson]]. The battle is often referred to as the "Battle of Aboukir Bay", though this title is more properly applied to [[Battle of Abukir (1799)|Battle of Abukir of 1799]], an engagement between the French expeditionary army and the Turks under [[Mustafa Pasha (Egypt)|Mustapha Pasha]] fought on 25 July the following year.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Connelly |first=Owen |year=2006 |title=Blundering to Glory: Napoleon's Military Campaigns |edition=third |location=Lanham, Maryland |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |pages=55–56 |isbn=978-0-7425-5317-0 }}</ref> Later in the war, on 8 March 1801 at the beginning of the [[Battle of Alexandria (1801)|Battle of Alexandria]], units of the British army commanded by [[Sir Ralph Abercromby]] landed from their transports near the town, and faced strenuous opposition from General Louis Friant's French forces entrenched on the beach.<ref name="Farwell">{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Aboukir / Abukir |last=Farwell |first=Byron |year=2001 |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-century Land Warfare: An Illustrated World View |location=New York |publisher=[[W. W. Norton & Company|W. W. Norton]] |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=m-XpP_pdANcC&pg=PA3 3] |isbn=978-0-393-04770-7 }}</ref> The battle continued further down the peninsula toward Alexandria and did not end until 22 March.<ref name="Farwell" />

The town contains a castle that was used as a state prison by [[Muhammad Ali of Egypt|Muhammad Ali]] in the early 19th century.{{sfnp|Chisholm|1911}} The prison was known as Liman Abu Qir.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Fahmy |first=Khaled |year=2004 |chapter=Chapter 15: Towards a Social History of Modern Alexandria |editor-last1=Hirst |editor-first1=Anthony |editor-last2=Silk |editor-first2=Michael |title=Alexandria, Real and Imagined |location=[[Aldershot|Aldershot, England]] |publisher=[[Ashgate Publishing|Ashgate]] |pages=281&ndash;306, page 285 |url=https://www.academia.edu/30316699 |url-access=subscription  |isbn=978-0-7546-3890-2 }}</ref>

In 2000, an Italian archaeological team discovered the remains of British officers, sailors, marines, women, and children on [[Nelson's Island]], which lies in the bay.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Slope |first=Nick |date=17 February 2011 |title=Women in Nelson's Navy: Burials on Nelson's Island |newspaper=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/women_nelson_navy_01.shtml#five }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Reburial for Nelson's comrades |date=18 April 2005 |newspaper=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4455033.stm }}</ref>

==Climate==
[[Köppen-Geiger climate classification system]] classifies its climate as [[hot desert climate|hot desert]] (BWh), but it lies at the [[northern coast of Egypt]], moderating its temperatures. Due to its proximity to [[Alexandria#Climate|Alexandria]], it has a very similar climate. The wettest places in [[climate of Egypt|Egypt]] are [[Rafah, Egypt#Climate|Rafah]], Alexandria, Abu Qir, [[Rosetta#Climate|Rosetta]], [[Baltim#Climate|Baltim]], [[Kafr El Dawwar#Climate|Kafr El Dawwar]], [[Mersa Matruh#Climate|Mersa Matruh]].

{{Weather box
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|location=Abu Qir
|Jan high C=17.8
|Feb high C=18.4
|Mar high C=20.6
|Apr high C=23.5
|May high C=26.6
|Jun high C=29
|Jul high C=29.7
|Aug high C=30.6
|Sep high C=29.7
|Oct high C=28.2
|Nov high C=24.5
|Dec high C=20.1

|Jan mean C=13.7
|Feb mean C=14.3
|Mar mean C=16
|Apr mean C=18.5
|May mean C=21.6
|Jun mean C=24.6
|Jul mean C=25.9
|Aug mean C=26.5
|Sep mean C=25.5
|Oct mean C=23.5
|Nov mean C=20
|Dec mean C=15.9

|Jan low C=9.7
|Feb low C=10.2
|Mar low C=11.4
|Apr low C=13.6
|May low C=16.7
|Jun low C=20.3
|Jul low C=22.1
|Aug low C=22.5
|Sep low C=21.4
|Oct low C=18.9
|Nov low C=15.6
|Dec low C=11.7

|Jan precipitation mm=52
|Feb precipitation mm=31
|Mar precipitation mm=9
|Apr precipitation mm=2
|May precipitation mm=2
|Jun precipitation mm=0
|Jul precipitation mm=0
|Aug precipitation mm=0
|Sep precipitation mm=0
|Oct precipitation mm=7
|Nov precipitation mm=28
|Dec precipitation mm=52

|source 1 = ''Climate-Data.org''<ref>{{cite web|title=Climate: Abu Qir - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/32439/|publisher=Climate-Data.org|access-date=17 August 2013}}</ref>

}}

==See also==
* [[History of Christianity in Egypt]]
* [[HMS Aboukir|HMS ''Aboukir'']]
* [[RAF Aboukir]]
* [[Lake Mariout]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|30em}}

==References==
* {{cite EB9 |mode=cs2 |wstitle=Canopus |ref=none |volume=5 |page=23 }}
* {{Cite EB1911 |mode=cs2 |last=Griffith |first=Francis Llewellyn |authorlink=Francis Llewellyn Griffith |wstitle=Canopus |volume=5 |page=203 }}

'''Attribution:'''
* {{EB1911 |mode=cs2 |wstitle=Aboukir |volume=1 |page=69 }}

==External links==
*{{Wikisource inline |list=
** {{cite CE1913 |first=Siméon |last=Vailhé |wstitle=Canopus |volume=3 |noicon=x |short=x}}
** {{Cite Collier's|wstitle=Aboukir  |noicon=x  |short=x}}
}}
{{Neighborhoods in Alexandria}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Populated places in Alexandria Governorate]]