Editing Aarhus

{{short description|City in Central Denmark Region, Denmark}}
{{about|the city in Denmark|the convention on public participation|Aarhus Convention|the meteorite|Aarhus (meteorite)}}
{{pp-semi-indef}}
{{good article}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Aarhus
| settlement_type    = [[List of cities in Denmark by population|City]]
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| perrow = 1/2/2/1
| total_width = 290
| align = center
| caption_align = center
| image1 = Drone_photo_of_Dokk1_in_Aarhus,_Denmark.jpg
| caption1 = [[Dokk1]] and Aarhus skyline 
| image2             = Aarhus Den Gamle By 16.JPG
| caption2           = [[Den Gamle By]]
| image3             = Park alle tidlig morgen.jpg
| caption3           = [[Park Allé, Aarhus|Park Allé]]
| image4             = Aarhus_Cathedral_-_April_2022.jpg
| caption4           = [[Aarhus Cathedral]]
| image5             = Mejlgade,_skumring.jpg
| caption5           = [[Mejlgade]]
| image6 = Aarhus_Ø,_Kampanilen_og_AARhus_in_Aarhus.jpg
| caption6 = [[Aarhus Docklands]]
}}
| imagesize          = 
| image_caption      = 
| image_map          = 
| mapsize            = 
| map_caption        = 
| pushpin_map        = Denmark#Scandinavia#Europe
| pushpin_relief     = 1
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within Denmark##Location within Scandinavia##Location within Europe
| image_shield       = Coat of arms of Aarhus.svg
| shield_alt         = Aarhus coat of arms
| image_seal         = Aarhus city seal, stylized.png
| seal_alt           = Aarhus city seal from 1421
| nickname           = {{nowrap|Smilets by (City of smiles)}}
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = [[Denmark]]
| subdivision_type1  = [[Regions of Denmark|Region]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Central Denmark Region|Central Denmark Region (''Midtjylland'')]]
| image_map1         = Aarhus Denmark Street Map vector svg free.svg
| mapsize1           = 250px
| map_caption1       = Aarhus Denmark Street Map
| subdivision_type2  = [[Municipalities of Denmark|Municipality]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Aarhus Municipality|Aarhus]]
| government_footnotes = 
| government_type    = [[Magistrate]]
| leader_title       = Mayor
| leader_name        = [[Jacob Bundsgaard]] ([[Social Democrats (Denmark)|S]])
| established_title  = Established
| established_date   = 8th century
| established_title2 = [[Town privileges|City Status]]
| established_date2  = 15th century
| named_for          = [[Aarhus River]] mouth
| unit_pref          = Metric
| area_urban_km2     = 99.4
| area_blank1_title  = Municipal
| area_blank1_km2    = 468
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="DSArea">{{cite web |title=Area by municipality / region |url=http://www.statistikbanken.dk/ARE207 |publisher=[[Statistics Denmark]] |date=8 April 2016 |access-date=8 April 2016 |language=da}}</ref>
| population_as_of   = 1 January 2024
| population_urban   = 295688
| population_density_urban_km2 = 2975
| population_blank1_title = Municipal
| population_blank1  = 367095
| population_density_blank1_km2 = 784
| population_footnotes = <ref name="DSPopulation">{{cite web |title=Population by urban areas, age and sex |url=http://www.statbank.dk/BY1 |publisher=Statistics Denmark |date=26 June 2016 |access-date=26 June 2016 |language=da}}</ref>
| population_rank    = Denmark: [[List of cities in Denmark by population|2nd]]
| population_demonym = Aarhusianer
| timezone           = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset         = +1
| timezone_DST       = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST     = +2
| coordinates        = {{coord|56|09|N|10|13|E|region:DK|display=inline}}
| elevation_footnotes = Highest point in the ity is Hasle Hills, Jelshøj is the highest in the municipality
| elevation_min_m    = 0
| elevation_max_m    = 105
| postal_code_type   = Postal code
| postal_code        = 8000, 8200, 8210, 8220, 8230
| area_code          = (+45) 8
| website            = {{official website|http://www.aarhus.dk/english}}
}}

'''Aarhus''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɔːr|h|uː|s}}, {{IPAc-en|USalso|ˈ|ɑːr|-}},<ref>{{cite American Heritage Dictionary|Århus|access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Århus |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/amp/english/arhus |work=[[Collins English Dictionary]] |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190416051857/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/Aarhus "Aarhus"] (US) and {{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Aarhus |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724205615/https://www.lexico.com/definition/aarhus |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 July 2020 |title=Aarhus |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite Merriam-Webster|Århus|access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref> {{IPA|da|ˈɒːˌhuˀs|lang|Århus.ogg}}; officially spelled '''Århus''' from 1948 until 1 January 2011)<ref name=spelling />{{notetag|See {{slink||Spelling}}.}} is the second-largest city in [[Denmark]] and the seat of [[Aarhus municipality|Aarhus Municipality]]. It is located on the eastern shore of [[Jutland]] in the [[Kattegat]] sea and approximately {{convert|187|km}} northwest of [[Copenhagen]].

Dating back to the late 8th century, Aarhus was founded as a harbour settlement at the mouth of the [[Aarhus River]] and quickly became a trade hub. The first Christian church was built here around the year 900 and later in the Viking Age the town was fortified with defensive ramparts. The [[Ancient See of Aarhus|bishopric of Aarhus]] grew steadily stronger and more prosperous, building several religious institutions in the town during the early [[Middle Ages]]. Trade continued to improve, although it was not until 1441 that Aarhus was granted [[market town]] privileges, and the population of Aarhus remained relatively stable until the 19th century. The city began to grow significantly as trade prospered in the mid-18th century, but not until the mid-19th century did the [[Industrial Revolution]] bring real growth in population. The first railway line in Jutland was built here in 1862. In 1928, the first university in Jutland was founded in Aarhus and today it is a university city and the largest centre for trade, services, industry, and tourism in Jutland.

[[Aarhus Cathedral]] is the longest cathedral in Denmark with a total length of {{convert|93|m|abbr=on}}. The [[Church of Our Lady (Aarhus)|Church of our Lady]] (''Vor Frue Kirke'') was originally built in 1060, making it the oldest stone church in Scandinavia. The [[Aarhus City Hall|City Hall]], designed by [[Arne Jacobsen]] and [[Erik Møller]], was completed in 1941 in a modern [[Functionalism (architecture)|Functionalist]] style. [[Aarhus Theatre]], the largest provincial theatre in Denmark, opposite the cathedral on Bispetorvet, was built by Hack Kampmann in the Art Nouveau style and completed in 1916. [[Musikhuset Aarhus]] (concert hall) and [[Det Jyske Musikkonservatorium]] (Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus/Aalborg) are also of note, as are its museums including the [[open-air museum]] [[Den Gamle By]], the art museum [[ARoS Aarhus Kunstmuseum]], the [[Moesgård Museum]] and the women's museum [[Kvindemuseet]]. The city's major cultural institutions include Den Gamle By, ARoS Aarhus Kunstmuseum, the Moesgård Museum, [[Kvindemuseet|Gender Museum Denmark]], Musikhuset Aarhus and [[Aarhus Theatre]]. Known as ''{{lang|da|Smilets By}}'' (lit. City of Smiles) it is the Danish city with the youngest demographics and home to [[Scandinavia]]'s largest university, [[Aarhus University]].<ref name="DSPopulation"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistikbanken.dk/02|title=Statistikbanken|website=www.statistikbanken.dk}}</ref> Commercially, the city is the principal [[container port]] in the country, and major Danish companies such as [[Vestas]], [[Arla Foods]], [[Salling Group]], and [[Jysk]] have their headquarters there.

==Etymology==
Aarhus is a compound of the two [[Old Norse]] words; {{lang|non|ár}}, genitive of {{wikt-lang|non|á}} ("river", Modern Danish {{lang|da|å}}), and {{lang|non|oss}} ("mouth") referencing the city's location at the mouth of {{lang|da|Aarhus Å|italic=no}} ([[Aarhus River]]).<ref name="The Aarhus River">{{cite web |url=http://www.visitaarhus.dk/east-jutland/history/aarhus-aa |publisher=Visit Aarhus |title=The Aarhus River |access-date=26 June 2016 |language=da |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509202942/http://www.visitaarhus.dk/east-jutland/history/aarhus-aa |archive-date=9 May 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visitaarhus.com/ln-int/denmark/vikings/history-of-aarhus |publisher=Visit Aarhus |title=History of Aarhus |access-date=27 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423120100/http://www.visitaarhus.com/ln-int/denmark/vikings/history-of-aarhus |archive-date=23 April 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=dsd>{{cite web |url=http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Danmarks_geografi_og_historie/Danmarks_geografi/Jylland/Jylland_-_byer/%C3%85rhus |title=Aarhus |publisher=[[Gyldendal]] |access-date=16 July 2014 |language=da}}</ref>

===Spelling===
In [[Valdemar's Census Book]] (1231) the city was called ''Arus'', and in Icelandic it was known as {{lang|is|Aros}}, later written as Aars.<ref name=Salmonsen>{{cite web |url=https://runeberg.org/salmonsen/2/1/0067.html |title=Salmonsens konversationsleksikon / Anden Udgave |page=53 |publisher=[[Salmonsens Konversationsleksikon|Salmonsen]] |access-date=16 July 2014 |language=da}}</ref> The spelling "Aarhus" is first found in 1406 and gradually became the norm in the 17th&nbsp;century.<ref name=Salmonsen/> With the [[Å#Origin|Danish spelling reform of 1948]], "Aa" was changed to "Å". Some Danish cities resisted the change but Aarhus city council opted to change the name.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aarhusportalen.dk/default.asp?Id=1881&AjrDcmntId=30979 |title=Det omstridte bolle-å |publisher=Aarhus portalen |access-date=16 July 2014 |language=da |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808213323/http://www.aarhusportalen.dk/default.asp?Id=1881&AjrDcmntId=30979 |archive-date=8 August 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2010, the city council voted to change the name back from {{lang|da|Århus}} to {{lang|da|Aarhus}} again with effect from 1 January 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dsn.dk/nyheder-og-arrangementer/aarhus-eller-aarhus/|title=Århus eller Aarhus?|website=dsn.dk|access-date=23 January 2023|language=da}}</ref>

It is still grammatically correct to write geographical names with the letter Å and local councils are allowed to use the Aa spelling as an alternative and most newspapers and public institutions will accept either. Some official authorities such as the [[Dansk Sprognævn|Danish Language Committee]], publisher of the [[Retskrivningsordbogen|Danish Orthographic Dictionary]], still retain {{lang|da|Århus}} as the main name, providing {{lang|da|Aarhus}} as a second option, in brackets<ref name=spelling>{{cite web |url=http://dsn.dk/nyt/nyheder/2011/aarhus-eller-aarhus |title=Århus eller Aarhus? |year=2011 |publisher=Danish Language Committee |language=da}}</ref> and some institutions are still using {{lang|da|Århus}} explicitly in their official name, such as the local newspaper {{lang|da|[[Århus Stiftstidende]]|italic=no}} and the schools {{lang|da|[[Århus Kunstakademi]]|italic=no}} and {{lang|da|[[Århus Statsgymnasium]]|italic=no}}. "Aa" was used by some major institutions between 1948 and 2011 as well, such as [[Aarhus University]] or the largest local sports club, {{lang|da|[[Aarhus Gymnastikforening]]|italic=no}} (AGF), which has never used the "Å" spelling.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://politiken.dk/kultur/art5488680/Borgmesters-attentat-p%C3%A5-bolle-%C3%A5-g%C3%A5r-verden-rundt |title=Borgmesters attentat på bolle-å går verden rundt |author=Anne-Bech Danielsen |newspaper=Politiken |language=da |date=20 March 2010| access-date=21 October 2017}}</ref> Certain geographically affiliated names have been updated to reflect the name of the city, such as the Aarhus River, changed from {{lang|da|Århus Å}} to {{lang|da|Aarhus Å}}.<ref name="The Aarhus River"/>

==History==
{{see also|Timeline of Aarhus}}

===Early history===
Founded in the early [[Viking Age]], Aarhus is one of the oldest cities in Denmark, along with [[Ribe]] and [[Hedeby]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gis.aarhus.dk/kommuneatlas/|title=Byhistoriske hovedtræk – Byens grundlæggelse|language=da|publisher=[[Aarhus Municipality]]|access-date=15 August 2014|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130914192312/http://gis.aarhus.dk/kommuneatlas/|archive-date=14 September 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> The original Aros settlement was situated on the northern shores of a [[Förden and East Jutland Fjorde|fjord]] by the mouth of the [[Aarhus River]], right where the city center is today. It quickly became a hub for sea-going trade due to its position on intersecting trade routes in the [[Danish straits]] and the fertile countryside. The trade, however, was not nearly as prominent as that in Ribe and Hedeby during the Viking Age, and it was primarily linked to Norway as evidenced by archaeological finds. A shipbuilding yard from the Viking Age was uncovered upriver in 2002 by archaeologists. It was located at a place formerly known as ''Snekkeeng'', or Snekke Meadow in English ('Snekke' is a type of [[longship]]), east of the [[Brabrand Lake]] close to [[Viby J|Viby]], and it was in use for more than 400 years from the late 700s till around the mid-1200s.<ref name=UBAS>{{cite journal|url=https://bora.uib.no/bora-xmlui/handle/1956/11335|title=Det ældste Århus – ca. 770–1200|publisher=[[Bergen University]]|author=Hans Skov|language=Danish|journal=UBAS Nordisk|volume=5|year=2008|pages=215–226|access-date=2 April 2021}}</ref>

[[File:Scale model of Aarhus.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1|Model of the fortified Viking town Aros (late 900s), north is up]]
Archaeological evidence indicates that Aarhus was a town as early as the last quarter of the 8th&nbsp;century.<ref name="Kristeligt">{{cite news |last=Grymer |first=Claus |title=Vikingernes Aros mellem land og hav |url=http://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/historie/vikingernes-aros-mellem-land-og-hav |newspaper=Kristeligt Dagblad |date=1 June 2005 |access-date=16 July 2014 |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Det Tidligste Århus |trans-title=The earliest Århus |url=http://www.hum.au.dk/moesgaard/vikingemuseet/tidligaros.htm |url-status=live |publisher=The Viking Museum |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421083828/http://www.hum.au.dk/moesgaard/vikingemuseet/tidligaros.htm |archive-date=21 April 2017 |access-date=15 August 2014 |language=da}}</ref> Discoveries after a 2003 archaeological dig included half-buried [[longhouse]]s, firepits, glass pearls and a road dated to the late 700s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hum.au.dk/moesgaard/vikingemuseet/norrevold.htm|title=Excavations – Nørrevold|language=da|publisher=The Viking Museum (Moesgård Museum)|access-date=15 August 2014|archive-date=19 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819090828/http://www.hum.au.dk/moesgaard/vikingemuseet/norrevold.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Several excavations in the inner city since the 1960s have revealed wells, streets, homes and workshops, and inside the buildings and adjoining archaeological layers, everyday utensils like combs, jewellery and basic multi-purpose tools from approximately the year 900 have been unearthed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hum.au.dk/moesgaard/vikingemuseet/udgravninger.htm |title=Excavations |language=da |publisher=The Viking Museum (Moesgård Museum) |access-date=15 August 2014 |archive-date=14 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814094749/http://www.hum.au.dk/moesgaard/vikingemuseet/udgravninger.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref> The early town was fortified with defensive earthen ramparts in the first part of the 900s, possibly in the year 934 on order from king [[Gorm the Old]]. The fortifications were later improved and expanded by his son [[Harald Bluetooth]], encircling the settlement much like the defence structures found at [[Viking ring fortress]]es elsewhere.<ref name="Kristeligt" /> Together with the town's geographical placement, this suggests that Aros became an important military centre in the Viking Age. There are also strong indications of a former royal residence from the same period in [[Viby J|Viby]], a few kilometres south of the Aarhus city centre.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tilbage til vikingetiden |trans-title=Back to the Viking Age |url=https://www.vikingemuseet.dk/om-udstillingen-vikingernes-aros/ |publisher=Vikingemuseet (MOMU) |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kaiser |first=Jens |title=Vikingernes Viby |url=https://jyllands-posten.dk/aarhus/ECE4433725/Vikingernes-Viby/ |publisher=Jyllands-Posten Aarhus |date=12 June 2005 |language=da}}</ref>

The centre of Aarhus was originally a [[Germanic paganism|pagan burial site]] until Aarhus's first Christian church, Holy Trinity Church, a timber structure, was built upon it during the reign of [[Frode]], King of Jutland, around 900.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://danmarkskirker.natmus.dk/uploads/tx_tcchurchsearch/Aarhus_0045-0059.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://danmarkskirker.natmus.dk/uploads/tx_tcchurchsearch/Aarhus_0045-0059.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live|title=Kirkerne i Århus|publisher=Danmarks Kirker: Nationalmuseet|page=52|access-date=16 July 2014 |language=da}}</ref> The [[Diocese of Aarhus|bishopric of Aarhus]] dates back to at least 948 when [[Adam of Bremen]] reported that the missionary bishop [[Reginbrand]] of Aros attended the [[synod of Ingelheim]] in Germany,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://danmarkshistorien.dk/leksikon-og-kilder/vis/materiale/aarhus-domkirke/?tx_historyview_pi1%5Blang%5D=1&cHash=a83dfe233ede9644167a9b5ea9aa35a4|publisher=Aarhus University|title=Aarhus Cathedral|date=2 July 2012|access-date=26 June 2016|archive-date=25 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325000841/http://danmarkshistorien.dk/leksikon-og-kilder/vis/materiale/aarhus-domkirke/?chash=a83dfe233ede9644167a9b5ea9aa35a4&tx_historyview_pi1&#91;lang&#93;=1|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Danmarks_Oldtid/Yngre_Jernalder/Et_samfund_vendt_imod_havet_800-1050_e.Kr/By_efter_by|title=By efter by|date=31 March 2014 |publisher=[[Gyldendal]]|access-date=16 July 2014 |language=da}}</ref> but the late Viking Age during the [[Christianization of Scandinavia|Christianisation of Scandinavia]] was a turbulent and violent time with several naval attacks on the town, such as [[Harald Hardrada]]'s assault around 1050, when the Holy Trinity Church was burned to the ground.<ref name="Kristeligt"/><ref name="year">{{cite web|url=http://danmarkshistorien.dk/leksikon-og-kilder/vis/materiale/svend-estridsen-ca-1019-107476/|publisher=Aarhus University|title=Svend Estridsen, ca. 1019–1074/76|access-date=27 June 2016|language=da}}</ref> Despite the conflicts, Aarhus continued to prosper from the trade and the finding of six [[runestone]]s in and around Aarhus indicates the city had some significance around the year 1000, as only wealthy nobles traditionally used them.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hum.au.dk/moesgaard/vikingemuseet/runesten.htm |title=Vikingernes Aros |publisher=The Viking Museum (Moesgård Museum) |access-date=16 July 2014 |language=da |archive-date=11 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811222222/http://www.hum.au.dk/moesgaard/vikingemuseet/runesten.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Ancient See of Aarhus|bishopric diocese]] was obliterated for almost a hundred years after Reginbrand in 988, but in 1060 a new bishop [[Christian (bishop of Aarhus)|Christian]] was ordained and he founded a new church in Aarhus, ''Sankt Nicolai Domkirke'' ([[St. Nicholas]] [[Cathedral]]), this time in stone. It was erected outside the town fortifications, and stood finished in 1070 at the site where [[Church of Our Lady (Aarhus)|Church of Our Lady]] stands today, but only an underground crypt remains.<ref name="Danmarkshistorien">{{cite web|url=http://danmarkshistorien.dk/leksikon-og-kilder/vis/materiale/aarhus-1/?tx_historyview_pi1%5Blang%5D=1&cHash=42dfd94aaa459af3505372f8b2af029a|publisher=Aarhus University|title=Aarhus|access-date=15 August 2014|archive-date=24 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724213841/http://danmarkshistorien.dk/leksikon-og-kilder/vis/materiale/aarhus-1/?tx_historyview_pi1%5Blang%5D=1&cHash=42dfd94aaa459af3505372f8b2af029a|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bora.uib.no/bora-xmlui/bitstream/handle/1956/11335/det-aeldste-arhus-ca-770-1200.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|title=Church and Priory of Our Lady |website=danmarkshistorien.dk|publisher=Aarhus University|date=24 May 2017 |access-date=27 June 2017}}</ref>

===Middle Ages===
[[File:Århus Katedral2.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Aarhus Cathedral. The cathedral was founded in 1190 and the original version stood finished in the year 1300.]]
The growing influence of the Church during the [[Middle Ages]] gradually turned Aarhus, with its bishopric, into a prosperous religious centre. Many public and religious buildings were built in and around the town; notably [[Aarhus Cathedral]] was initiated in the late 12th&nbsp;century by the influential bishop [[Peder Vognsen]], and around 1200, Aros had a total of four churches. The 13th century also marks a thorough reorganisation, erasing most of the town's original layout with new streets, relocations, dismantling and new constructions. The Church clearly had the upper hand in the Aarhus region during medieval times, and the large [[Ancient See of Aarhus|bishopric of Aarhus]] prospered and expanded territory, reaching as far as [[Viborg, Denmark|Viborg]] in extent.<ref name=UBAS /> In 1441, [[Christopher III]] issued the oldest known charter granting market town status, although similar privileges may have existed as far back as the 12th&nbsp;century. The charter is the first official recognition of the town as a regional power and is by some considered Aarhus's birth certificate.<ref name="Danmarkshistorien" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://aarhuswiki.dk/wiki/%C3%85rhus_k%C3%B8bstads_privilegium |title=Stenbroen |website=AarhusWiki |publisher=Aarhus Stadsarkiv |language=da |access-date=26 July 2015}}</ref>

The commercial and religious status spurred town growth, and in 1477 the defensive earthen ramparts, which had ringed the town since the Viking Age, were abandoned to accommodate expansion. Parts of the ramparts still exist today and can be experienced as steep slopes at the riverside, and they have also survived in some place names of the inner city, including the streets of [[Volden, Aarhus|Volden]] (The Rampart) and [[Graven, Aarhus|Graven]] (The Moat).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hum.au.dk/moesgaard/vikingemuseet/voldgraven.htm |title=The Moat |language=da |publisher=The Viking Museum |access-date=15 August 2014 |archive-date=19 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819090527/http://www.hum.au.dk/moesgaard/vikingemuseet/voldgraven.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://aarhuswiki.dk/wiki/Historien_om_Aarhus |title=Historien om Aarhus |language=da |publisher=Aarhus Stadsarkiv |access-date=26 July 2015}}</ref> Aarhus grew to become one of the largest cities in the country by the early 16th&nbsp;century. In 1657, [[octroi]] was imposed in larger Danish cities which changed the layout and face of Aarhus over the following decades. Wooden city walls were erected to prevent smuggling, with gates and toll booths on the major thoroughfares, [[Mejlgade]] and [[Studsgade]]. The city gates funnelled most traffic through a few streets where merchant quarters were built.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gis.aarhus.dk/kommuneatlas/registranter/stenbro/side6.htm |title=Stenbroen |website=Aarhus Kommunes digitale korttjenester |publisher=Aarhus Kommune |language=da |access-date=22 November 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072940/http://gis.aarhus.dk/kommuneatlas/registranter/stenbro/side6.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>

In the 17th&nbsp;century, Aarhus entered a period of recession as it suffered blockades and bombardments during the [[Dano-Swedish War (1658–60)|Swedish wars]] and trade was dampened by the preferential treatment of the capital by the state.{{sfn|Olsen|2000|p=124}} Not until the middle of the 18th&nbsp;century did growth return, in large part due to trade with the large agricultural [[catchment area]]s around the city; grain, particularly, proved to be a remunerative export.<ref name="Danmarkshistorien"/> The first factories were established at this time, as the [[Industrial Revolution]] reached the country, and in 1810 the harbour was expanded to accommodate growing trade.<ref name=dcfb>{{cite web |url=http://dendigitalebyport.byhistorie.dk/koebstaeder/by.aspx?koebstadID=74 |title=Århus: Byhistorie |publisher=Dansk Center for Byhistorie |access-date=16 July 2014 |language=da}}</ref>

===Industrialisation===
[[File:Aarhus set fra bakkerne i Riis Skov.jpg|right|thumb|View of Aarhus, 1850]]
Aarhus began to prosper in the 1830s as the [[History of Denmark#Industrialisation|industrial revolution]] reached the city and factories with steam-driven machinery became more productive.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ddb.byhistorie.dk/koebstaeder/by.aspx?koebstadID=74|title=Danmarks Købstæder: Århus: Byhistorie|publisher=Dansk Center for Byhistorie|access-date=25 January 2023 |language=da}}</ref> In 1838, the electoral laws were reformed leading to elections for the 15 seats on the city council. The rules were initially very strict, allowing only the wealthiest citizens to run. In the 1844 elections, only 174 citizens qualified out of a total population of more than 7,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aarhus.dk/da/politik/Byraadet/Byens-raad-dengang/Byens-raad-1838-1868.aspx|title=Byens raad 1838–1868|language=da|first=Aarhus|last=Kommune|website=Aarhus Kommune|publisher=Aarhus Municipality|access-date=21 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129072144/https://www.aarhus.dk/da/politik/Byraadet/Byens-raad-dengang/Byens-raad-1838-1868.aspx|archive-date=29 November 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> The first city council, mainly composed of wealthy merchants and industrialists, quickly looked to improve the harbour, situated along the [[Aarhus River]]. Larger ships and growing freight volumes made a river harbour increasingly impractical. In 1840, the harbour was moved to the coast, north of the river, where it became the largest industrial harbour outside Copenhagen over the following 15 years. From the outset, the new harbour was controlled by the city council, as it is to this day.<ref name="Byhistorie.dk">{{cite web|url=http://blog.byhistorie.dk/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/I-medgang-og-modgang-rapport-over-udviklingen-af-den-moderne-havn-i-Aarhus-fra-o.-1840-2006.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://blog.byhistorie.dk/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/I-medgang-og-modgang-rapport-over-udviklingen-af-den-moderne-havn-i-Aarhus-fra-o.-1840-2006.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live|last=Andersen|first=Lasse|title=Rapport over udviklingen af den moderne havn i Aarhus fra o. 1840–2006|website=Dansk Center for Byhistorie|access-date=27 June 2016|language=da}}</ref>

[[File:Preussiske soldater inddriver kvæg ved Domkirken. Set fra Mejlgade (Kunstner Hans Frederik Meyer Visby) 1864.jpg|thumb|Prussian soldiers herding cattle by Aarhus cathedral, 1864]]
During the [[First Schleswig War]], Aarhus was occupied by German troops from 21 June to 24 July 1849. The city was spared any fighting, but in [[Vejlby]] north of the city a cavalry skirmish known as [[Skirmish of Århus|Rytterfægtningen]] took place which stopped the German advance through Jutland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aarhus.dk/sitecore/content/Subsites/AarhusStadsarkiv/Home/Servicesider/Nyheder/2014/3-kvartal/Ugens-Aarhushistorie-Rytterfaegtningen.aspx?sc_lang=da|title=Ugens Aarhushistorie – Rytterfægtningen|website=Aarhus Stadsarkiv|publisher=Aarhus Kommune|language=da|access-date=22 November 2014|archive-date=20 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620103806/http://www.aarhus.dk/sitecore/content/Subsites/AarhusStadsarkiv/Home/Servicesider/Nyheder/2014/3-kvartal/Ugens-Aarhushistorie-Rytterfaegtningen.aspx?sc_lang=da|url-status=dead}}</ref> The war and occupation left a notable impact on the city as many streets, particularly on [[Frederiksbjerg]], are named after Danish officers of the time. Fifteen years later, in 1864, the city was occupied again, this time for seven months, during the [[Second Schleswig War]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stiften.dk/nyheder/1864-jylland-besat-af-tyske-tropper|title=1864 Jylland besat af tyske tropper|first=Ivan Freund|last=Nielsen|publisher=Aarhus Stiftstidende|language=da|date=10 October 2014|access-date=22 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141208170205/http://stiften.dk/nyheder/1864-jylland-besat-af-tyske-tropper|archive-date=8 December 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://danmarkshistorien.dk/perioder/det-unge-demokrati-1848-1901/treaarskrigen-1848-50-1-slesvigske-krig/|title=Det unge demokrati 1848–1901|publisher=Aarhus University|first=Erik Strange|last=Petersen|language=da|access-date=27 June 2016|archive-date=19 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119145912/http://danmarkshistorien.dk/perioder/det-unge-demokrati-1848-1901/treaarskrigen-1848-50-1-slesvigske-krig/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In spite of wars and occupation, the city continued to expand and develop. In 1851, the [[octroi]] was abolished and the city walls were removed to provide easier access for trade. Regular [[steamship]] links with Copenhagen had begun with the ''[[Dandy (paddle steamer)|Jylland]]'' in 1825–26 and the ''[[PS Quentin Durward (1823)|Dania]]'' (1827–36), and in 1862 Jutland's first railway was established between Aarhus and [[Randers]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Fælles kræfter. Danske dampskibe indtil 1870, bind III |last=Munchaus Petersen |first=Holger |year=1986 |publisher=Fiskerimuseets Forlag |location=Esbjerg |isbn=87-87453-25-8 |page=89 |language=da}}</ref><ref name="Byhistorie.dk"/>

[[File:Havne udsigt fra dokken.jpg|thumb|right|''Toldkammeret'' (Custom House, 1898)]]
In the second half of the 19th&nbsp;century, industrialisation came into full effect and a number of new industries emerged around production and refinement of agricultural products, especially oil and butter. Many companies from this time would come to leave permanent iconic marks on Aarhus. The [[Ceres Brewery]] was established in 1856 and served as Aarhus's local brewery for more than 150 years, gradually expanding into an industrial district known as ''Ceres-grunden'' (lit.: the Ceres-ground).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ceres.dk/Default.aspx?ID=25|last=Ceres|title=History|access-date=27 June 2016|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328140433/http://www.ceres.dk/Default.aspx?ID=25|archive-date=28 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hoflev.dk/article.asp?id=134|last=Ceres|title=Ceres Bryggerierne A/S|year=2013|website=Hoflev|access-date=27 June 2016|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507181622/http://www.hoflev.dk/article.asp?id=134|archive-date=7 May 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aarhusportalen.dk/ceres-grunden.asp|title=Ceres-grunden|language=da|publisher=Aarhusportalen (Jyllands-Posten)|access-date=11 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814092510/http://www.aarhusportalen.dk/ceres-grunden.asp|archive-date=14 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1896, local farmers and businessmen created [[Korn- og Foderstof Kompagniet]] (KFK), focused on grain and [[Animal feed|feedstuffs]]. KFK established departments all over the country, while its headquarters remained in Aarhus where its large grain silos still stand today.{{sfn|Gejl|1996|p=1...}}{{sfn|Jansen|1971|p=1...}} [[Otto Mønsted]] created the Danish Preserved Butter Company in 1874, focusing on butter export to England, China and Africa and later founded the Aarhus Butterine Company in 1883, the first Danish margarine factory.<ref name="Otto">{{cite web|url=http://danmarkshistorien.dk/leksikon-og-kilder/vis/materiale/otto-moensted-1839-1916/|publisher=Aarhus University|title=Otto Mønsted (1839–1916)|date=26 May 2015|access-date=27 June 2016|language=da}}</ref> His company became an important local employer, with factory employees increasing from 100 in 1896 to 1,000 in 1931, partaking in the effective transformation of the city from a regional trade hub to an industrial centre.{{sfn|Travis|1998|p=336}} Other new factories of note included the [[dockyard]] [[Aarhus Flydedok]] and the [[oil mill]] [[Aarhus Oliefabrik A/S|Århus Oliefabrik]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KVFpAAAAMAAJ&q=Aarhus+Flydedok+%C3%85rhus+Oliefabrik|title=The Scandinavian Year Book: A Comprehensive Guide to ... - Page 512|publisher=Dawson|year=1953|page=512}}</ref>

Aarhus became the largest provincial city in the country by the turn of the century and the city marketed itself as the "Capital of Jutland". The population increased from 15,000 in 1870 to 52,000 in 1901 and, in response, the city annexed large land areas to develop new residential quarters such as [[Trøjborg]], [[Frederiksbjerg]] and [[Marselisborg]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gis.aarhus.dk/kommuneatlas/registranter/frederiksbjerg/side1.htm |title=Frederiksbjerg Øst – Århus |language=da |author=Magistratens 2. Afdeling |year=1979 |website=Kommuneatlas |publisher=Aarhus Municipality |access-date=15 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304022939/http://gis.aarhus.dk/kommuneatlas/registranter/frederiksbjerg/side1.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Many of its cultural institutions were also established at this time such as [[Aarhus Theatre]] (1900), the original [[Vester Allé 12|State Library]] (1902), [[Aarhus University]] (1928) and several hospitals.<ref>[[Aarhus County Hospital]], 1882, [[Aarhus Municipal Hospital]] (1893), [[Marselisborg Hospital]] (1913).</ref>

===Second World War===
[[File:7487068-70-r-siden-eksplosionen-p-aarhus-havn---1.jpg|thumb|Devastation in the wake of the [[1944 explosion in Aarhus|explosion on 4 July 1944]] in the harbour]]
On 9 April 1940, [[Nazi Germany]] invaded Denmark, occupying Aarhus the following day; the occupation lasted for five years. This was a destructive period with major disasters, loss of life and economic depression. The [[Port of Aarhus]] became a hub for supplies to the [[Baltics]] and [[Norway]], while the surrounding rail network supplied the [[Atlantic Wall]] in west Jutland and cargo headed for Germany. Combined, these factors resulted in a strong German presence, especially in 1944–45.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aarhuswiki.dk/wiki/Den_tyske_bes%C3%A6ttelse|title=Aarhus Besættelse|publisher=[[Vester Allé 12#Aarhus City Archives|Aarhus City Archives]]|access-date=8 April 2016}}</ref>

[[File:Danish resistance fighters injured during fighting with German troops in Aarhus, Bispetorv, 5 May, 1945.jpg|thumb|Resistance fighters on [[Bispetorv, Aarhus|Bispetorv]] fighting with German soldiers, 5 May 1945]]
Small [[Danish resistance movement|resistance groups]] first appeared in 1941–42 but the first to co-ordinate with the [[Danish Freedom Council|Freedom Council]] was the [[Samsing Group]], responsible for most operations from early 1943.{{sfn|Hansen|1946|p=13}}{{sfn|Alenius|2002|p=34}} The Samsing group, along with others in and around Aarhus, was dismantled in June 1944 when [[Grethe Bartram|Grethe "Thora" Bartram]] turned her family and acquaintances over to German authorities.{{sfn|Kristensen|2010|p=52}} In response, requests for assistance were sent to contacts in England and in October 1944 the [[Royal Air Force]] [[Aarhus Air Raid|bombed the Gestapo headquarters]] successfully destroying archives and obstructing the ongoing investigation.{{sfn|Zabecki|1999|pp=1350–1}}{{sfn|Trenear-Harvey|2009|p=2}}

In the summer of 1944 the Copenhagen-based resistance group [[Holger Danske (resistance group)|Holger Danske]] helped establish the [[5 Kolonne]] group and an [[Special Operations Executive|SOE]] agent arrived from England to liaison with the [[L-groups]].{{sfn|Hauerbach|1945|p=8}} Subsequently, resistance operations escalated which was countered with [[Schalburgtage]] terror operations by the [[Peter group]].{{sfn|Hauerbach|1945|p=22}}{{sfn|Knudsen|2009|p=76}} The increasingly destructive occupation was compounded when an [[1944 explosion in Aarhus|ammunition barge exploded]] in July 1944, destroying much of the harbour area.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://stiften.dk/aarhus/70-aar-siden-eksplosionen-paa-aarhus-havn|title=70 aar siden eksplosionen|newspaper=[[Århus Stiftstidende]]|access-date=21 November 2014}}</ref> On 5 May 1945 German forces in Denmark surrendered but during the transitional period fighting broke out resulting in 22 dead.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jyllands-posten.dk/aarhus/ECE4463374/blodbad-pa-bispetorvet/|title=Blodbad på Bispetorvet|date=10 April 1948 |publisher=[[Jyllandsposten]]|access-date=21 November 2014}}</ref> On 8 May the British [[1st The Royal Dragoons|Royal Dragoons]] entered the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.befrielsen1945.dk/erindringer/indsendte/205.html|title=The Royal Dragoons ankomst til Danmark|publisher=5. Maj-Komiteen|access-date=8 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415165405/http://www.befrielsen1945.dk/erindringer/indsendte/205.html|archive-date=15 April 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Post-World War II years===
In the 1970s and 1980s the city entered a period of rapid economic growth and the service sector overtook trade, industry and crafts as the leading sector of employment for the first time.<ref name=dhdk/> Workers gradually began commuting to the city from most of east and central Jutland as the region became more interconnected. The student population tripled between 1965 and 1977 turning the city into a Danish centre of research and education.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.au.dk/om/profil/historie/aarstal/|title=VIGTIGE ÅRSTAL|publisher=Aarhus Universitet|access-date=23 November 2014}}</ref> The growing and comparably young population initiated a period of creativity and optimism; [[Gaffa (magazine)|Gaffa]] and the [[KaosPilot]] school were founded in 1983 and 1991 respectively, and Aarhus was at the centre of a renaissance in Danish rock and pop music launching bands and musicians such as [[TV-2 (band)|TV2]], [[Gnags]], [[Thomas Helmig]], [[Bamses Venner]], [[Anne Dorte Michelsen]], [[Mek Pek]] and [[Shit & Chanel]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dengamleby.dk/aarhusrocks/|title=Aarhus Rocks|publisher=Den Gamle By|access-date=23 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112122249/http://www.dengamleby.dk/aarhusrocks/|archive-date=12 November 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nordeafonden.dk/aarhus-rocks-byen-og-musikken-1960-2014|title=Byen og Musikken 1960–2914|publisher=NordeaFonden|access-date=23 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725070116/http://nordeafonden.dk/aarhus-rocks-byen-og-musikken-1960-2014|archive-date=25 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Danmarks_geografi_og_historie/Danmarks_geografi/Jylland/Jylland_-_byer/%C3%85rhus/%C3%85rhus_(Musikliv)|title=Aarhus – rytmisk musik|publisher=[[Gyldendal]]|access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref>

=== The 2000s ===
[[File:Aarhus docklands by night.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.5|Urban development in Aarhus city centre, 2013]]
Since the turn of the millennium, Aarhus has seen an unprecedented building boom with many new institutions, infrastructure projects, city districts and recreational areas. Several of the construction projects are among the largest in Europe, such as the [[Aarhus University Hospital|New University Hospital]] (DNU) and the harbourfront redevelopment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archello.com/project/aarhus-university-hospital---auh|title=Hospital City on a Human Scale - the New University Hospital in Aarhus|publisher=Archello|access-date=25 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://trap.lex.dk/Aarhus_Havn|title=Aarhus Havn|date=November 2019 |publisher=lex: TrapDanmark|access-date=25 January 2023 |language=da}}</ref>

Both the skyline and land use of the inner city is changing, as former industrial sites are being redeveloped into new city districts and neighbourhoods. Starting in 2008, the former docklands known as ''De Bynære Havnearealer'' (The Peri-urban Harbour-areas), and closest to the city seaside, are being converted to new mixed-use districts. It is among the largest harbourfront projects in Europe. The northern part dubbed ''Aarhus Ø'' ([[Aarhus Docklands]]) is almost finished as of 2018, while the southern district dubbed ''Sydhavnskvarteret'' (The South-harbour neighbourhood) is only starting to be developed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aarhus.dk/da/politik/Politikker-og-planer/Byudvikling-og-planlaegning/De-Bynaere-Havnearealer.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422202630/https://www.aarhus.dk/da/politik/Politikker-og-planer/Byudvikling-og-planlaegning/De-Bynaere-Havnearealer.aspx|url-status=dead|title=De Bynære Havnearealer|archive-date=22 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessaarhus.dk/da/Fremtidens-Aarhus/Udviklingsomraader/Aarhus-Oe.aspx|title=Business Aarhus, Aarhus Ø|publisher=Business Aarhus|access-date=20 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129062245/http://www.businessaarhus.dk/da/Fremtidens-Aarhus/Udviklingsomraader/Aarhus-Oe.aspx|archive-date=29 November 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[http://www.aarhus.dk/da/erhverv/byggeri-og-grunde/Byudvikling/Sydhavnskvarteret.aspx Sydhavnskvarteret] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180423033243/http://www.aarhus.dk/da/erhverv/byggeri-og-grunde/Byudvikling/Sydhavnskvarteret.aspx |date=23 April 2018}} {{in lang|da}}</ref> The adjacent site of Frederiks Plads at the former [[DSB (railway company)|DSB]] repair facilities have been under construction since 2014 as a new business and residential quarter.<ref>Official homepage: [http://frederiksplads.dk/ Frederiks Plads] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502171159/http://frederiksplads.dk/ |date=2 May 2018}} {{in lang|da}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frederiksplads.dk/projekter/id%C3%A9en.aspx|title=Frederiks Plads|publisher=NCC Property Development A/S|access-date=20 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129040101/http://www.frederiksplads.dk/projekter/id%C3%A9en.aspx|archive-date=29 November 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cfmoller.com/g/Frederiks-Plads-ny-bydel-i-centrum-af-Aarhus-i13235.html|title=Frederiks Plads|publisher=C. F. Møller|access-date=20 November 2014}}</ref> The main bus terminal close by is planned to be moved to the central railway station and the site will be redeveloped to a new residential neighbourhood.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aarhus.lokalavisen.dk/stor-ombygning-af-aarhus-h-fremrykkes-/20140530/artikler/706039475/1449|title=Stor ombygning af Aarhus H Fremrykkes|publisher=Lokalavisen Aarhus|access-date=20 November 2014|archive-date=7 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207153126/http://aarhus.lokalavisen.dk/stor-ombygning-af-aarhus-h-fremrykkes-/20140530/artikler/706039475/1449|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessaarhus.dk/da/Fremtidens-Aarhus/Udviklingsomraader/Rutebilstationen.aspx|title=Business Aarhus, Rutebilstation|publisher=Business Aarhus|access-date=20 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129062121/http://www.businessaarhus.dk/da/Fremtidens-Aarhus/Udviklingsomraader/Rutebilstationen.aspx|archive-date=29 November 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Elsewhere in the inner city, the site of the former [[Ceres Brewery|Ceres breweries]] was redeveloped in 2012–2019 as a new mixed use neighbourhood known as [[CeresByen]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ceresbyen.dk/ |title=CeresByen.dk|publisher=CeresByen |access-date=20 November 2014}}</ref>

Construction of [[Aarhus Letbane]], the first [[light rail]] system in the country, commenced in 2013, and the first increment was finished in December 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://stiften.dk/aarhus/Letbanen-aabner-torsdag-med-gratis-ture/artikel/491217|title=Letbanen åbner torsdag med gratis ture|trans-title=The light rail opens thursday with free rides|newspaper=Århus Stiftstidende|author=Camilla Wilhardt Boesen|date=21 December 2017|access-date=20 November 2014}}</ref> Since then, the lightrail service has been expanded with two intercity sections to the towns of [[Odder]] and [[Grenå]], respectively, and also includes a northward leg to the suburb of [[Lisbjerg]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://stiften.dk/aarhus/Sidste-tests-Snart-er-Odderbanen-klar-til-passagerer/artikel/526303|title=Sidste tests: Snart er Odderbanen klar til passagerer|trans-title=Last tests: Soon Odderbanen is ready for passengers|newspaper=Århus Stiftstidende|date=31 July 2018|access-date=3 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802235702/https://stiften.dk/aarhus/Sidste-tests-Snart-er-Odderbanen-klar-til-passagerer/artikel/526303|archive-date=2 August 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.letbanen.dk/nyheder/nyheder/2019/grenaa-driftsstart/|title=Letbanen åbner for passagerdrift til Grenaa 30. april|date=24 April 2019 |publisher=Letbanen|access-date=3 August 2019}}</ref> The light rail system is planned to tie many other suburbs closer to central Aarhus in the future, with the next phase including local lines to [[Brabrand]] in the east and [[Hinnerup]] to the north.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.letbanen.dk/nyheder/nyheder/2018/33-etape-2-ruller-videre/|title=Grønt lys fra politikerne: Etape 2 ruller videre|date=26 June 2018 |trans-title=Green light from the politicians: Stage 2 rolls on|publisher=Letbanen|access-date=3 August 2019}}</ref>

Accelerating growth since the early 2000s, brought the inner urban area to roughly 260,000 inhabitants by 2014. The rapid growth is expected to continue until at least 2030 when Aarhus municipality has set an ambitious target for 375,000 inhabitants.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aarhus.dk/da/aarhus/FremtidensAarhus1.aspx|title=Fremtidens Aarhus|publisher=Aarhus Kommune|access-date=20 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129063823/http://www.aarhus.dk/da/aarhus/FremtidensAarhus1.aspx|archive-date=29 November 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:Aerial view of Aarhus 2015.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of the bay and city]]
Aarhus is located at the [[Bay of Aarhus]] facing the [[Kattegat]] sea in the east with the peninsulas of [[Mols]] and [[Helgenæs]] across the bay to the northeast. Mols and Helgenæs are both part of the larger regional peninsula of [[Djursland]]. A number of larger cities and towns is within easy reach from Aarhus by road and rail, including [[Randers]] ({{convert|38.5|km}} by road north), [[Grenå]] (northeast), [[Horsens]] ({{convert|50|km}} south) and [[Silkeborg]] ({{convert|44|km}} east).<ref name="GM">{{Google maps|url=http://www.freemaptools.com/how-far-is-it-between.htm|access-date=18 December 2014}}</ref>

===Topography===
At Aarhus's location, the Bay of Aarhus provides a natural harbour with a depth of {{convert|10|m|abbr=on}} quite close to the shore.{{sfn|Olsen|2000|p=124}} Aarhus was founded at the mouth of a brackish water [[Förden and East Jutland Fjorde|fjord]], but the original fjord no longer exists, as it has gradually narrowed into what is now the [[Aarhus River]] and the [[Brabrand Lake]], due to natural [[Sediment transport#Fluvial|sedimentation]]. The land around Aarhus was once covered by forests, remains of which exist in parts of [[Marselisborg Forest]] to the south and [[Riis Skov]] to the north.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Danmarks_geografi_og_historie/Danmarks_geografi/Jylland/Riis_Skov|title=Riis Skov|publisher=[[Gyldendal]]|access-date=28 July 2014 |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dengamleby.dk/museum-aarhus/malerier-fra-aarhus/marselisborgskovene/ |title=Marselisborgskovene |publisher=Den Gamle By |access-date=27 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306053230/http://www.dengamleby.dk/museum-aarhus/malerier-fra-aarhus/marselisborgskovene/ |archive-date=6 March 2014}}</ref> Several lakes extend west from the inner city as the landscape merges with the larger region of [[Søhøjlandet]] with heights exceeding {{convert|152|m|ft}} at [[Himmelbjerget]] between [[Skanderborg]] and [[Silkeborg]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aarhus.dk/~/media/Dokumenter/Teknik-og-Miljoe/Natur-og-Miljoe/Ud-i-naturen/Stier-og-ruter/6-infotavler-Vandreruten-Aarhus-Silkeborg.ashx|title=Vandreruten Aarhus-Silkeborg|publisher=Aarhus.dk|access-date=1 August 2014|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809204445/http://www.aarhus.dk/~/media/Dokumenter/Teknik-og-Miljoe/Natur-og-Miljoe/Ud-i-naturen/Stier-og-ruter/6-infotavler-Vandreruten-Aarhus-Silkeborg.ashx|archive-date=9 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> The highest natural point in Aarhus Municipality is Jelshøj at 128 metres above sea level, in the southern district of [[Højbjerg]]. The hilltop is home to a [[Nordic Bronze Age|Bronze Age]] barrow shrouded in local myths and legends.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fortidsmindeguide.dk/Jelshoej.br011.0.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518173721/http://www.fortidsmindeguide.dk/Jelshoej.br011.0.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 May 2011 |title=Jelshøj – en storhøj fra bronzealderen |language=da |publisher=Danmarks Kulturarvs Forening (DAKUA) |access-date=15 October 2017}}</ref>

The hilly area around Aarhus consists of a [[moraine|morainal plateau]] from the last ice age, broken by a complex system of [[tunnel valley]]s. The most prominent valleys of this network are the Aarhus Valley in the south, stretching inland east–west with the Aarhus River, Brabrand Lake, Årslev Lake and Tåstrup Lake, and the [[Egå|Egå Valley]] to the north, with the stream of [[Egå]]en, [[Egå Engsø]], the bog of [[Geding-Kasted Mose]] and [[Geding Lake]]. Most parts of the two valleys have been drained and subsequently farmed, but in the early 2000s some of the drainage was removed and parts of the wetlands were restored for environmental reasons. The valley system also includes the stream of Lyngbygård Å in the west and valleys to the south of the city, following erosion channels from the [[quaternary|pre-quaternary]]. By contrast, the Aarhus River Valley and the Giber River Valley are late [[glacial meltwater valley]]s. The coastal cliffs along the Bay of Aarhus consist of shallow [[tertiary]] clay from the [[Eocene]] and [[Oligocene]] (57 to 24 million years ago).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Danmarks_geografi_og_historie/Danmarks_geografi/Danmarks_kommuner/%C3%85rhus_Kommune|title=Aarhus Kommune|publisher=[[Gyldendal]]|access-date=19 July 2014|language=da|archive-date=2 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502021559/http://denstoredanske.dk/Danmarks_geografi_og_historie/Danmarks_geografi/Danmarks_kommuner/%c3%85rhus_Kommune|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://extra.geus.info/web/nm-grundvand-brabrand-dalen.htm|title=Brabrand Dalen|date=13 January 2005|publisher=[[Aarhus County]]|access-date=9 April 2016|language=da}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ntsnet.dk/sites/default/files/%C3%85rhus%20%C3%85dal.pdf|title=Aarhus Ådal|publisher=[[Danish Ministry of Education]]|access-date=9 April 2016|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000141/http://ntsnet.dk/sites/default/files/%C3%85rhus%20%C3%85dal.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://gis.aarhus.dk/kommuneatlas/|title=Landskab og bebyggelse|publisher=[[Aarhus Municipality]]|access-date=9 April 2016|language=da|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130914192312/http://gis.aarhus.dk/kommuneatlas/|archive-date=14 September 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Climate===
{{climate chart
|[[Jutland|East Jutland]]
|−2.7|2.4|60
|−2.8|2.5|41
|−0.9|5.4|48
|1.2|10.5|42
|5.5|15.8|50
|9.2|18.9|55
|11.3|21.2|67
|11.1|20.8|65
|7.8|16.3|72
|5.0|11.8|77
|1.5|6.9|80
|−0.9|4.1|68
|float=right
|clear=none
|units=metric
|source=Dansk Meteorologisk Institut<ref name="DMI-climate"/>}}

Aarhus has a [[Oceanic climate#Marine west coast (Cfb)|temperate oceanic]] climate ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Cfb'')<ref name="climate-data">{{cite web|url=http://en.climate-data.org/country/169/|title=Climate: Denmark, Aarhus|publisher=Climate Data|language=da|access-date=25 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026165109/http://en.climate-data.org/country/169/|archive-date=26 October 2016|url-status=live}}, Note:The Köppen World Map is rather course-scaled, and not very useful or precise on scales the size of Denmark.</ref> and the weather is constantly influenced by major weather systems from [[Points of the compass|all four ordinal directions]], resulting in unstable conditions throughout the year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dmi.dk/vejr/til-lands/maaned-og-saeson/vejrkorset-efteraarsvejrets-fire-hjoerner/ |title=Vejrkorset - efterårsvejrets fire hjørner |trans-title=The Weathercross - the four corners of autumn weather |publisher=[[Danish Meteorological Institute]] |language=da |first1=Michael|last1=Skelbæk|first2=Niels|last2=Hansen|date=16 September 2015 |access-date=14 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180215024207/https://www.dmi.dk/vejr/til-lands/maaned-og-saeson/vejrkorset-efteraarsvejrets-fire-hjoerner/ |archive-date=15 February 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Temperature varies a great deal across the seasons with a mild spring in April and May, warmer summer months from June to August, frequently rainy and windy autumn months in October and September and cooler winter months, often with frost and occasional snow, from December to March. The city centre experiences the same climatic effects as other larger cities with higher wind speeds, more fog, less precipitation and higher temperatures than the surrounding, open land.<ref name="WeatherOnline">{{cite web |url=http://www.weatheronline.co.uk/reports/climate/Denmark.htm |title=Denmark |publisher=WeatherOnline |access-date=24 November 2014 |language=da}}</ref>

Western winds from the Atlantic and [[North Sea]] are dominant resulting in more precipitation in western Denmark. In addition, Jutland rises sufficiently in the centre to lift air to higher, colder altitudes contributing to increased precipitation in eastern Jutland. Combined, these factors make east and south Jutland comparatively wetter than other parts of the country.<ref name="DMI-climate"/> Average temperature over the year is {{convert|8.43|°C}} with February being the coldest month ({{convert|0.1|C|F|disp=or}}) and August the warmest ({{convert|15.9|C|F|disp=or}}). Temperatures in the sea can reach {{convert|17|-|22|C|F}} in June to August, but it is not uncommon for beaches to register {{convert|25|C|F}} locally.<ref name="WeatherOnline"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ditdanmark.com/article.95.html |title=The climate in Denmark |publisher=DitDanmark |access-date=9 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305212556/http://www.ditdanmark.com/article.95.html |archive-date=5 March 2016}}</ref>

The geography in the area affects the local climate of the city with the Aarhus Bay imposing a temperate effect on the low-lying valley floor where central Aarhus is located. [[Brabrand Lake]] to the west further contributes to this effect and as a result, the valley has a comparably mild, temperate climate. The sandy ground on the valley floor dries up quickly after winter and warms faster in the summer than the surrounding hills of moist-retaining [[boulder clay]]. These conditions affect crops and plants that often bloom 1–2 weeks earlier in the valley than on the northern and southern hillsides.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.denstoredanske.dk/index.php?title=Danmarks_geografi_og_historie/Danmarks_geografi/Danmarks_kommuner/%C3%85rhus_Kommune|title=Aarhus Kommune|publisher=[[Gyldendal]]|access-date=23 November 2014|language=da}}</ref>

Because of the northern latitude, the number of daylight hours varies considerably between summer and winter. On the summer solstice, the sun rises at 04:26 and sets at 21:58, providing 17 hours 32 minutes of daylight. On the winter solstice, it rises at 08:37 and sets at 15:39 with 7 hours and 2 minutes of daylight. The difference in length of days and nights between summer and winter solstices is 10 hours and 30 minutes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.torbenhermansen.dk/almanak/almanak.php#|title=Sol op/ned |publisher=Almanak|access-date=17 November 2013|language=da}}</ref>

{{Weather box|width=auto
|collapsed=yes
|location=East Jutland (Tirstrup) (1961–1990)
|metric first=Yes
|single line=Yes
|Jan high C = 2.4
|Feb high C = 2.5
|Mar high C = 5.4
|Apr high C = 10.5
|May high C = 15.8
|Jun high C = 18.9
|Jul high C = 21.2
|Aug high C = 20.8
|Sep high C = 16.3
|Oct high C = 11.8
|Nov high C = 6.9
|Dec high C = 4.1
|year high C= 11.4
|Jan mean C=  0.2
|Feb mean C=  0.1
|Mar mean C=  2.3
|Apr mean C=  5.8
|May mean C= 10.8
|Jun mean C= 14.1
|Jul mean C= 16.2
|Aug mean C= 15.9
|Sep mean C= 12.1
|Oct mean C= 8.7
|Nov mean C= 4.4
|Dec mean C= 1.8
|Jan low C= -2.7
|Feb low C= −2.8
|Mar low C= -0.9
|Apr low C= 1.2
|May low C= 5.5
|Jun low C= 9.2
|Jul low C= 11.3
|Aug low C= 11.8
|Sep low C= 7.8
|Oct low C= 5.0
|Nov low C= 1.5
|Dec low C= -0.9
|year low C= 3.8
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm=60
|Feb precipitation mm=41
|Mar precipitation mm=48
|Apr precipitation mm=42
|May precipitation mm=50
|Jun precipitation mm=55
|Jul precipitation mm=67
|Aug precipitation mm=65
|Sep precipitation mm=72
|Oct precipitation mm=77
|Nov precipitation mm=80
|Dec precipitation mm=68
|year precipitation mm=722
|unit rain days=1mm
|Jan rain days=11
|Feb rain days=8
|Mar rain days=7
|Apr rain days=9
|May rain days=9
|Jun rain days=9
|Jul rain days=10
|Aug rain days=10
|Sep rain days=11
|Oct rain days=11
|Nov rain days=13
|Dec rain days=12
|Jan sun=41
|Feb sun=75
|Mar sun=141
|Apr sun=207
|May sun=254
|Jun sun=251
|Jul sun=243
|Aug sun=239
|Sep sun=165
|Oct sun=101
|Nov sun=65
|Dec sun=45
|year sun=1827
|source = {{cite web|url=https://www.dmi.dk/vejrarkiv/|title=Danish Meteorological Institute}}
}}

==Politics and administration==
[[File:Aarhus City Hall spring 2017 2.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Aarhus City Hall from 1942]]
{{For|further information about politics|Aarhus Municipality|List of mayors of Aarhus}}
Aarhus is the seat of Aarhus Municipality, and Aarhus City Council (''Aarhus Byråd'') is also the municipal government with headquarters in [[Aarhus City Hall]]. The Mayor of Aarhus since 2010 is [[Jacob Bundsgaard]] of the [[Social Democrats (Denmark)|Social Democrats]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aarhus.lokalavisen.dk/nyheder/2017-11-22/-Jacob-Bundsgaard-forts%C3%A6tter-som-borgmester-i-Aarhus-Kommune-915580.html|title=Jacob Bundsgaard fortsætter som borgmester i Aarhus Kommune|trans-title=Jacob Bundsgaard continues as Mayor in Aarhus Municipality|publisher=Lokalavisen|date=22 November 2017|access-date=10 June 2018|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141015/http://aarhus.lokalavisen.dk/nyheder/2017-11-22/-Jacob-Bundsgaard-forts%C3%A6tter-som-borgmester-i-Aarhus-Kommune-915580.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Municipal elections are held every fourth year on the third Tuesday of November with the next election in 2025. The city council consists of 31 members elected for four-year terms. When an election has determined the composition of the council, it elects a mayor, two deputy mayors and five [[alderman|aldermen]] from their ranks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aarhus.dk/da/politik/byraadet.aspx|title=Byråd|publisher=[[Aarhus Municipality]]|date=15 July 2003|access-date=10 July 2014|language=da|archive-date=1 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140801103827/http://www.aarhus.dk/da/politik/Byraadet.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> Anyone who is eligible to vote and who resides within the municipality can run for a seat on the city council provided they can secure endorsements and signatures from 50 inhabitants of the municipality.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aarhus.dk/politik/Valg/For-kandidater/Stillere.aspx|title=Stillere|publisher=[[Aarhus Municipality]]|date=6 August 2015|access-date=6 August 2015|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207161204/http://www.aarhus.dk/politik/Valg/For-kandidater/Stillere.aspx|archive-date=7 February 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The first publicly elected mayor of Aarhus was appointed in 1919. In the [[1970 Danish Municipal Reform]] the current Aarhus municipality was created by merging 20 municipalities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aarhuswiki.dk/wiki/Aarhus_Kommune|title=Aarhus Kommune|publisher=Aarhus Universitet|access-date=6 August 2014 |language=da}}</ref> Aarhus was the seat of [[Aarhus County]] until the 2007 Danish municipal reform, which substituted the Danish counties with five regions and replaced Aarhus County with [[Central Denmark Region]] (''Region Midtjylland''), seated in [[Viborg, Denmark|Viborg]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rm.dk/om-os/|title=Om os|publisher=Region Midtjylland|access-date=23 July 2014 |language=da}}</ref>

===Subdivisions===
Aarhus Municipality has 45 electoral wards and [[polling station]]s in four [[electoral district]]s for the [[Folketing]] (national Parliament).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aarhus.dk/da/politik/Valg/Find-dit-valgsted/Distrikter.aspx|title=Find dit valgsted|publisher=Aarhus Kommune|access-date=3 August 2015|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621041735/http://www.aarhus.dk/da/politik/Valg/Find-dit-valgsted/Distrikter.aspx|archive-date=21 June 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[diocese of Aarhus]] has four [[deaneries]] composed of 60 parishes within Aarhus municipality.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aarhusstift.dk/om/|title=Om Aarhus Stift|publisher=Aarhus Stift|access-date=3 August 2015|language=da|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022202943/http://aarhusstift.dk/om/|archive-date=22 October 2016}}</ref> Aarhus municipality contains 21 [[Postal code|postal districts]] and some parts of another 9.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.postdanmark.dk/da/Documents/Lister/regionsopdelt-postnummer-excel.xls|title=Regionsopdelt Postnummer|publisher=Postdanmark|access-date=3 August 2015|language=da}}</ref> The urban area of Aarhus and the immediate suburbs are divided into the districts [[Aarhus C]], [[Aarhus N]], [[Aarhus V]], [[Viby J]], [[Højbjerg]] and [[Brabrand]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://postal-codes.cybo.com/denmark/aarhus/|title=9 Postal Codes in Aarhus, Central Denmark Region|publisher=Cybo|access-date=25 January 2023}}</ref>

=== Environmental planning ===
{{main|Energy in Denmark}}
[[File:Rattling Reeds.jpg|thumb|[[Årslev Engsø]]. The lakes and wetlands of Årslev Engsø and [[Egå Engsø]] were re-established in the 2000s to help manage the water cycle.]]
<!--- Energy --->
Aarhus has increasingly been investing in [[environmental planning]] and, in accordance with national policy, aims to be {{CO2}}-neutral and independent of [[fossil fuel]]s for heating by 2030.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stateofgreen.com/en/profiles/city-of-aarhus/solutions/co2-neutrality-by-2030-an-aim-for-a-growing-aarhus|title=CO2-neutrality by 2030 – an aim for a growing Aarhus|publisher=State of Green|access-date=10 June 2018|archive-date=15 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515224956/http://stateofgreen.com/en/profiles/city-of-aarhus/solutions/co2-neutrality-by-2030-an-aim-for-a-growing-aarhus|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aarhus.dk/sitecore/content/Subsites/CityOfAarhus/Home/activityareas/Climate-and-the-environment.aspx?sc_lang=da|title=Climate and the Environment|publisher=[[Aarhus Municipality]]|date=20 March 2012|access-date=10 June 2018|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142752/http://www.aarhus.dk/sitecore/content/Subsites/CityOfAarhus/Home/activityareas/Climate-and-the-environment.aspx?sc_lang=da|url-status=dead}}</ref> The municipal power plants were adapted for this purpose in the 2010s. In 2015, the municipality took over three private [[straw]]-fired heating plants and the year after, a new 77 [[Megawatt|MW]] [[combined heat and power]] biomass plant at [[Lisbjerg Power Station]] was completed while [[Studstrup Power Station]] finished a refit to move from coal to wood chips.<ref name="Østjydsk Halm">{{cite web |url=https://www.aarhus.dk/~/media/eDoc/1/3/0/1304008-1763186-1-pdf.pdf |title=Overtagelse af Østjydsk Halmvarmes halmvarmeværker |publisher=[[Aarhus Municipality]] |language=da |access-date=22 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015095145/https://www.aarhus.dk/~/media/eDoc/1/3/0/1304008-1763186-1-pdf.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Grøn varme">{{cite web |url=https://www.aarhus.dk/sitecore/content/Subsites/affaldvarmeaarhus/Home/Om-AffaldVarme-Aarhus/NewsList/2016/3-kvartal/PM-Nu-er-varmen-groen.aspx?sc_lang=da |title=Nu er varmen grøn |publisher=[[Aarhus Municipality]] |language=da |access-date=22 January 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240528011909/https://www.webcitation.org/6nhdnvF1M?url=https://www.aarhus.dk/sitecore/content/Subsites/affaldvarmeaarhus/Home/Om-AffaldVarme-Aarhus/NewsList/2016/3-kvartal/PM-Nu-er-varmen-groen.aspx%3Fsc_lang=da |archive-date=28 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> In conjunction with the development of the [[Aarhus Docklands|Docklands district]] there are plans for a utility-scale seawater [[heat pump]] which will take advantage of fluctuating electricity prices to supply the [[district heating]] system.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aarhus.dk/sitecore/content/Subsites/affaldvarmeaarhus/Home/Varme/Varmeplan-Aarhus/Varmeproduktion/Energianlaeg-Aarhus-Oe.aspx?sc_lang=da|title=Energianlæg Aarhus Ø|trans-title=Energy plant Aarhus Ø|language=da|publisher=Aarhus Municipality|date=25 October 2016|access-date=10 June 2018|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142946/https://www.aarhus.dk/sitecore/content/Subsites/affaldvarmeaarhus/Home/Varme/Varmeplan-Aarhus/Varmeproduktion/Energianlaeg-Aarhus-Oe.aspx?sc_lang=da|url-status=dead}}</ref> Since 2015, the city has been implementing energy-saving [[LED]] technology in street lighting; by January 2019, about half of the municipal street lighting had been changed. Apart from reducing the city's {{CO2}} emissions, it saves 30% on the electricity bill, thereby making it a self-financed project over a 20-year period.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://aarhus.dk/nyt/teknik-og-miljoe/2019/januar-2019/aarhus-skriver-historie-med-nye-gadelamper/ |title=Aarhus skriver historie med nye gadelamper |language=da |publisher=Aarhus Municipality |trans-title=Aarhus writes history with new street lights |date=22 January 2019 |access-date=14 April 2019 |archive-date=14 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414150342/https://aarhus.dk/nyt/teknik-og-miljoe/2019/januar-2019/aarhus-skriver-historie-med-nye-gadelamper/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<!--- Water --->
The municipality aims for a coherent and holistic administration of the [[water cycle]] to protect against, and clean up previous, pollution as well as encourage [[green growth]] and self-sufficiency. The main issues are [[nutrient pollution|excessive nutrients]], adapting to increased (and increasing) levels of precipitation brought on by [[climate change]], and securing the water supply.<ref name="VandVision">{{cite web |url=https://aarhus.dk/demokrati/politikker-og-planer/natur-og-miljoe/vandvision2100/ |title=Vand Vision 2100 |publisher=[[Aarhus Municipality]] |language=da |access-date=14 April 2019}}</ref> These goals have manifested in a number of large water treatment projects often in collaboration with private partners. In the 2000s, underground rainwater basins were built across the city while the two lakes [[Brabrand Lake|Årslev Engsø]] and [[Egå Engsø]] were created in 2003 and 2006 respectively. The number of [[sewage treatment]] plants is planned to be reduced from 17 to 2 by 2025, as the treatment plants in Marselisborg and Egå are scheduled for expansion to take over all waste water treatment. They have already been refitted for [[biogas]] production to become net producers of electricity and heat.<ref name="Marspower">{{cite web|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2114761-worlds-first-city-to-power-its-water-needs-with-sewage-energy/|title=World's first city to power its water needs with sewage energy|work=[[New Scientist]]|language=da|first=Kata |last=Karáth |date=1 September 2016 |access-date=14 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="Egåpower">{{cite web |url=http://www.aarhusportalen.dk/nyheder-om-miljoe-og-energi.asp?AjrDcmntId=42435 |title=Epokegørende teknologi får strømmen til at flyde |publisher=[[Aarhus Municipality]] |language=da |access-date=22 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419090759/http://www.aarhusportalen.dk/nyheder-om-miljoe-og-energi.asp?AjrDcmntId=42435 |archive-date=19 April 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> To aid the new treatment plants, and avoid floodings, sewage and [[stormwater]] throughout the municipality is planned to be separated into two different drainage systems. Construction began in 2017 in several areas, but it is a long process that is scheduled to be finished by 2085.<ref name="SepKloak">{{cite web|url=https://aarhus.dk/borger/bolig-byggeri-og-miljoe/miljoe-og-kloak/vand-og-kloak/separatkloakering/|title=Separatkloakering|publisher=[[Aarhus Municipality]]|language=da|access-date=14 April 2019|archive-date=14 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414215822/https://aarhus.dk/borger/bolig-byggeri-og-miljoe/miljoe-og-kloak/vand-og-kloak/separatkloakering/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aarhus.dk/da/borger/bolig-og-byggeri/Kommuneplanlaegning/~/media/Dokumenter/Teknik-og-Miljoe/Planlaegning-og-Byggeri/Kommuneplan/Klimatilpasningsplan-2014-december.pdf|title=Klimatilpasningsplan 2014 - Tilpasning til mere vand|language=da|publisher=Aarhus Municipality|access-date=27 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027125758/http://www.aarhus.dk/da/borger/bolig-og-byggeri/Kommuneplanlaegning/~/media/Dokumenter/Teknik-og-Miljoe/Planlaegning-og-Byggeri/Kommuneplan/Klimatilpasningsplan-2014-december.pdf|archive-date=27 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
<!--- Afforestation and rewilding --->
[[Afforestation]] projects have been undertaken to prevent [[groundwater pollution]], secure drinking water, [[carbon sequestration|sequester {{CO2}}]], increase [[biodiversity]], create an attractive countryside, provide easy access to nature and offer outdoor activities to the public. In 2000, the first project, the [[New Forests of Aarhus]], was completed, which aimed to double the forest cover in the municipality and, in 2009, another phase was announced to double forest cover once more before the year 2030.<ref name="Skov2020">{{cite web |url=https://aarhus.dk/media/5158/skovudviklingsplan-2010-2020.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://aarhus.dk/media/5158/skovudviklingsplan-2010-2020.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live|title=Skovudviklingsplan 2010 -2020 |publisher=[[Aarhus Municipality]] |language=da |access-date=14 April 2019}}</ref> The afforestation plans were realised as a local project in collaboration with private landowners, under a larger national agenda.<ref name="NyeSkove">{{cite web |url=http://www.aarhus.dk/sitecore/content/Subsites/gogreenwithaarhus/Home/Maal/Attraktiv-by/Nye-skove-sikrer-drikkevand-natur-og-friluftsliv.aspx?sc_lang=da |title=Nye skove sikrer drikkevand, natur og friluftsliv |publisher=[[Aarhus Municipality]] |language=da |access-date=22 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207153418/http://www.aarhus.dk/sitecore/content/Subsites/gogreenwithaarhus/Home/Maal/Attraktiv-by/Nye-skove-sikrer-drikkevand-natur-og-friluftsliv.aspx?sc_lang=da |archive-date=7 February 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Other projects to expand natural habitats include a [[rewilding (conservation biology)|rewilding]] effort in [[Geding-Kasted Mose|Geding-Kasted Bog]] and continuous monitoring of [[List of protected areas of Aarhus Municipality|the four Natura 2000]] areas in the municipality.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aarhus.dk/~/media/Dokumenter/Teknik-og-Miljoe/Natur-og-Miljoe/Natur-og-landskab/Naturkvalitetsplan/Naturkvalitetsplan-2013-2030.pdf|title=Naturkvalitetsplan 2013 - 2030|publisher=Aarhus Kommune|access-date=25 January 2023|language=da|archive-date=16 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116174519/https://www.aarhus.dk/~/media/Dokumenter/Teknik-og-Miljoe/Natur-og-Miljoe/Natur-og-landskab/Naturkvalitetsplan/Naturkvalitetsplan-2013-2030.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{| class="wikitable floatright"
|+ Main immigrant groups<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statbank.dk/10024|title=FOLK1C: FOLKETAL DEN 1. I KVARTALET EFTER OMRÅDE, KØN, ALDER (5-ÅRS INTERVALLER), HERKOMST OG OPRINDELSESLAND|work=Statistics Denmark}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.statbank.dk/statbank5a/SelectOut/PxSort.asp?file=2023623184220423062037FOLK1C&PLanguage=1&MainTable=FOLK1C&MainTablePrestext=Population%20at%20the%20first%20day%20of%20the%20quarter&potsize=241 | title=Statistikbanken - data og tal }}</ref>
|-
! Nationality || Population in 2017 || Population in 2023
|-
|{{flag|Lebanon}} || 5,030 || 5,240
|-
|{{flag|Somalia}} || 4,554 || 4,905
|-
|{{flag|Turkey}} || 4,370 || 4,362
|-
|{{flag|Iraq}} || 3,688 || 3,916
|-
|{{flag|Iran}} || 2,577 || 3,043
|-
|{{flag|Vietnam}} || 2,551 || 2,578
|-
|{{flag|Germany}} || 2,261 || 2,551
|-
|{{flag|Poland}} || 2,235 || 2,672
|-
|{{flag|Afghanistan}} || 2,092 || 2,591
|-
|{{flag|Romania}} || 1,983 || 2,678
|}
{{See also|Religion in Denmark}}
Aarhus has a population of 261,570 on {{convert|91|km2|sqmi|sortable=on}} for a density of 2,874/km<sup>2</sup> (7,444/sq mi).<ref name="DSPopulation"/> Aarhus municipality has a population of 330,639 on 468&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> with a density of 706/km<sup>2</sup> (1,829/sq mi). Less than a fifth of the municipal population resides beyond city limits and almost all live in an urban area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.noegletal.dk/|title=Befolkningsandel i bymæssig bebyggelse|publisher=Økonomi og Indenrigsministeriet|access-date=8 December 2014|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208230627/http://www.noegletal.dk/|archive-date=8 February 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> The population of Aarhus is both younger and better-educated than the national average which can be attributed to the high concentration of educational institutions.<ref name="Ojylbu">{{cite web|url=http://vbn.aau.dk/en/publications/fremtidens-byudvikling-i-oestjylland%2874466d00-7cf0-11dc-97b9-000ea68e967b%29.html|format=PDF|title=Fremtidens Byudvikling i Østjylland|year=2007|author =((Peter Bro, PhD-studerende, MSc, Aalborg Universitet))|author2=((Henrik Harder, Lektor, PhD HD.O MAA, Aalborg Universitet))|language=da|access-date=10 July 2014}}</ref> More than 40% of the population have an academic degree while only some 14% have no secondary education or trade.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.noegletal.dk/|title=ØIMs Kommunale Nøgletal, Aarhus Kommune, Andel 25-64-årige med videregående uddannelse|publisher=Økonomi og Indenrigsministeriet|access-date=8 December 2014|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208230627/http://www.noegletal.dk/|archive-date=8 February 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> The largest age group is 20- to 29-year-olds and the average age is 37.5, making it the youngest city in the country and one of its youngest municipalities.<ref name="Danmarks Statistik: FOLK1">{{cite web|url=http://www.statistikbanken.dk/|title=FOLK1: Folketal den 1|publisher=Danmarks Statistik|access-date=8 December 2014|language=da}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistikbanken.dk/|title=GALDER: Gennemsnitsalder 1. januar efter kommune og køn|publisher=Danmarks Statistik|access-date=8 December 2014|language=da}}</ref> Women have slightly outnumbered men for many years.<ref name="Danmarks Statistik: FOLK1"/>

[[File:Aarhus population-1672-2014.svg|thumb|upright=1|Population 1672–2014<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dendigitalebyport.byhistorie.dk/koebstaeder/befolkning.aspx?koebstadID=74 |title=Danske Købsteder – Århus |publisher=Aarhus Universitet |access-date=9 December 2014 |language=da |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810205138/http://dendigitalebyport.byhistorie.dk/koebstaeder/befolkning.aspx?koebstadID=74 |archive-date=10 August 2014}}</ref>]]

The city is home to 75 different religious groups and denominations, most of which are Christian or Muslim with a smaller number of Buddhist, Hindu, and Jewish communities. Since the 1990s there has been a marked growth in diverse new spiritual groups although the total number of followers remains small.<ref name="Aarhus 2013 religion i forandring">{{cite web|url=http://www.religion.dk/religionsanalysen/aarhus-2013-religion-i-forandring|title=Aarhus 2013 religion i forandring|date=10 December 2013 |publisher=Religion|access-date=8 December 2014|language=da}}</ref> The majority of the population are members of the Protestant state church, [[Church of Denmark]], which is by far the largest religious institution both in the city and the country as a whole. Some 20% of the population are not officially affiliated with any religion, a percentage that has been slowly rising for many years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://samtidsreligion.au.dk/fileadmin/Samtidsreligion/Religion_i_Aarhus_2013/online_med_forside.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://samtidsreligion.au.dk/fileadmin/Samtidsreligion/Religion_i_Aarhus_2013/online_med_forside.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live|title=Religion_i_Aarhus_2013, s. 475|publisher=Centre for Samtidsreligion, Aarhus Universitet|access-date=8 December 2014|language=da}}</ref>

During the 1990s there was significant immigration from Turkey and in the 2000s, there was a fast growth in the overall immigrant community, from 27,783 people in 1999 to 40,431 in 2008.{{sfn|Eade|Mele|2011|p=67}} The majority of immigrants have roots outside Europe and the developed world, comprising some 25,000 people from 130 different nationalities, with the largest groups coming from the Middle East and North Africa. Some 15,000 have come from within Europe, with Poland, Germany, Romania and Norway being the largest contributors.<ref name="Danmarks Statistik: FOLK1"/>

Many immigrants have established themselves in the suburbs of [[Brabrand]], [[Hasle, Aarhus|Hasle]] and [[Viby J|Viby]], where the percentage of inhabitants with foreign origins has risen by 66% since 2000. This has resulted in a few so-called [[ghettos]], defined as residential areas with more than half of inhabitants from [[Western world|non-Western countries]] and with relatively high levels of poverty and/or crime. [[Gellerup]] is the most notable neighbourhood in that respect. The ghetto-labelling has been criticised as unnecessarily stigmatising and counterproductive for social and economical development of the related areas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.trm.dk/nyheder/2019/faerre-udsatte-boligomraader-og-ghettoomraader-paa-de-nye-lister/|title=Færre udsatte boligområder og ghettoområder på de nye lister |trans-title=Fewer vulnerable neighbourhoods and ghetto-areas on the new lists |publisher=Ministry of Transport and Housing|language=da|date=1 December 2019|access-date=28 January 2020}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fagbladetboligen.dk/artikler/2019/december/ghettolisten-skrumper-men-det-gaar-langsomt/|title="Ghettolisten" skrumper - men det går langsomt|trans-title=The "Ghetto List" is shrinking - but it goes slowly |publisher=BL (Danmarks Almene Boliger)|first=Regnar M.|last=Nielsen|language=da|date=1 December 2019|access-date=28 January 2020}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/indland/hvorfor-bruger-vi-egentlig-begrebet-ghetto-om-boligomraader-i-danmark|title=Hvorfor bruger vi egentlig begrebet 'ghetto' om boligområder i Danmark?|trans-title=Why exactly are we using the term 'ghetto' about neighbourhoods in Denmark? |publisher=[[Danmarks Radio|DR]] (Danish Broadcasting Corporation)|author=Theis Lange Olsen|language=da|date=1 December 2018|access-date=28 January 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |Population groups
! colspan="2" |Year
|-
! colspan="2" |2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistikbanken |url=https://www.statbank.dk/20024 |access-date=2023-07-02 |website=www.statbank.dk |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Population at the first day of the quarter by region, sex, age (5 years age groups), ancestry and country of origin - StatBank Denmark - data and statistics |url=https://www.statbank.dk/statbank5a/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?MainTable=FOLK1C&PLanguage=1&PXSId=0&wsid=cftree |access-date=2023-07-02 |website=www.statbank.dk}}</ref>
|-
!Number
!%
|-
!Danish descent
!295,687
!81.62%
|-
!Immigrants
!48,207
!13.31%
|-
|EU-27
|15,940
|4.4%
|-
|Europe outside EU-27
|11,386
|3.14%
|-
|Africa
|8,576
|2.37%
|-
|North America
|956
|0.26%
|-
|South and Central America
|1,866
|0.52%
|-
|Asia
|27,501
|7.59%
|-
|Oceania
|259
|–
|-
|Stateless
|
|–
|-
|Unknown
|
|–
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''362,266'''
|100%
|}

==Economy==
[[File:Bestseller cropped.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Headquarters of [[Bestseller (company)|Bestseller]]]]
The economy of Aarhus is predominantly knowledge- and service-based, strongly influenced by the [[University of Aarhus]] and the large healthcare industry. The service sector dominates the economy and is growing as the city transitions away from manufacturing. Trade and transportation remain important sectors, benefiting from the large port and central position on the rail network. Manufacturing has been in slow but steady decline since the 1960s while agriculture has long been a marginal sector within the municipality.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dendigitalebyport.byhistorie.dk/koebstaeder/erhverv.aspx?koebstadID=74|title=Danmarks Købsteder: Århus|publisher=Den digitale byport|access-date=8 December 2014|language=da}}</ref> The municipality is home to 175,000 jobs with some 100,000 in the private sector and the rest split between state, region and municipality.<ref name="Aarhus Kommune"/> The region is a major [[agriculture|agricultural producer]], with many large farms in the outlying districts.<ref name="Aarhus: Economy">{{cite web|url=http://bcg.thetimes.co.uk/Europe/Denmark/Aarhus#/Europe/Denmark/Aarhuseconomy|title=Aarhus: Economy|work=[[The Times]]|access-date=23 July 2014|archive-date=6 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006081325/http://bcg.thetimes.co.uk/Europe/Denmark/Aarhus#/Europe/Denmark/Aarhuseconomy|url-status=dead}}</ref> People commute to Aarhus from as far away as [[Randers]], [[Silkeborg]] and [[Skanderborg]] and almost a third of those employed within the Aarhus municipality commute from neighbouring communities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.noegletal.dk/|title=Andel indpendlere|publisher=Økonomi og Indenrigsministeriet|access-date=8 December 2014|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208230627/http://www.noegletal.dk/|archive-date=8 February 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.blst.dk/udgiv/Publikationer/2008/978-87-92256-60-7/html/kap01.htm#1.4|title=Interaktion og infrastruktur i Østjylland|publisher=Miljøministeriet|access-date=8 December 2014|language=da|archive-date=25 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725062711/http://www2.blst.dk/udgiv/Publikationer/2008/978-87-92256-60-7/html/kap01.htm#1.4|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://stiften.dk/aarhus/shoppere-stroemmer-til-byen-handle|title=Shoppere strømmer til byen|date=19 January 2011 |publisher=Aarhus Stiftidende|access-date=11 December 2014|language=da}}</ref> Aarhus is a centre for retail in the Nordic and Baltic countries, with expansive shopping centres, the busiest commercial street in the country and a dense urban core with many speciality shops.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://danmarkshistorien.dk/leksikon-og-kilder/vis/materiale/aarhus-1/?pdf=1&cHash=36b812a39ba044783ca6e0ba615a1d63|title=Danmarkshistorien.dk|publisher=[[Gyldendal]]|access-date=9 December 2014|archive-date=25 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725062920/http://danmarkshistorien.dk/leksikon-og-kilder/vis/materiale/aarhus-1/?pdf=1&cHash=36b812a39ba044783ca6e0ba615a1d63|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stroeget-aarhus.dk/index.php/stroget|title=Strøget|publisher=Strøgforeningen|access-date=23 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115190131/http://www.stroeget-aarhus.dk/index.php/stroget|archive-date=15 January 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The job market is knowledge- and service-based, and the largest employment sectors are healthcare and social services, trade, education, consulting, research, industry and telecommunications.<ref name="Aarhus Kommune">{{cite web|url=https://www.aarhus.dk/~/media/Dokumenter/Borgmesterens-Afdeling/Statistik-og-Ledelsesinformation/Arbejdsmarked-og-erhverv/Erhvervsstruktur/2006-2017/Erhvervsstrukturen-2012.pdf|title=Erhvervsstrukturen i Aarhus Kommune 2012|publisher=Aarhus Kommune|access-date=8 December 2014|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170402080934/https://www.aarhus.dk/~/media/Dokumenter/Borgmesterens-Afdeling/Statistik-og-Ledelsesinformation/Arbejdsmarked-og-erhverv/Erhvervsstruktur/2006-2017/Erhvervsstrukturen-2012.pdf|archive-date=2 April 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> The municipality has more high- and middle-income jobs, and fewer low-income jobs, than the national average.<ref name="Aarhus Kommune"/> Today, the majority of the largest companies in the municipality are in the sectors of trade, transport and media.<ref name="Otto2">{{cite web|url=http://jyllands-posten.dk/aarhus/ECE6531438/aarhus-10-stoerste-virksomheder/|title=De 10 største virksomheder i Aarhus|language=da|website=jyllandsposten.dk|date=4 March 2014 |publisher=Jyllandsposten|access-date=9 December 2014}}</ref> The wind power industry has strong roots in Aarhus and the larger region of [[Central Jutland]], and nationally, most of the revenue in the industry is generated by companies in the greater Aarhus area. The wind industry employs about a thousand people within the municipality, making it a central component in the local economy.<ref name="Otto3">{{cite web|url=http://www.aarhus.dk/~/media/subsites/aarhus-wind-energy/spotbokse/articles/tekst2|title=The tightest wind cluster in the world|language=da|publisher=Windpower.org|access-date=20 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509004606/http://www.aarhus.dk/~/media/subsites/aarhus-wind-energy/spotbokse/articles/tekst2|archive-date=9 May 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> The biotech industry is well-established in the city, with many small- and medium-sized companies mainly focused on research and development.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.danskbiotek.dk/sites/default/files/nyhedsbreve/Liste_over_biotekselskaber_i_Danmark_ultimo_20071.pdf|title=Biotekselskaber i Danmark ultimo 2007|publisher=Dansk biotek|access-date=9 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129055842/http://www.danskbiotek.dk/sites/default/files/nyhedsbreve/Liste_over_biotekselskaber_i_Danmark_ultimo_20071.pdf|archive-date=29 November 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> There are multiple [[Big Tech]] companies with offices in the city, including [[Uber]] and [[Google]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.uber.com/en-DK/blog/aarhus-engineering/ | title=Architects of Infrastructure: Meet Uber Aarhus Engineering | date=27 December 2017 }}</ref>

Several major companies are headquartered in Aarhus, including four of the ten largest in the country. These include [[Arla Foods]], one of the largest dairy groups in Europe, [[Salling Group]], Denmark's largest retailer, [[Jysk (store)|Jysk]], a worldwide retailer of household goods, [[Vestas]], a global wind turbine manufacturer,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.windpowerengineering.com/vestas-gains-impressive-lead-as-top-wind-turbine-manufacturer/|title=Vestas gains impressive lead as top wind-turbine manufacturer|website=Windpower Engineering & Development}}</ref> [[Terma A/S]], a major defence and aerospace manufacturer, [[Per Aarsleff]], a civil engineering company and several large retail companies.<ref name=dsd/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vestas.com|title=Find Vestas|publisher=Vestas Windsystems|access-date=9 December 2014}}</ref> Other large employers of note include Krifa, [[Systematic A/S]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stiften.dk/artikel/aarhus-firma-scorer-milliard-kontrakt-med-usas-forsvar|title=Aarhus-firma scorer milliard kontrakt med USAs forsvar|first=Morten|last=Ravn|date=7 February 2017|website=stiften.dk}}</ref>), and [[Bestseller A/S]]. Since the early 2000s, the city has experienced an influx of larger companies moving from other parts of the Jutland peninsula.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stiften.dk/nyheder/se-listen-de-stoerste-virksomheder-i-aarhus|title=Top Companies in Aarhus|date=8 October 2010 |publisher=Aarhus Stifstidende|access-date=9 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://jyllands-posten.dk/aarhus/erhverv/ECE6202290/aarhus-er-en-magnet-for-firmaer/|title=Aarhus er en magnet for firmaer|date=4 November 2013 |publisher=Jyllandsposten|access-date=9 December 2014}}</ref>

===Port of Aarhus===
{{Main|Port of Aarhus}}
[[File:Aarhus Container port.jpg|thumb|upright=1|right|Aarhus Container port]]

The Port of Aarhus is one of the largest industrial ports in northern Europe with the largest container terminal in Denmark, processing more than 50% of Denmark's container traffic and accommodating the largest container vessels in the world.<ref name=aarhushavn>{{cite web|url=http://www.aarhushavn.dk/en/about_port_of_aarhus/about_port_of_aarhus.htm|title=About Port of Aarhus|publisher=Aarhus Havn|access-date=16 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724233317/http://www.aarhushavn.dk/en/about_port_of_aarhus/about_port_of_aarhus.htm|archive-date=24 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Signe Ferslev Pedersen">{{cite web|url=http://www.business.dk/transport/maersk-arving-vil-kapre-mere-gods-til-aarhus|title=Mærsk-arving vil kapre mere gods til Aarhus|author=Signe Ferslev Pedersen|work=Berlingske Tidende|date=21 July 2014|access-date=23 July 2014|language=da|archive-date=24 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724143626/http://www.business.dk/transport/maersk-arving-vil-kapre-mere-gods-til-aarhus|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is a municipal self-governing port with independent finances. The facilities handle some 9.5&nbsp;million tonnes of cargo a year (2012). Grain is the principal export, while [[animal feed|feedstuff]]s, stone, cement and coal are among the chief imports.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aarhushavn.dk/en/about_port_of_aarhus/cargo_statistics/cargo_statistics.htm|title=Cargo statistics|publisher=Aarhus Havn|access-date=21 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623123858/http://www.aarhushavn.dk/en/about_port_of_aarhus/cargo_statistics/cargo_statistics.htm|archive-date=23 June 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Since 2012 the port has faced increasing competition from the [[Port of Hamburg]] and freight volumes have decreased somewhat from the peak in 2008.<ref name="Signe Ferslev Pedersen"/>

The ferry terminal presents the only alternative to the [[Great Belt Link]] for passenger transport between Jutland and [[Zealand]]. It has served different ferry companies since the first steamship route to Copenhagen opened in 1830. Currently, [[Mols-Linien]] operates the route and annually transports some two million passengers and a million vehicles. Additional [[roll-on/roll-off]] cargo ferries serve [[Finland]] and [[Kalundborg]] on a weekly basis and smaller outlying Danish ports at irregular intervals. Since the early 2000s the port has increasingly become a destination for cruise lines operating in the [[Baltic Sea]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aarhushavn.dk/download/formularer/aarsrapport2013.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.aarhushavn.dk/download/formularer/aarsrapport2013.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live|publisher=Aarhus Havn|title=Aarsrapport 2013|access-date=9 December 2014 |language=da}}</ref>

===Tourism===
[[File:Costa Pacifica in harbor (Aarhus, 2011).jpg|thumb|right|[[Costa Pacifica]] in the harbour]]
The [[ARoS Aarhus Kunstmuseum|ARoS Art Museum]], the [[The Old Town, Aarhus|Old Town Museum]] and [[Tivoli Friheden]] are among Denmark's [[List of tourist attractions in Denmark|top tourist attractions]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitdenmark.com/en-us/denmark/attractions/denmarks-top-attractions|title=Denmark's top attractions|publisher=Visit Denmark|access-date=29 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820060526/http://www.visitdenmark.com/en-us/denmark/attractions/denmarks-top-attractions|archive-date=20 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> With a combined total of almost 1.4&nbsp;million visitors they represent the driving force behind tourism but other venues such as [[Moesgård Museum]] and [[Kvindemuseet]] are also popular. The city's extensive shopping facilities are also said to be a major attraction for tourists, as are festivals, especially [[NorthSide Festival (Denmark)|NorthSide]] and [[Spot (music festival)|SPOT]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jutlandstation.dk/festivals-energize-aarhus-tourism-industry/|title=Festivals energize Aarhus' tourism industry|publisher=Jutlandstation.dk|date=13 June 2014|access-date=29 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729140651/http://www.jutlandstation.dk/festivals-energize-aarhus-tourism-industry/|archive-date=29 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessaarhus.dk/~/media/Subsites/Business-Aarhus/Publikationer/Engelsk/Aarhus-as-a-Shopping-City.pdf|title=Aarhus – a city of shopping|publisher=Business Aarhus|access-date=29 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720222915/http://www.businessaarhus.dk/~/media/Subsites/Business-Aarhus/Publikationer/Engelsk/Aarhus-as-a-Shopping-City.pdf|archive-date=20 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Many visitors arrive on cruise ships: in 2012, 18 vessels visited the port with over 38,000 passengers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aarhushavn.dk/en/terminals/cruise_ships_terminal/cruise_ships_terminal.htm|title=Cruise ships terminal|publisher=Aarhus Havn|access-date=29 July 2014|archive-date=6 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806203037/http://www.aarhushavn.dk/en/terminals/cruise_ships_terminal/cruise_ships_terminal.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In the 2010s, there was a significant expansion of tourist facilities, culminating in the opening of the 240-room Comwell Hotel in July 2014, which increased the number of hotel rooms in the city by 25%. Some estimates put the number of visitors spending at least one night as high as 750,000 a year, most of them Danes from other regions, with the remainder coming mainly from Norway, Sweden, northern Germany and the United Kingdom. Overall, they spend roughly DKK 3&nbsp;billion (€402&nbsp;million) in the city each year.<ref name="kulturturisme.dk">{{cite web|url=http://www.kulturturisme.dk/media/507561/Aarhus-som-kulturel-city-break-destination-final_med_logo.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.kulturturisme.dk/media/507561/Aarhus-som-kulturel-city-break-destination-final_med_logo.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live|title=Aarhus som kulturel city destination|publisher=kulturturisme.dk|access-date=23 November 2014}}</ref> The primary motivation for tourists choosing Aarhus as a destination is experiencing the city and culture, family and couples vacation or as a part of a round trip in Denmark. The average stay is little more than three days on average.<ref name="kulturturisme.dk"/>

There are more than 30 tourist information spots across the city. Some of them are staffed, while others are online, publicly accessible touchscreens. The official tourist information service in Aarhus is organised under VisitAarhus, a corporate foundation initiated in 1994 by Aarhus Municipality and local commercial interest organisations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitaarhus.com/ln-int/denmark/tourist-in-aarhus|title=Tourist Information|publisher=VisitAarhus|access-date=5 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818150433/http://www.visitaarhus.com/ln-int/denmark/tourist-in-aarhus|archive-date=18 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitaarhus.dk/aarhus/om-visitaarhus|title=Om VisitAarhus|publisher=VisitAarhus|language=da|access-date=5 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728204258/http://www.visitaarhus.dk/aarhus/om-visitaarhus|archive-date=28 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Research parks===
[[File:Navitas4.jpg|thumb|[[Navitas Park]], a department of INCUBA Science Park]]
The largest research park in Aarhus is [[INCUBA Science Park]], focused on [[IT]] and [[biomedical research]], It is based on Denmark's first research park, ''Forskerpark Aarhus'' (Research Park Aarhus), founded in 1986, which in 2007 merged with another research park to form INCUBA Science Park. The organisation is owned partly by [[Aarhus University]] and private investors and aims to foster close relationships between public institutions and startup companies.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://incuba.dk/om-incuba/historie/ |publisher=[[INCUBA Science Park]] |title=INCUBA Science Park – Historie |access-date=1 October 2016 |language=da |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815060808/http://incuba.dk/om-incuba/historie/ |archive-date=15 August 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> It is physically divided across 4 locations after a new department was inaugurated in [[Navitas Park]] in 2015, which it will share with the [[Aarhus School of Marine and Technical Engineering]] and [[AU Engineering]]. Another major centre for knowledge is [[Agro Food Park]] in [[Skejby]], established to facilitate co-operation between companies and public institutions working within food science and agriculture. In January 2017 [[Arla Foods]] will open the global innovation centre ''Arla Nativa'' in Agro Food Park and in 2018 Aarhus University is moving the ''Danish Centre for Food and Agriculture'' there as well.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dca.au.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/vis/artikel/foedevareforskningen-faar-kontor-i-agro-food-park/ |publisher=[[Aarhus University]] |title=Fødevareforskningen får kontor i Agro Food Park |date=4 July 2016 |access-date=1 October 2016 |language=da |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161103033748/http://dca.au.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/vis/artikel/foedevareforskningen-faar-kontor-i-agro-food-park/ |archive-date=3 November 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="AgroFact">{{cite web|url=http://www.agrofoodpark.dk/om-agro-food-park/fakta-om-agro-food-park|publisher=[[Agro Food Park]]|title=Fakta om Agro Food Park|language=da|access-date=20 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002050010/http://www.agrofoodpark.dk/om-agro-food-park/fakta-om-agro-food-park|archive-date=2 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2016, some 1000 people worked at Agro Food Park, spread across 50 companies and institutions and in August 2016 Agro Food Park management published plans to expand facilities from 92,000 m<sup>2</sup> to {{convert|325000|m2|sqft}}.<ref name="AgroFact"/>

In addition, Aarhus is home to the [[Aarhus School of Architecture]], one of two Danish [[Ministry of Science, Innovation and Higher Education (Denmark)|Ministry of Education]] institutions that provide degree programs in architecture, and some of the largest architecture firms in the [[Nordic countries]] such as [[Schmidt Hammer Lassen Architects]], [[Arkitema Architects]] and [[C. F. Møller Architects]].<ref name="toft">{{cite web |url=http://www.toft-arkitektur.dk/pdf/Arkitekturklyngen_01.03.2009.pdf |publisher=Center for Strategisk Byforskning |title=Arkitekturklyngen i Århus |access-date=1 October 2016 |language=da |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220180753/http://www.toft-arkitektur.dk/pdf/Arkitekturklyngen_01.03.2009.pdf |archive-date=20 December 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Taken together these organisations form a unique concentration of expertise and knowledge in architecture outside Copenhagen, which the Danish Ministry of Business and Growth refers to as {{lang|da|arkitekturklyngen}} (the architecture cluster). To promote the "cluster", the School of Architecture will be given new school buildings centrally in the new [[Aarhus Godsbanegård|Freight Station Neighbourhood]], planned for development in the 2020s. In the interim, the city council supports a culture, business and education centre in the area, which may continue in the future neighbourhood in some form. The future occupants of the neighbourhood will be businesses and organisations selected for their ability to be involved in the local community, and it is hoped that the area will evolve into a hotspot for creativity and design.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://arkitektforeningen.dk/node/21310 |publisher=[[Danish Association of Architects]] |title=AAØ Anbefaler Arkitektklyngen i Aarhus |access-date=1 October 2016 |language=da |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017044233/https://arkitektforeningen.dk/node/21310 |archive-date=17 October 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://arkitektforeningen.dk/node/25524 |publisher=[[Danish Association of Architects]] |title=Arkitekterhvervets visioner for en ny arkitektskole i Aarhus |access-date=1 October 2016 |language=da |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017044427/https://arkitektforeningen.dk/node/25524 |archive-date=17 October 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://stiften.dk/aarhus/gode-muligheder-for-at-bevare-jyllands-svar-paa-christiania|newspaper=[[Århus Stiftstidende]]|title=Gode muligheder for at bevare Jyllands svar på Christiania|access-date=1 October 2016|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009225448/http://stiften.dk/aarhus/gode-muligheder-for-at-bevare-jyllands-svar-paa-christiania|archive-date=9 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Cityscape==
{{see also|Architecture of Aarhus}}
{{wide image|Panorama of Aarhus.jpg|1200px|Panoramic view of the Aarhus skyline, seen from the top of [[ARoS Aarhus Kunstmuseum|ARoS]] (2012)}}
Aarhus has developed in stages, from the Viking Age to modern times, all visible in the city today. Many architectural styles are represented in different parts of the city such as [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]], [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]], [[Renaissance]], [[Baroque]], [[Rococo]], [[National Romantic Style|National Romantic]], [[Nordic Classicism]], [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]], [[Empire style|Empire]] and [[Functionalism (architecture)|Functionalism]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gis.aarhus.dk/kommuneatlas/|title=Arkitektur og byggeskik i byen|publisher=Aarhus Kommune|access-date=14 December 2014|language=da|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130914192312/http://gis.aarhus.dk/kommuneatlas/|archive-date=14 September 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> The city has developed around the main transport hubs – the river, the harbour, and later the railway station – and as a result, the oldest parts are also the most central and busiest today.<ref name=dhdk>{{cite web |title=Aarhus |url=https://danmarkshistorien.dk/vis/materiale/aarhus |publisher=DanmarksHistoriendk |access-date=25 January 2023 |language=da}}</ref>

The streets of [[Volden, Aarhus|Volden]] (The Rampart) and [[Graven, Aarhus|Graven]] (The Moat) testify to the defences of the initial Viking town, and ''Allégaderingen'' in [[Midtbyen, Aarhus|Midtbyen]] roughly follows the boundaries of that settlement. The street network in the [[Midtbyen (Aarhus)|inner city]] formed during the Middle Ages with narrow, curved streets and low, dense housing by the river and the coast. ''Vesterport'' (Westward Gate) still bears the name of the medieval city gate and the narrow alleyways ''Posthussmøgen'' and ''Telefonsmøgen'' are remnants of toll stations from that time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://reader.livedition.dk/aarhuskommune/188/|title=Kulturhistorisk redegørelse 2013|publisher=Aarhus Kommune|access-date=14 December 2014|language=da}}</ref> The inner city has the oldest preserved buildings, especially the [[Latinerkvarteret, Aarhus|Latin Quarter]], with houses dating back to the early 17th&nbsp;century in [[Mejlgade]] and [[Skolegade]].{{sfn|Olsen|2000|p=124}} Medieval merchants' mansions with courtyards can be seen in [[Klostergade]], [[Studsgade]] and Skolegade. By far, the largest part of the present-day city was built during and after the industrialisation of the late 1800s, and the most represented architectural styles today are [[historicism (art)|historicism]] and [[modernist architecture|modernism]], especially the subgenre of [[Functionalism (architecture)#Nordic "funkis"|Danish functionalism]] of which there are many fine examples.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kulturhusaarhus.dk/arkitektur-i-aarhus-moderne-og-modernistisk/|title=Arkitektur i Århus – moderne og modernistisk|publisher=Kulturhuset|author=Mikkelhede|date=8 October 2020|access-date=25 January 2023 |language=da}}</ref> The building boom of the 2000s has imprinted itself on Aarhus with a redeveloped harbourfront, many new neighbourhoods (also in the inner city), and a revitalised public space. It is also beginning to change the skyline with several dominating high-rises.<ref name=dhdk/>

===Developments===
In recent years, Aarhus has experienced a large demand in housing and offices, spurring a construction boom in some parts of the city. The newly built city district of Aarhus Ø, formerly docklands, includes major housing developments, mostly consisting of privately owned apartments, designed by architects such as [[CEBRA]], and [[JDS Architects]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.troldtekt.com/inspiration/architecture-in-the-big-cities/the-seagulls-have-taken-off-and-the-architecture-is-coming-into-its-own/|title=The seagulls have taken off, and the architecture is coming into its own|publisher=Troldtekt|access-date=25 January 2023|archive-date=25 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125125213/https://www.troldtekt.com/inspiration/architecture-in-the-big-cities/the-seagulls-have-taken-off-and-the-architecture-is-coming-into-its-own/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://archello.com/project/the-iceberg|title=The Iceberg|publisher=archello|access-date=25 January 2023}}</ref>
[[File:20170710 Aarhus O med Isbjerget 09 (35432372583).jpg|thumb|Newly finished apartments in Aarhus Ø]]
In the second quarter of 2012, the population of the area stood at only 5; however, that number had risen to 3,940 by October 2019.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fejl|url=https://ledelsesinformation.aarhuskommune.dk/aarhus-i-tal/default.aspx?doc=vfs://Global/Befolkning-antal.xview|url-status=dead|access-date=24 May 2021|website=ledelsesinformation.aarhuskommune.dk|archive-date=9 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109013206/https://ledelsesinformation.aarhuskommune.dk/aarhus-i-tal/default.aspx?doc=vfs%3A%2F%2FGlobal%2FBefolkning-antal.xview}}</ref>

The main public transportation service is bus line 23, as well as [[Østbanetorvet station|Østbanetorvet]] train station.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rejseplanen.dk/bin/stboard.exe/mn?ld=hicp2a&L=vs_rp4&ml=m&input=860014802&boardType=dep&time=now&selectDate=today&maxJourneys=&productsFilter=1111111111111111&start=yes|title=Afgange fra Østbanetorvet (Letbane) |publisher=Reiseplanen|access-date=25 January 2023 |language=da}}</ref> Plans to service the area by the light rail line [[Aarhus Letbane]] have now been shelved.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bt.dk/trafik/ingen-alternativer-til-letbanen-pa-aarhus-o-det-er-virkelig-skuffende|title= Ingen alternativer til letbanen på Aarhus Ø: 'Det er virkelig skuffende' |publisher=B.T.|author=Kristensen, Kathrine Emilie|date=6 September 2021|access-date=25 January 2021 |language=da}}</ref>

===Landmarks===
[[File:Composite, Aarhus 1945 and 2016.jpg|thumb|[[Åboulevarden]], 2016 and 1945, opening of the river]]
[[File:Bispetorv (Aarhus) 01.jpg|thumb|Bispetorv in the historic centre]]
[[Aarhus Cathedral]] (''Århus Domkirke'') in the centre of Aarhus, is the longest and tallest church in Denmark at {{convert|93|m|abbr=on}} and {{convert|96|m|abbr=on}} in length and height respectively. Originally built as a [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] basilica in the 13th&nbsp;century, it was rebuilt and enlarged as a [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] cathedral in the late 15th and early 16th centuries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aarhusdomkirke.dk/kirkebygningen/|title=Kirkebygningen|publisher=Aarhus Domkirke|access-date=17 July 2014 |language=da}}</ref> Even though the cathedral stood finished around 1300, it took more than a century to build; the associated cathedral school of ''[[Aarhus Katedralskole]]'' was already founded in 1195 and ranks as the [[List of the oldest schools in the world#|44th oldest school in the world]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.akat.dk/historien/|title=Historien|publisher=Aarhus Katedralskole|access-date=22 July 2014|language=da|archive-date=11 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011053944/https://www.akat.dk/historien/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Another important and historic landmark in the inner city, is the [[Church of Our Lady (Aarhus)|Church of Our Lady]] (''Vor Frue Kirke'') also from the 13th&nbsp;century in Romanesque and Gothic style. It is smaller and less impressive, but it was the first cathedral of Aarhus and founded on an even older church constructed in 1060; the oldest stone church in Scandinavia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aarhusvorfrue.dk/page/3416/kryptkirken|title=Kryptkirken|publisher=Vor Frue Krirke i Aarhus|access-date=17 July 2014 |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://gis.aarhus.dk/kommuneatlas/arkitektur_byggeskik_byen/Arkitektur_byggeskik_byen_4.htm|title=Romansk 1050–1250|publisher=Aarhus Kommune|access-date=28 July 2014|language=da|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073319/http://gis.aarhus.dk/kommuneatlas/arkitektur_byggeskik_byen/Arkitektur_byggeskik_byen_4.htm|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://danmarkshistorien.dk/leksikon-og-kilder/vis/materiale/vor-frue-kirke-og-kloster/|title=Vor Frue Kirke og Kloster|publisher=Aarhus Universitet|access-date=17 July 2014 |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://aarhuswiki.dk/wiki/Vor_Frue_Kirke|title=Vor Frue Kirke|publisher=AarhusWiki|access-date=17 July 2014 |language=da}}</ref> [[Langelandsgade Kaserne]] in [[National Romantic Style]] from 1889 is the oldest former military barracks left in the country; home to the university Department of Aesthetics and Communication since 1989.
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arkark.dk/building.aspx?buildingid=3009|title=Langelandsgades Kaserne (Artillerikasernen), Århus|publisher=ArkArk|access-date=20 December 2014|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220172037/http://www.arkark.dk/building.aspx?buildingid=3009|archive-date=20 December 2014|url-status=dead}}. Architectural and historical information with images.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://studerende.au.dk/en/studies/subject-portals/arts/campus/kasernen/|title=Kasernen|publisher=Department of Arts, Aarhus University|date=18 December 2014|access-date=20 December 2014|language=da}}</ref><ref>P. E. Niemann (1981): ''Feltartilleriet i Aarhus 1881–1969'' Zac, {{ISBN|87-7348-047-9}} {{in lang|da}}</ref>
[[Marselisborg Palace]] (''Marselisborg Slot''), designed by [[Hack Kampmann]] in [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] and [[Art Nouveau]] styles, was donated by the city to [[Christian X|Prince Christian]] and [[Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin|Princess Alexandrine]] as a wedding present in 1898.<ref name=kongehuset>{{cite web|url=http://kongehuset.dk/english/palaces/marselisborg-palace/marselisborg-palace|title=Marselisborg Palace|publisher=Kongehuset.dk|access-date=18 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707011903/http://kongehuset.dk/english/palaces/marselisborg-palace/marselisborg-palace|archive-date=7 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Tarbensen|first=Kenn|url=http://www.historie-online.dk/nyt/bogfeature/b241203.htm|title=Marselisborg Slot|publisher=historie-online.dk|access-date=18 July 2014|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924030422/http://www.historie-online.dk/nyt/bogfeature/b241203.htm|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Aarhus Custom House]] (''Toldkammeret'') from 1898, is said to be Hack Kampmann's finest work.<ref name=dac>{{cite web |last=Egeberg |first=Kasper |url=http://www.dac.dk/en/dac-life/danish-architecture-guide/aarhus/toldkammeret-the-custom-house/ |title=Toldkammeret (the Custom House) |publisher=DAC |access-date=18 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725061926/http://www.dac.dk/en/dac-life/danish-architecture-guide/aarhus/toldkammeret-the-custom-house/ |archive-date=25 July 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[Tivoli Friheden]] (Tivoli Freedom) opened in 1903 and has since been the largest amusement park in the city and a tourist attraction. [[Aarhus Theatre]] from 1916 in the Art Nouveau style is the largest provincial theatre in Denmark.<ref name="Aarhus Teater">{{cite web|url=http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Kunst_og_kultur/Teater/Danske_teatre/Aarhus_Teater|title=Aarhus Teater|date=22 November 2012 |publisher=[[Gyldendal]]|access-date=18 July 2014 |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.b.dk/kultur/aarhus-teater-faar-millionstoette|title=Aarhus Teater får millionstøtte|work=Berlingske Tidende|date=12 April 2011|access-date=18 July 2014 |language=da}}</ref> The early buildings of [[Aarhus University]], especially the main building completed in 1932, designed by [[Kay Fisker]], [[Povl Stegmann]] and by [[C.F. Møller]] have gained an international reputation for their contribution to [[functionalism (architecture)|functionalist architecture]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Erhverv,_karriere_og_ledelse/P%C3%A6dagogik_og_uddannelse/Danske_universiteter/Aarhus_Universitet|title=Aarhus Universitet|publisher=[[Gyldendal]]|access-date=18 July 2014 |language=da}}</ref> The [[Aarhus City Hall|City Hall]] (''Aarhus Rådhus'') from 1941 with an iconic {{convert|60|m|abbr=on}} tower clad in marble, was designed by [[Arne Jacobsen]] and [[Erik Møller]] in a modern Functionalist style.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.archdaily.com/540719/ad-classics-aarhus-city-hall-arne-jacobsen-and-erik-moller|title=AD Classics: Aarhus City Hall / Arne Jacobsen and Erik Møller|publisher=ArchDaily|author=Langdon, David|date=16 January 2019|access-date=25 January 2023}}</ref>
{{clear right}}

==Culture==
Aarhus is home to many annual cultural events and festivals, museums, theatres, and sports events of both national and international importance, and presents some of the largest cultural attractions in Denmark. There is a long tradition of music from all genres, and many Danish bands have emerged from Aarhus. Libraries, cultural centres and educational institutions present free or easy opportunities for the citizens to participate in, engage in, or be creative with cultural events and productions of all kinds.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ballard |first=Barclay |title=Aarhus finds success as European Capital of Culture |url=https://www.businessdestinations.com/featured/aarhus-finds-success-as-european-capital-of-culture/ |publisher=Business Destination |date=28 August 2018 |access-date=25 January 2023}}</ref>

Since 1938, Aarhus has marketed itself as ''Smilets by'' (City of smiles) which has become both an informal moniker and official slogan. In 2011, the city council opted to change the slogan to "Aarhus. Danish for Progress" but it was unpopular and abandoned after just a few years.<ref name="Stads_Smil">{{cite web|url=http://aarhuswiki.dk/wiki/Smilets_by|title=Smilets by|publisher=Aarhus City Archives|language=da|access-date=29 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231170714/http://aarhuswiki.dk/wiki/Smilets_by|archive-date=31 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Other slogans that have occasionally been used are ''Byen ved havet'' (City by the sea), ''Mellem bugt og bøgeskov'' (Between bay and beechwood) and ''Verdens mindste storby'' (World's smallest big city).<ref name="Stift_Plakat">{{cite news|url=http://stiften.dk/kultur/Gammel-plakat-er-en-bestseller/artikel/348018|title=Gammel plakat er en bestseller|newspaper=[[Århus Stiftstidende]]|language=da|access-date=29 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231170509/http://stiften.dk/kultur/Gammel-plakat-er-en-bestseller/artikel/348018|archive-date=31 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="eb">{{cite web|url=http://ekstrabladet.dk/ferie/ferie-i-danmark/verdens-mindste-storby-hjem-til-aarhus/6449526|title=Verdens mindste storby: Hjem til Aarhus|work=[[Ekstra Bladet]]|date=17 December 2016 |language=da|access-date=12 January 2017}}</ref> Aarhus is featured in popular songs such as ''Hjem til Aarhus'' by [[På Slaget 12]], ''Lav sol over Aarhus'' by [[Gnags]], ''8000 Aarhus C'' by [[Flemming Jørgensen]], ''Pigen ud af Aarhus'' by [[Tina Dickow]] and ''Slingrer ned ad Vestergade'' by [[Gnags]]. In 1919, the number ''Sangen til Aarhus'' (Song to Aarhus) had become a popular hit for a time, but the oldest and perhaps best known "national anthem" for the city is the classical ''Aarhus Tappenstreg'' from 1872 by [[Carl Christian Møller]] which is occasionally played at official events or at performances by local marching bands and orchestras.<ref name="DansMus-Rødder">{{cite web|url=http://ringstedfolkedansere.dk/DMR%20og%20DMH/DMR-14%20Aarhus%20Tappenstreg%20(HjLiv%201997-03).pdf|title=Arhus Tappenstreg|publisher=Dansens og musikkens rødder|language=da|access-date=29 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101000945/http://ringstedfolkedansere.dk/DMR%20og%20DMH/DMR-14%20Aarhus%20Tappenstreg%20(HjLiv%201997-03).pdf|archive-date=1 January 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Rosa">{{cite web|url=https://www.rosa.org/vennelystviser-sunget-af-dorthe-kollo/|title=Vennelystviser sunget af Dorthe Kollo|publisher=ROSA|language=da|access-date=29 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101001114/https://www.rosa.org/vennelystviser-sunget-af-dorthe-kollo/|archive-date=1 January 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Museums===
[[File:Aros rainbow panorama (11834896846).jpg|thumb|[[ARoS Aarhus Kunstmuseum]]]]
Aarhus has a range of museums, including [[List of tourist attractions in Denmark|two of the largest]] in the country, measured by the number of paying guests, ''[[Den Gamle By]]'' and ''[[ARoS Aarhus Kunstmuseum]]''. ''Den Gamle By'' (The Old Town), officially ''Danmarks Købstadmuseum'' (Denmark's Market Town Museum), presents Danish townscapes from the 16th&nbsp;century to the 1970s with individual areas focused on different time periods. 75 historic buildings collected from different parts of the country have been brought here to create a small town in its own right.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Kunst_og_kultur/Museumsv%C3%A6sen/Historiske_museer_og_samlinger/Den_Gamle_By|title=Den Gamle By|publisher=[[Gyldendal]]|access-date=19 July 2014 |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dengamleby.dk/udforsk-den-gamle-by/nye-tider-1927/|title=Nye tider 1927|publisher=Den Gamle By|access-date=19 July 2014|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811014003/http://www.dengamleby.dk/udforsk-den-gamle-by/nye-tider-1927/|archive-date=11 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Aarhus Den Gamle By 16.JPG|thumb|[[Den Gamle By|The Old Town Museum]]]]
ARoS Aarhus Kunstmuseum, the city's main art museum, is one of the largest art museums in Scandinavia with a collection covering Danish art from the 18th&nbsp;century to the present day as well as paintings, installations and sculptures representing international [[art movement]]s and artists from all over the world. The iconic glass structure on the roof, ''Your Rainbow Panorama'', was designed by [[Olafur Eliasson]] and features a promenade offering a colourful panorama of the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Kunst_og_kultur/Museumsv%C3%A6sen/Kunstmuseer/Museer,_Danmark/ARoS_Aarhus_Kunstmuseum|title=ARoS Aarhus Kunstmuseum|publisher=[[Gyldendal]]|access-date=20 July 2014 |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.aros.dk/about-aros/|title=About ARoS|publisher=ARoS|access-date=20 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622090247/http://en.aros.dk/about-aros/|archive-date=22 June 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[Moesgård Museum]] specialises in [[archaeology]] and [[ethnography]] in collaboration with Aarhus University with exhibits on Denmark's [[prehistory]], including weapon sacrifices from [[Illerup Ådal]] and the [[Grauballe Man]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Kunst_og_kultur/Museumsv%C3%A6sen/Historiske_museer_og_samlinger/Moesg%C3%A5rd_Museum|title=Moesgård Museum|publisher=[[Gyldendal]]|access-date=20 July 2014 |language=da}}</ref> [[Kvindemuseet]], the Women's Museum, from 1984 contains collections of the lives and works of women in Danish cultural history.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kvindemuseet.dk/uk/the-museum/about-the-women%E2%80%99s-museum/|title=Facts about the Women's Museum|publisher=Kvindemuseet|access-date=20 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728020334/http://kvindemuseet.dk/uk/the-museum/about-the-women%E2%80%99s-museum/|archive-date=28 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Occupation Museum, Aarhus|Occupation Museum]] (''Besættelsesmuseum'') presents exhibits illustrating the [[German occupation of Denmark|German occupation]] of the city during the [[Second World War]];<ref>{{cite web |title=The Occupation Museum Aarhus 1940–45 |url=http://www.visitaarhus.com/ln-int/danmark/the-occupation-museum-aarhus-1940-45-gdk603884 |publisher=Visit Aarhus |access-date=20 July 2014}}</ref> the University Park on the campus of [[Aarhus University]] includes the [[Natural History Museum, Aarhus|Natural History Museum]] with 5,000 species of animals, many in their natural surroundings;<ref>{{cite web |title=National History Museum |url=http://www.visitaarhus.com/ln-int/danmark/natural-history-museum-gdk603718 |publisher=Visit Aarhus |access-date=20 July 2014 |language=da}}</ref> and the [[Steno Museum]] is a museum of the [[history of science]] and [[history of medicine|medicine]] with a [[planetarium]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Steno Museum |url=http://www.visitaarhus.com/ln-int/danmark/the-steno-museum-gdk604059 |publisher=Visit Aarhus |access-date=20 July 2014}}</ref> [[Kunsthal Aarhus]] (Aarhus Art Hall) hosts exhibitions of contemporary art including painting, sculpture, photography, performance art, film and video. Strictly speaking it is not a museum but an [[arts centre]], one of the oldest in Europe, built and founded in 1917.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kunsthal Aarhus: Om |url=https://kunsthalaarhus.dk/en/Kunsthal/Om |publisher=Kunsthal Aarhus |access-date=25 January 2023}}</ref>

===Libraries and community centres===
[[File:Dokk1 version 3.jpg|thumb|[[Dokk1]] at the harbour front]]
[[public library|Public libraries]] in Denmark are also cultural and community centres. They play an active role in cultural life and host many events, exhibitions, discussion groups, workshops, educational courses and facilitate everyday cultural activities for and by the citizens. In June 2015, the large central library and cultural centre of [[Dokk1]] opened at the harbour front. Dokk1 also includes civil administrations and services, commercial office rentals and a large underground robotic car park and aims to be a landmark for the city and a public meeting place. The building of Dokk1 and the associated squares and streetscape is also collectively known as Urban Mediaspace Aarhus and it is the largest construction project Aarhus municipality has yet undertaken.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.urbanmediaspace.dk/en/dokk1.html|title=Dokk1|publisher=Urban Mediaspace Aarhus|access-date=15 October 2015}}</ref> Apart from this large main library, some neighbourhoods in Aarhus have a local library engaged in similar cultural and educational activities, but on a more local scale.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aakb.dk/biblioteker|title=Biblioteker|language=da|publisher=Aarhus Kommunes Biblioteker|access-date=15 October 2015}}</ref>

The [[State and University Library, Denmark|State Library]] (''Statsbiblioteket'') at the university campus has status of a [[national library]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.statsbiblioteket.dk/about-the-library/mission-vision-and-strategy/mission-vision-and-strategy|title=Mission, vision and strategy|publisher=Statsbiblioteket|access-date=29 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729211306/http://en.statsbiblioteket.dk/about-the-library/mission-vision-and-strategy/mission-vision-and-strategy|archive-date=29 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> The city is a member of the ICORN organisation ([[International Cities of Refuge Network]]) in an effort to provide a safe haven to authors and writers persecuted in their countries of origin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://icorn.org/city/arhus|title=Cities|publisher=ICORN|access-date=16 December 2014|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006061020/http://icorn.org/city/arhus|archive-date=6 October 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

There are several cultural and community centres throughout the city. This includes Folkestedet in the central [[Åparken]], facilitating events for and by non-commercial associations, organisations and clubs, and activities for the elderly, the nearby [[Godsbanen]] at the railway yard, with workshops, events and exhibitions, and Globus1 in [[Brabrand]] facilitating sports and various cultural activities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globus1.dk/|title=Globus1|language=da|publisher=Aarhus Kommune|access-date=15 October 2015}}</ref>

===Performing arts===
[[File:Aarhus Teater (front).jpg|thumb|[[Aarhus Theatre]]]]
The city enjoys strong musical traditions, both classical and alternative, underground and popular, with educational and performance institutions such as the concert halls of [[Musikhuset Aarhus|Musikhuset]], the opera of [[Den Jyske Opera]], [[Aarhus Symfoniorkester]] (Aarhus Symphony Orchestra) and [[Det Jyske Musikkonservatorium]] (Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus/Aalborg). Musikhuset is the largest concert hall in Scandinavia, with seating for more than 3,600 people. Other major music venues include VoxHall, rebuilt in 1999, and the associated venue of Atlas, Train nightclub at the harbourfront, and [[Godsbanen (Aarhus)|Godsbanen]], a former rail freight station.<ref name=godsbanen>{{cite web|url=http://godsbanen.dk/english/|title=About Godsbanens|publisher=Godsbanen|access-date=30 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://fondenvoxhall.dk/fonden/historie/|title=Fonden VoxHall|publisher=Fonden VoxHall|access-date=26 July 2014|language=da|archive-date=28 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728203230/http://fondenvoxhall.dk/fonden/historie/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://train.dk/|title=TRAIN|website=train.dk|access-date=12 October 2015}}</ref>

The acting scene in Aarhus is diverse, with many groups and venues engaged in a broad span of genres, from [[puppetry|animation theatre]] and [[children's theatre]] to [[acting|classical theatre]] and [[improvisational theatre]]. Aarhus Teater is the oldest and largest venue with mostly professional classical acting performances. Svalegangen, the second largest theatre, is more experimental with its performances and other notable groups and venues includes EntréScenen, Katapult, Gruppe 38, Helsingør Teater, Det Andet Teater and Teater Refleksion as well as [[dancing|dance]] venues like Bora Bora.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.svalegangen.dk/|title=Smukt, grimt og brølende relevant|website=www.svalegangen.dk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.detandetteater.dk/om-teatret/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727215326/http://www.detandetteater.dk/om-teatret/|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 July 2014|title=Om teatret|publisher=Det Andet Teater|access-date=26 July 2014|language=da}}</ref><ref>[http://www.visitaarhus.dk/danmark/teater/teatre-i-aarhus Theatres in Aarhus] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725222114/http://www.visitaarhus.dk/danmark/teater/teatre-i-aarhus |date=25 July 2014}} VisitAarhus {{in lang|da}}</ref> The cultural center of [[Godsbanen (Aarhus)|Godsbanen]] includes several scenes and stages<ref name=godsbanen/> and the Concert Halls of ''Musikhuset'' also stage theatrical plays regularly and is home to the children's theatre Filuren and a comedy club.<ref>Musikhuset Aarhus: [https://musikhusetaarhus.dk/kampagner/teater/ Teater] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111165552/https://musikhusetaarhus.dk/kampagner/teater/ |date=11 January 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://filuren.dk/|title=Ungdoms- og børneteater i Aarhus Centrum - Teaterhuset Filuren|website=filuren.dk}}</ref><ref>Musikhuset Aarhus: [https://musikhusetaarhus.dk/kampagner/comedy-zoo/ Comedy Zoo] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111170107/https://musikhusetaarhus.dk/kampagner/comedy-zoo/ |date=11 January 2018}}</ref> The city hosts a biannual international theatre festival, International Living Theatre (ILT), with the next event being scheduled for 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iltfestival.dk/en/|title=ILT Festival|publisher=ILT - International Living Theatre|access-date=10 January 2018}}</ref>

Since 2010 the music production centre of PROMUS (''Produktionscentret for Rytmisk Musik'') has supported the rock scene in the city along with the publicly funded ROSA (''Dansk Rock Samråd''), which promotes Danish rock music in general.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aarhus2017.dk/projektet/aarhus-styrkepositioner/kulturinstitutioner-og-den-skabende-kunst|title=Kulturinstitutioner og den skabende kunst|publisher=Aarhus 2017|access-date=26 July 2014|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808140459/http://www.aarhus2017.dk/projektet/aarhus-styrkepositioner/kulturinstitutioner-og-den-skabende-kunst|archive-date=8 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Aarhus is known for its musical history. Fuelled by a relatively young population [[jazz]] clubs sprang up in the 1950s which became a tour stop for many iconic American Jazz musicians. By the 1960s, the music scene diversified into rock and other genres and in the 1970s and 1980s, Aarhus became a centre for rock music, fostering iconic bands such as [[Kliché]], [[TV-2 (band)|TV-2]] and [[Gnags]] and artists such as [[Thomas Helmig]] and [[Anne Linnet]]. Acclaimed bands since the 1970s include [[Under Byen]], [[Michael Learns to Rock]], [[Nephew (band)|Nephew]], [[Carpark North]], [[Spleen United]], [[Veto (band)|VETO]], [[Hatesphere]] and [[Illdisposed]] in addition to individual performers such as [[Medina (singer)|Medina]] and [[Tina Dico]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Kullberg |first=Erling |title=1966-76: When Aarhus became the new music metropolis of Denmark |url=https://seismograf.org/en/node/8592 |publisher=Seismograf |date=October 2016 |access-date=25 January 2023}}</ref>

===Events and festivals===
[[File:Aarhus Streetart Festival.jpg|thumb|Aarhus Festuge]]
Aarhus hosts many annual or recurring festivals, concerts and events, with the festival of [[Aarhus Festuge]] as the most popular and wide-ranging, along with large sports events.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitaarhus.com/ln-int/denmark/sports-events-in-aarhus|title=Sport events in Aarhus|publisher=VisitAarhus|access-date=23 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809192408/http://www.visitaarhus.com/ln-int/denmark/sports-events-in-aarhus|archive-date=9 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sportaarhusevents.dk/en|title=Sport Aarhus Events|publisher=Sport Aarhus Events|access-date=23 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414201409/http://www.sportaarhusevents.dk/en|archive-date=14 April 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Aarhus Festuge is the largest multicultural festival in Scandinavia, always based on a special theme and takes place every year for ten days between late August and early September, transforming the inner city with festive activities and decorations of all kinds.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aarhusfestuge.dk/en//|title=Aarhus Festuge|publisher=Aarhus Festuge|access-date=26 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Gyldendals_Teaterleksikon/Teatre/%C3%85rhus_Festuge|title=Århus Festuge|publisher=[[Gyldendal]]|access-date=26 July 2014|language=da}}</ref>

[[File:Aarhus University boat race.jpg|thumb|The annual boat race at the university campus]]
There are numerous music festivals; the eight-day [[Aarhus Jazz Festival]] features jazz in many venues across the city. It was founded in 1988 and usually takes place in July every year, occasionally August or September.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jazzfest.dk/?a=&lang=en&s=&arrangor=&kryds_id=&date=&id=&aid=&fn=&location=&band_link_id=&genre=&organiser=|title=Aarhus Jazz Festival|publisher=Aarhus Jazz Festival Association|access-date=30 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808173202/http://www.jazzfest.dk/?a=&lang=en&s=&arrangor=&kryds_id=&date=&id=&aid=&fn=&location=&band_link_id=&genre=&organiser=|archive-date=8 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> There are several annually recurring music festivals for contemporary popular music in Aarhus. [[NorthSide Festival (Denmark)|NorthSide Festival]] presents well-known bands every year in mid-June on large outdoor scenes. It is a relatively new event, founded in 2010, but grew from a one-day event to a three-day festival in its first three years, now with 35,000 paying guests in 2015.<ref>[http://www.northside.dk/ NorthSide 2014] Official homepage</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitaarhus.dk/danmark/northside-gdk603870|title=Nothside 2015|publisher=Visit Aarhus|access-date=26 July 2014|language=da|archive-date=29 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729060946/http://www.visitaarhus.dk/danmark/northside-gdk603870|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Spot (music festival)|Spot festival]] is aiming to showcase up-and-coming Danish and Scandinavian talents at selected venues of the inner city.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.visitaarhus.com/aarhus-region/plan-your-trip/spot-festival-gdk645998|title=SPOT Festival|publisher=VisitAarhus|date=2023|access-date=25 January 2023}}</ref> The outdoor [[Grøn Koncert]] music festival takes place every year in many cities across Denmark, including Aarhus. [[Danmarks grimmeste festival]] (lit. Denmark's ugliest Festival) is a small summer music festival held in [[Skjoldhøjkilen]], [[Brabrand]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.songkick.com/venues/1766473-danmarks-grimmeste-festival|title= Danmarks Grimmeste Festival – Aarhus |date= 27 May 2022 |publisher=Songkick|access-date=25 January 2023}}</ref>
[[File:Aarhus Pride, 2012, flags.jpg|thumb|right|Aarhus Pride march. There are several recurring niche festivals in Aarhus.]]
Aarhus also hosts recurring events dedicated to specific art genres. International Living Theatre (ILT) is a bi-annual festival, established in 2009, with [[performing arts]] and stage art on a broad scale. The festival has a vision of showing the best plays and stage art experiences of the world, while at the same time attracting thespians and stage art interested people from both Aarhus and Europe at large.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilt15.dk/en/|title=ILT-15|access-date=23 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502183820/http://www.ilt15.dk/en/|archive-date=2 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> LiteratureXchange is a new annual festival from 2018, focused on literature from around the world as well as regional talents.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.litx.dk/english/|title=LiteratureXchange|access-date=11 July 2019}}</ref> The city actively promotes its [[LGBT|gay and lesbian]] community and celebrates the annual [[Aarhus Pride]] gay pride festival while Aarhus Festuge usually includes exhibits, concerts and events designed for the LGBT communities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aarhuspride.dk/|title=Aarhus Pride|publisher=Aarhus Pride|access-date=6 August 2015|language=da}}</ref>

Notable events of a local scope include the [[Aarhus University|university]] boat-race, held in the University Park since 1991, which has become a local spectator event attracting some 20,000 people. The boat race pits costumed teams from the university departments against each other in inflatable boats in a challenge to win the ''Gyldne Bækken'' (Golden Chamber Pot) trophy.<ref name="kapsejlads">{{cite news|url=http://www.bt.dk/nyheder/se-billederne-fra-aarhus-traditionen-kapsejlads-noegenloeb-og-twerk-konkurrence|title=Se billederne fra Aarhus-traditionen|newspaper=[[BT (tabloid)|BT]]|language=da|access-date=20 January 2017}}</ref> The annual lighting of the Christmas lights on the [[Salling (department store)|Salling]] department store in [[Søndergade, Aarhus|Søndergade]] has also become an attraction in recent times, packing the pedestrianised city centre with thousands of revellers.<ref name="salling">{{cite news|url=http://stiften.dk/aarhus/Se-video-Salling-taendte-500000-julelys-/artikel/381609|title=Salling taendte 500000 julelys|newspaper=[[Århus Stiftstidende]]|language=da|access-date=20 January 2017}}</ref> Significant dates such as [[Saint Lucy's Day]], ''Sankt Hans'' ([[Saint John's Eve]]) and [[Fastelavn]] are traditionally celebrated with numerous events across the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.visitaarhus.dk/aarhusregionen/planlaeg-din-tur/sankt-hans-i-aarhus-gdk909505|title=Sankt Hans i Aarhus|publisher=VisitAarhus|access-date=25 January 2023 |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aarhusmotion.dk/event/vinterloebet-aarhusoe/info/fastelavn|title=FASTELAVN FOR BÅDE BØRN OG VOKSNE |publisher=Aarhus Motion|access-date=25 January 2023 |language=da}}</ref>

===Parks, nature, and recreation===
{{see also|List of parks in Aarhus}}
[[File:RisskovStrand.jpg|thumb|Sandy beaches, such as [[Bellevue Beach, Aarhus|Bellevue Beach]], form most of the coastline.]]
The beech forests of [[Riis Skov]] and [[Marselisborg Forest|Marselisborg]] occupy the hills along the coast to the north and south, and apart from the city centre, sandy beaches form the coastline of the entire municipality. There are two public sea baths, the northern ''[[Den Permanente]]'' below Riis Skov and close to the harbour area, and the southern [[Ballehage Beach]] in the Marselisborg Forests. As in most of Denmark, there are no private beaches in the municipality, but access to ''Den Permanente'' requires a membership, except in the summer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitaarhus.dk/aarhus/natur/en-tur-paa-stranden|title=En Tur På Stranden|publisher=VisitAarhus|access-date=10 December 2014|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213015054/http://www.visitaarhus.dk/aarhus/natur/en-tur-paa-stranden|archive-date=13 December 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Aarhus Universitet - Lake and library.jpg|thumb|The University Park; rolling lawns, ponds, and large oak trees]] 
[[File:Marseliborg Slot set fra Mindeparken.jpg|thumb|right|Blooming cherry trees and Marselisborg Palace in [[Mindeparken]]]]

The relatively mild, temperate marine climate, allows for outdoor recreation year round, including walking, hiking, cycling, and outdoor team sports. Mountain biking is usually restricted to marked routes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vorespuls.dk/artikel/dks-bedste-mtb-ruter-sjov-nedkorsel-ved-aarhus|title=DKS bedste MTB ruter sjov nedkørsel ved Aarhus|date=6 January 2014 |publisher=vorespuls.dk|access-date=10 December 2014|language=da}}</ref> Watersports like sailing, kayaking, motor boating, etc. are also popular, and since the bay rarely freezes up in winter, they can also be practised most of the year. Recreational and transportational pathways for pedestrians and cyclists, radiate from the city centre to the countryside, providing safety from motorised vehicles and a more tranquil experience.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naturhistoriskmuseum.dk/Files//Filer/Solstraaler/a5-folder-UK.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.naturhistoriskmuseum.dk/Files//Filer/Solstraaler/a5-folder-UK.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live|title=Sunbeams Over Århus|publisher=Natural History Museum, Aarhus Nature and Environment (Municipality of Aarhus), The Outdoor Council|access-date=23 August 2015}} Pamphlet of seven routes ("sunbeams").</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naturhistoriskmuseum.dk/Brug_museet/Guidede_ture_p%C3%A5_museet_og_i_naturen/Brug_Solstr%C3%A5ler_over_Aarhus|title=Solstråler over Århus|publisher=Natural History Museum, Aarhus|language=da|access-date=23 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711172637/http://www.naturhistoriskmuseum.dk/Brug_museet/Guidede_ture_p%C3%A5_museet_og_i_naturen/Brug_Solstr%C3%A5ler_over_Aarhus|archive-date=11 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> This includes the 19 kilometre long pathway of ''Brabrandstien'', encircling the [[Brabrand Lake]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://jyllands-posten.dk/aarhus/ECE4451949/historien-om-en-sti?page=2|title=Historien om en sti|trans-title=The history of a pathway|language=da|first=Mogens|last=Weinrich|newspaper=Jyllands-Posten|date=13 November 2000|access-date=2 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819083411/http://jyllands-posten.dk/aarhus/ECE4451949/historien-om-en-sti?page=2|archive-date=19 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://aarhus.dk/media/9766/aabrinken-brabrand-soe-aarslev-engsoe.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://aarhus.dk/media/9766/aabrinken-brabrand-soe-aarslev-engsoe.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live|title=Map of the lake area|publisher=Aarhus Municipality|access-date=2 July 2018}}</ref> The long-range hiking route Aarhus-[[Silkeborg]], starts off from Brabrandstien.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://naturstyrelsen.dk/publikationer/2009/mar/vandreruten-aarhus-silkeborg/|title=Vandreruten Århus-Silkeborg|language=da|publisher=Århus Amt, Natur- og Miljøkontore|date=16 March 2009|access-date=2 July 2018}}</ref>

Aarhus has an unusually high number of parks and green spaces, 134 of them, covering a total area of around {{convert|550|ha|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aarhus.dk/borger/natur-og-miljoe/park-og-skov/parker.aspx|title=Parker|publisher=Aarhus Kommune|access-date=20 July 2014|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729003500/http://www.aarhus.dk/borger/natur-og-miljoe/park-og-skov/parker.aspx|archive-date=29 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> The central [[Aarhus Botanical Gardens|Botanical Gardens]] (''Botanisk Have'') from 1875 are a popular destination, as they include [[The Old Town, Aarhus|The Old Town]] open-air museum and host a number of events throughout the year. Originally used to cultivate fruit trees and other useful plants for the local citizens, there are now a significant collection of trees and bushes from different habitats and regions of the world, including a section devoted to native Danish plants.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitaarhus.com/ln-int/danmark/the-botanical-garden-gdk653305|title=The Botanical Garden|publisher=Visit Aarhus|access-date=20 July 2014}}</ref> Recently renovated tropical and subtropical greenhouses, exhibit exotic plants from throughout the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://scitech.au.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/vis/artikel/botanisk-have-i-aarhus-faar-vaeksthus-og-vidensformidling-i-topklasse/|title=Botanisk Have i Århus får væksthus og vidensformidling i topklasse|publisher=Aarhus University|access-date=20 July 2014|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812102216/http://scitech.au.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/vis/artikel/botanisk-have-i-aarhus-faar-vaeksthus-og-vidensformidling-i-topklasse/|archive-date=12 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Also in the city centre is the undulating [[University Park, Aarhus|University Park]], recognised for its unique landscaped design with large old oak trees.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.au.dk/en/about/profile/history/25kapitlerafuniversitetetshistorie/thebuildingsandtheuniversitypark/|title=The Buildings and the University Park|publisher=Aarhus University|access-date=23 July 2014|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812104220/http://www.au.dk/en/about/profile/history/25kapitlerafuniversitetetshistorie/thebuildingsandtheuniversitypark/|archive-date=12 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Mindeparken|Memorial Park]] (''Mindeparken'') at the coast below Marselisborg Palace, offers a panoramic view across the [[Bay of Aarhus]] and is popular with locals for outings, picnics or events.<ref name=mmpark>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitaarhus.dk/danmark/marselisborg-mindepark-gdk653302|title=Marselisborg Mindepark|publisher=Visit Aarhus|access-date=20 July 2014 |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://aarhus.guide.dk/mindeparken.asp|title=Mindeparken|publisher=Aarhus Guide|access-date=20 July 2014|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726230222/http://aarhus.guide.dk/mindeparken.asp|archive-date=26 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Other notable parks include the small central [[City Hall Park, Aarhus|City Hall Park]] (''Rådhusparken'') and [[Marienlyst Park]] (''Marienlystparken'').<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aarhuswiki.dk/wiki/R%C3%A5dhusparken|title=Rådhusparken|access-date=26 July 2014 |language=da}}</ref> Marienlyst Park is a relatively new park from 1988, situated in [[Hasle, Aarhus|Hasle]] out of the inner city and is less crowded, but it is the largest park in Aarhus, including woodlands, large open grasslands and soccer fields.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bornibyen.dk/aarhus/places/3437-marienlystparken|title=Marienlystparken|publisher=Børn i byen|access-date=23 July 2014 |language=da}}</ref><ref>Marienlyst Park is between 48 and 83 hectares, depending on how much of the woodlands are included. The woodlands are known as ''Brendstrup Skov''.</ref>

Marselisborg Forests and Riis Skov, has a long history of recreational activities of all kinds, including several restaurants, hotels and opportunities for [[green exercise]]. There are marked routes here for jogging, running and mountain biking and large events are hosted regularly. This includes running events, [[cycle racing]] and [[orienteering]], the annual Classic Race Aarhus with historic racing cars, all attracting thousands of people.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.craa.dk/en/about-craa/what-is-it/|title=What is it about?|publisher=Classic Race Aarhus|access-date=23 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923210934/http://www.craa.dk/en/about-craa/what-is-it/|archive-date=23 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Marselisborg Deer Park]] (''Marselisborg Dyrehave'') in Marselisborg Forests, comprises {{convert|22|ha|abbr=on}} of fenced woodland pastures with free-roaming [[sika deer|sika]] and [[roe deer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aarhus.guide.dk/dyrehaven.asp|title=Marselisborg Dyrehave|publisher=Aarhus Portalen|access-date=20 July 2014|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726230407/http://aarhus.guide.dk/dyrehaven.asp|archive-date=26 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Below the [[Moesgård Museum]] in the southern parts of the Marselisborg Forests, is a large historical landscape of pastures and woodlands, presenting different eras of Denmark's prehistory. Sections of the forest comprise trees and vegetation representing specific climatic epochs from the [[Weichselian Ice Age|last Ice Age]] to the present.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.visitaarhus.dk/aarhusregionen/planlaeg-din-tur/marselisborg-skovene-gdk653295|title=Marselisborg Skovene|publisher=Marselisborg Skovene|access-date=25 January 2023 |language=da}}</ref> Dotted across the landscape are reconstructed Stone Age and Bronze Age graves, buildings from the Iron Age, Viking Age and medieval times, with grazing goats, sheep and horses in between.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aarhus.dk/media/7695/fortidens-spor-i-marselisborg-skove.pdf|title=Fortidens spor i Marselisborg skove|publisher=Natur og Miliø|access-date=25 January 2023|language=da|archive-date=25 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125135837/https://www.aarhus.dk/media/7695/fortidens-spor-i-marselisborg-skove.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Food, drink, and nightlife===
[[File:Oli Nico.jpg|thumb|Aarhus presents a large variety of restaurants]]
Aarhus has a large variety of restaurants and eateries offering food from cultures all over the world, especially Mediterranean and Asian, but also international gourmet cuisine, [[Danish cuisine|traditional Danish food]] and [[New Nordic Cuisine]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spiseguiden.dk/soegning.asp?regionid=18&regionname=Region+Midtjylland&postalcode=8000%2C+8100%2C+8200%2C+8210%2C+8220%2C+8230%2C+8240%2C+8245%2C+8250%2C+8260%2C+8270&city=Aarhus&geoscope=3&lineid=0&keywordid=0&sortorder=0&pagenumber=1&searchinput=restaurant&postnummer=Aarhus |title=Restaurants in Aarhus |work=Jyllands-Posten |language=da |access-date=27 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903074225/http://www.spiseguiden.dk/soegning.asp?regionid=18&regionname=Region+Midtjylland&postalcode=8000%2C+8100%2C+8200%2C+8210%2C+8220%2C+8230%2C+8240%2C+8245%2C+8250%2C+8260%2C+8270&city=Aarhus&geoscope=3&lineid=0&keywordid=0&sortorder=0&pagenumber=1&searchinput=restaurant&postnummer=Aarhus |archive-date=3 September 2014 |url-status=dead}} Reviews and data on 453 restaurants in Aarhus.</ref> Among the oldest restaurants are ''Rådhuscafeen'' (lit. The City Hall Café), opened in 1924, serving a menu of traditional Danish meals, and ''Peter Gift'' from 1906, a tavern with a broad beer selection and a menu of [[smørrebrød]] and other Danish dishes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aoa.dk/restaurant-og-cafe/raadhuus-kafeen |title=AoA Raadhus Cafeen |publisher=AoA |language=da |access-date=20 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220044729/http://www.aoa.dk/restaurant-og-cafe/raadhuus-kafeen |archive-date=20 December 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://petergift.dk/ |title=Peter Gift |publisher=Peter Gift |language=da |access-date=20 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218061249/http://petergift.dk/ |archive-date=18 December 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In Aarhus, New Nordic can be experienced at ''Kähler Villa Dining'', ''Hærværk'' and ''Domestic'', but local produce can be had at many places, especially at the twice-weekly food markets in Frederiksbjerg.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/Ingerslevtorv/ |title=Torvet på Ingerslev |language=da |publisher=Facebook|access-date=2 May 2018}}</ref> Aarhus and [[Central Denmark Region]] was selected as [[European Region of Gastronomy]] in 2017.<ref>European Region of Gastronom: [http://www.europeanregionofgastronomy.org/awards/awarded-and-candidate-regions Awarded and Candidate Regions] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412062403/http://www.europeanregionofgastronomy.org/awards/awarded-and-candidate-regions |date=12 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.danishfoodregion.eu/ |title=European Region of Gastronomy 2017 |website=European Region of Gastronomy |access-date=11 April 2017 |archive-date=12 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412062806/http://www.danishfoodregion.eu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The city (and municipality) is a member of the [[Délice Network]], an international non-profit organisation nurturing and facilitating knowledge exchange in [[gastronomy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.delice-network.com/Delice-member-cities/Aarhus|title=Aarhus, Denmark|publisher=Délice Network|access-date=28 October 2018|archive-date=29 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029035553/https://www.delice-network.com/Delice-member-cities/Aarhus|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Appraised high-end restaurants serving international gourmet cuisine include Frederikshøj, Substans, Gastromé, Det Glade Vanvid, Nordisk Spisehus, Restaurant Varna, Restaurant ET, Gäst, Brasserie Belli, Møf.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whiteguide.dk/province/aarhus|title=White Guide - Aarhus|publisher=White Guide|access-date=19 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503075840/http://www.whiteguide.dk/province/aarhus|archive-date=3 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://guide.michelin.com/dk/aarhus/restaurants?max=30&sort=relevance&order=desc|title=Aarhus Michelin Restaurants|publisher=Michelin|access-date=19 May 2018|archive-date=20 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520054914/https://guide.michelin.com/dk/aarhus/restaurants?max=30&sort=relevance&order=desc|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spiseguiden.dk/nyhed.asp?Id=64&LcId=da&AjrDcmntId=774&Scope=0&ScopeKey=0 |title=International mesterklasse på Frederikshøj |language=da |trans-title=International gourmet class at Frederikshøj |first1=Maria Danmark |last1=Nielsen |first2=Katrine |last2=Holler |name-list-style=amp |website=Spiseguiden.dk |publisher=Jyllands-Posten |date=28 April 2014 |access-date=27 August 2014 |quote=22 restaurants in Aarhus were among the best in Denmark, according to White Guide |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903074715/http://www.spiseguiden.dk/nyhed.asp?Id=64&LcId=da&AjrDcmntId=774&Scope=0&ScopeKey=0 |archive-date=3 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://politiken.dk/rejser/turengaartil/europa/danmark/aarhus/restauranter/ |title=Restauranter i Aarhus |first=Ole |last=Loumann |website=Politiken |access-date=30 July 2014 |language=da |trans-title=Restaurants in Aarhus |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714052143/http://politiken.dk/rejser/turengaartil/europa/danmark/aarhus/restauranter/ |archive-date=14 July 2014}}</ref> Restaurants in Aarhus were the first in provincial Denmark to receive [[Michelin Guide|Michelin star]]s since 2015, when Michelin inspectors ventured outside Copenhagen for the first time.<ref>{{cite web |author=Daniel Winther Pedersen |url=http://www.spiseguiden.dk/nyhed/danske_restauranter_faar_stjerner_i_februar/877 |title=Danske restauranter får stjerner i februar |trans-title=Danish restaurants receive stars in February |language=da |website=Spiseguiden.dk |publisher=Jyllands-Posten |date=15 January 2015 |access-date=2 June 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918235433/http://www.spiseguiden.dk/nyhed/danske_restauranter_faar_stjerner_i_februar/877 |archive-date=18 September 2016}}</ref>

[[File:Aarhus Street Food.jpg|thumb|Aarhus Street Food, one of two indoor food halls]]
Vendors of street food are numerous throughout the centre, often selling from small trailers on permanent locations formally known as ''[[Pølsevogn]]e'' (lit. sausage wagons), traditionally serving a Danish variety of [[hot dog]]s, sausages and other fast food. There are increasingly more outlets inspired by other cultural flavours such as [[sushi]], [[Doner kebab|kebab]] and [[currywurst]].<ref>{{cite web |trans-title=Sausage wagons in Aarhus |url=http://www.krak.dk/p%C3%B8lsevogne/%C3%A5rhus/s%C3%B8g.cs |title=Pølsevogne i Aarhus |website=Krak.dk |language=da |access-date=20 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://aarhusupdate.dk/takeaway-fra-ginza-sushi-ingen-snak-og-fin-value-money/ |title=Takeaway fra Ginza Sushi |website=Aarhus Update |date=12 November 2014 |language=da |access-date=20 December 2014}}</ref>

The city centre is packed with cafés, especially along the river and the [[Latinerkvarteret, Aarhus|Latin quarter]]. Some of them also include an evening restaurant, such as ''Café Casablanca'', ''Café Carlton'', ''Café Cross'' and ''Gyngen''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://studenterguiden.dk/byguide/Aarhus/Cafeer/5/9?page=3 |title=Byguide |publisher=Studenterguiden |language=da |access-date=20 December 2014}}</ref> Aarhus Street Food and Aarhus Central Food Market are two indoor [[food court]]s from 2016 in the city centre, comprising a variety of street food restaurants, cafés and bars.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://aarhusstreetfood.com/ |title=Aarhus Street Food |website=Aarhus Street Food}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://aarhuscentralfoodmarket.dk/en/aarhus-central-food-market-new-food-mecca-heart-aarhus/ |title=Welcome to the new food mecca in the heart of Aarhus |website=Aarhus Central Food Market |access-date=10 January 2017 |archive-date=11 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170111003445/http://aarhuscentralfoodmarket.dk/en/aarhus-central-food-market-new-food-mecca-heart-aarhus/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Ingerslev Torv (ost).jpg|thumb|Cheese stand at the local food markets on Frederiksbjerg]]
Aarhus has a robust and diverse nightlife. The action tends to concentrate in the inner city, with the pedestrianised riverside, Frederiksgade, the Latin Quarter, and Jægergårdsgade on Frederiksbjerg as the most active centres at night, but things are stirring elsewhere around the city too. The nightlife scene offers everything from small joints with cheap alcohol and a homely atmosphere to fashionable nightclubs serving champagne and cocktails or small and large music venues with bars, dance floors and lounges. A short selection of well-established places where you can have a drink and socialise, include the fashionable lounge and night club Kupé at the harbourfront, the relaxed Ris Ras Filliongongong offering [[Hookah|waterpipes]] and an award-winning beer selection, Fatter Eskild with a broad selection of Danish bands playing mostly blues and rock, the [[Wine bar|wine]] and [[book café]] Løve's in Nørregade, ''Sherlock Holmes'', a British-style [[pub]] with live music, and the [[brew pub]] of Sct. Clemens, with [[A Hereford Beefstouw]] restaurant across the cathedral.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.loeves.dk/bogcafe/omtale.php|title=Omtale|publisher=Loeves|language=da|access-date=20 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903110911/http://www.loeves.dk/bogcafe/omtale.php|archive-date=3 September 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ale.dk/index.php?id=495|title=Serving in Aarhus|publisher=Danske Ølentusiaster (Aarhus C)|language=da|access-date=28 August 2014|archive-date=3 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903113844/http://www.ale.dk/index.php?id=495|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{sfn|Porter|Prince|2007|p=372}} A few nightlife spots are aimed at gays and lesbians specifically, including Gbar ([[nightclub]]) and Café Sappho.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.visitaarhus.com/aarhus/see-and-do/aarhus-lgbt|title=Aarhus for LGBTQ+ |publisher=VisitAarhus|access-date=25 January 2023}}</ref>

The ''Århus Set'' ([[Danish language|Danish]]: Århus Sæt) is a set of drinks often ordered together, named for the city and consisting of two beverages, one [[Ceres Brewery|Ceres Top]] beer and one shot [[Arnbitter]], both originally from Aarhus. Ordering "a set" suffices in most bars and pubs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.b.dk/nationalt/et-aarhus-saet-er-ikke-laengere-fra-aarhus |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416115658/http://www.b.dk/nationalt/et-aarhus-saet-er-ikke-laengere-fra-aarhus |archive-date=16 April 2016 |title=Et "Aarhus-sæt" er ikke længere fra Aarhus |work=[[Berlingske Tidende]] |date=6 January 2015 |language=da |access-date=6 January 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tv2oj.dk/artikel/239834:Aarhus--Arnbitter-forlader-Aarhus |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307144956/http://www.tv2oj.dk/artikel/239834%3AAarhus--Arnbitter-forlader-Aarhus |archive-date=7 March 2016 |url-status=live |title=Arnbitter forlader Aarhus |publisher=TV2 Østjylland |language=da |access-date=6 January 2016}}</ref> Aarhus Bryghus is a local [[craft brewery]] with a sizeable production. The brewery is located in the southern district of Viby and a large variety of their craft brews are available there, in most larger well-assorted stores in the city, and in some bars and restaurants as well. They also export.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aarhusbryghus.dk/homepage/english/|title=Aarhus Bryghus|access-date=1 June 2016}}</ref>

===Local dialect===
{{see also|Danish dialects}}
The Aarhus dialect, commonly called ''Aarhusiansk'' (Aarhusian in English), is a [[Jutlandic dialect]] in the [[Danish dialects|Mid-Eastern Jutland dialect area]], traditionally spoken in and around Aarhus.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dialekt.ku.dk/dialekter/jysk/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313225417/http://dialekt.ku.dk/dialekter/jysk/ |archive-date=13 March 2016 |title=Jysk |publisher=[[University of Copenhagen]] |language=da |access-date=6 January 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Aarhusian, as with most local dialects in Denmark, has diminished in use through the 20th century and most Danes today speak some version of Standard Danish with slight regional features. Aarhusian, however, still has a strong presence in older segments of the population and in areas with high numbers of immigrants.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://politiken.dk/kultur/ECE1852264/saarn-bevarer-etniske-unge-aarhusiansk-ikkaa/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126013238/http://politiken.dk/kultur/ECE1852264/saarn-bevarer-etniske-unge-aarhusiansk-ikkaa/ |archive-date=26 January 2016 |title=Saarn bevarer etniske unge ikkaa |work=[[Politiken]] |date=25 December 2012 |language=da |access-date=6 January 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://stiften.dk/dagens-portraet/hun-fandt-den-aarhusianske-dialekt-i-aarhus-v |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505041916/http://stiften.dk/dagens-portraet/hun-fandt-den-aarhusianske-dialekt-i-aarhus-v |archive-date=5 May 2016 |title=Hun fandt den Aarhusianske dialekt i Aarhus V |newspaper=[[Århus Stiftstidende]] |language=da |access-date=6 January 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://stiften.dk/aarhus/vi-snakker-mindre-aarhusiansk-do |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501230900/http://stiften.dk/aarhus/vi-snakker-mindre-aarhusiansk-do |archive-date=1 May 2016 |title=Vi snakker mindre Aarhusiansk do |newspaper=[[Århus Stiftstidende]] |language=da |access-date=6 January 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Some examples of common, traditional and unique Aarhusian words are: ''træls'' ('tiresome'), ''noller'' ('silly' or 'dumb') and ''dælme'' ([[Phrasal exclamation|excl]]. 'damn me!').<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.information.dk/284790 |title=Aarhus – engelsk for noller |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208031329/http://www.information.dk/284790 |archive-date=8 February 2016 |work=[[Dagbladet Information]] |date=11 November 2011 |language=da |access-date=6 January 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://odt.hum.ku.dk/dokumenter/Glargaard__Amalie.__2014_._Tr_ls_-_dialekt_eller_standardsprog._Eksamensopgave.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224134428/http://odt.hum.ku.dk/dokumenter/Glargaard__Amalie.__2014_._Tr_ls_-_dialekt_eller_standardsprog._Eksamensopgave.pdf |archive-date=24 February 2016 |title=Træls – dialekt eller standardsprog |publisher=[[University of Copenhagen]] |language=da |access-date=15 January 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> The dialect is notable for single-syllable words ending in "d" being pronounced with [[stød]] while the same letter in multiple-syllable words is pronounced as "j", i.e., [[Odder]] is pronounced "Ojjer". Like other dialects in East Jutland, it has two [[grammatical gender]]s, similar to Standard Danish, but different from West Jutlandic dialects, which have only one.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://pure.au.dk/portal/da/publications/aarhusiansk--byens-sprog-foer-og-nu(eb13f420-ae37-11dc-89ab-000ea68e967b).html |title=Århusiansk – byens sprog før og nu|last=Borchmann|first=Simon|chapter=4|year=2009|publisher=Aarhus Universitetsforlag|isbn=978-87-7934-436-5}}</ref> In 2009, the University of Aarhus compiled a list of contemporary public figures who best exemplify the dialect, including [[Jacob Haugaard]], [[Thomas Helmig]], [[Steffen Brandt]], [[Stig Tøfting]], [[Flemming Jørgensen]], [[Tina Dickow]] and [[Camilla Martin]]. In popular culture, the dialect features prominently in [[Niels Malmros]]'s movie ''Aarhus by Night'' and in 90s comedy sketches by Jacob Haugaard and [[Finn Nørbygaard]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://jysk.au.dk/fileadmin/www.jysk.au.dk/publikationer/centrets_publikationer/Aarhusiansk.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506161443/http://jysk.au.dk/fileadmin/www.jysk.au.dk/publikationer/centrets_publikationer/Aarhusiansk.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2016 |title=Aarhusiansk |publisher=[[University of Aarhus]] |language=da |access-date=6 January 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Sports==
[[File:Dk og isbjerget.png|thumb|right|upright=1|Sailsports in the Aarhus Bay, 2014]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Club
!Sport
!League
!Venue (capacity)
!Founded
!Titles
!Attendance
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | [[Aarhus Gymnastikforening]]
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | Football
|  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;"| [[Danish Superliga|Superliga]]
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | [[Atletion|Ceres Park]] (20,032)
| align=center | 1880
| align=center | 5
| align=center | 23,990<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.agffodboldafd.dk/Historie_page7070.aspx|title=Historie|publisher=Aarhus Gymnastikforening|access-date=10 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213014911/http://www.agffodboldafd.dk/Historie_page7070.aspx|archive-date=13 December 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| [[Aarhus GF Håndbold]]
| [[Handball]]
|  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;"| [[Danish Handball League]]
| [[Ceres Arena]] (4,700)
| align=center | 2001
| align=center | 9<ref>In 2001, A.G.F., Aarhus KFUM, VRI and Brabrand IF merged to form Aarhus GF Håndbold. Collectively these clubs have 9 titles.</ref>
| align=center | 4,700<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aarhusportalen.dk/vis_artikel.asp?ArticleId=8042|title=Håndbold: Århus GF mestre i tilskuere|publisher=Aarhus Portalen|access-date=10 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220170915/http://www.aarhusportalen.dk/vis_artikel.asp?ArticleId=8042|archive-date=20 December 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| [[Bakken Bears]]
| [[Basketball]]
|  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;"| [[Danish Basketball League]]
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | [[Vejlby-Risskov Hallen]] (1,800)
| align=center | 1962
| align=center | 16
| align=center | 2,500<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bakkenbears.com/index.php?id=58|title=Tilskuerrekorder|publisher=Bakken Bears|access-date=10 December 2014}}</ref>
|}
[[File:Aarhus stadion.jpg|thumb|Ceres Park in [[Atletion]]]]
Aarhus has three major men's professional sports teams: the [[Danish Superliga|Superliga team]] [[Aarhus Gymnastikforening]] (AGF), [[Danish Handball League]]'s [[Aarhus GF Håndbold]], and [[Danish Basketball League]]'s [[Bakken Bears]]. Notable or historic clubs include [[Aarhus 1900]], [[Aarhus Fremad]], [[IK Skovbakken|Idrætsklubben Skovbakken]] and [[Aarhus Sejlklub]]. [[Aarhus Idrætspark]] has hosted matches in the premiere Danish soccer league since it was formed in 1920 and matches for the national men's soccer team in 2006 and 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dbu.dk/Nyheder/2006/December/landskamp_i_aarhus|title=Landskamp i Aarhus|publisher=Dansk Boldspil Union|access-date=10 December 2014|archive-date=16 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716032203/http://www.dbu.dk/Nyheder/2006/December/landskamp_i_aarhus|url-status=dead}}</ref> The five sailing clubs routinely win national and international titles in a range of disciplines and the future national watersports stadium will be located on the [[Aarhus Docklands]] in the city centre.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sejlsport.dk/nyt/2014/08/ap-moeller-fonden-donerer-penge-til-nyt-sejlsportscenter|title=AP Møller Fonden donerer penge til ny sejlsportscenter|publisher=Sejlsport.dk|access-date=10 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sejlsport.dk/kapsejlads/resultater|title=Resultater|publisher=Sejlsport.Dk|access-date=10 December 2014}}</ref> The Bakken Bears won the Danish basketball championships in 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bakkenbears.com/about/|title=Hvem er Bakken Bears?|publisher=Bakken Bears|access-date=25 January 2023 |language=da}}</ref>

The municipality actively supports sports organisations in and around the city, providing public organisations that aim to attract major sporting events and strengthen professional sports.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aarhus.dk/omkommunen/organisation/Kultur-og-Borgerservice/Sport-og-Fritid.aspx|title=Sport og Fritid Aarhus Kommune|publisher=Aarhus Kommune|access-date=12 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515022010/http://www.aarhus.dk/omkommunen/organisation/Kultur-og-Borgerservice/Sport-og-Fritid.aspx|archive-date=15 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark]] counts some 380 sports organisations within the municipality and about one third of the population are members of one.<ref name="dif">{{cite web|url=http://www.dif.dk/da/om_dif/medlemstal|title=Medlemstal|publisher=Dansk Idræts Forbund|access-date=10 December 2014}}</ref> Soccer is by far the most popular sport followed by [[Gymnastics]], [[Handball]] and [[Badminton]].<ref name="dif"/>

In recent decades, many free and public sports facilities have sprung up across the city, such as [[Street football (association football)|street football]], basketball, [[climbing wall]]s, [[skateboarding]] and [[beach volley]]. Several natural sites also offer [[green exercise]], with exercise equipment installed along the paths and tracks reserved for [[mountain biking]]. The newly reconstructed area of [[Skjoldhøjkilen]] is a prime example.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aarhus.dk/~/media/Dokumenter/Teknik-og-Miljoe/Natur-og-Miljoe/Ud-i-naturen/brochurer-og-foldere/Naturfoldere-fra-Aarhus-Kommune/Skjoldhoejkilen---et-rekreativt-omraade.pdf|title=Skjoldhøjkilen et rekreativt område|publisher=Aarhus Kommune|language=da|access-date=31 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302155612/http://www.aarhus.dk/~/media/Dokumenter/Teknik-og-Miljoe/Natur-og-Miljoe/Ud-i-naturen/brochurer-og-foldere/Naturfoldere-fra-Aarhus-Kommune/Skjoldhoejkilen---et-rekreativt-omraade.pdf|archive-date=2 March 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Aarhus has hosted many sporting events including the [[2010 European Women's Handball Championship]], the [[2014 European Men's Handball Championship]], the [[Men's European Volleyball Championship|2013 Men's European Volleyball Championships]], the 2005 [[European Table Tennis Championships]], the [[Denmark Open]] in [[badminton]], the [[Union Cycliste Internationale|UCI]] [[UCI Women's Road World Cup|Women's Road Cycling World Cup]], the 2006 [[World Orienteering Championships]], the [[2006 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships]] and the [[GF World Cup]] (women's handball).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aarhus.dk/sitecore/content/Subsites/CityOfAarhus/Home/The-international-perspective/Business-development-in-an-international-perspective/Aarhus-is-Denmarks-Number-One-for-Sporting-Events.aspx|title=Aarhus is Denmark's Number One for Sporting Events|publisher=Aarhus Kommune|access-date=1 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809204338/http://www.aarhus.dk/sitecore/content/Subsites/CityOfAarhus/Home/The-international-perspective/Business-development-in-an-international-perspective/Aarhus-is-Denmarks-Number-One-for-Sporting-Events.aspx|archive-date=9 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> On average, Aarhus is hosting one or two international sailing competitions every year. In 2008, the city hosted the [[ISAF Youth Sailing World Championships]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sailing-aarhus.dk/kapsejladser-og-events/events/ |title=Past Events |publisher=[[Sailing Aarhus]] |access-date=21 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705222632/http://www.sailing-aarhus.dk/kapsejladser-og-events/events/ |archive-date=5 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sailing-aarhus.dk/kapsejladser-og-events/tidligere-kapsejladser/ |title=Future Events |publisher=[[Sailing Aarhus]] |access-date=21 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150720091139/http://www.sailing-aarhus.dk/kapsejladser-og-events/tidligere-kapsejladser/ |archive-date=20 July 2015}}</ref> and in 2018 it was host to the [[ISAF Sailing World Championships]], the world championship for the 12 Olympic sailing disciplines.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aarhus2018.com/|title=Hempel Sailing World Championships Aarhus 2018|website=Aarhus 2018 Sailing World Championships|access-date=4 August 2017|archive-date=5 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805015741/http://www.aarhus2018.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Aarhus is an important qualifier for the 2020 Olympics.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://politiken.dk/sport/ECE2252016/aarhus-vil-have-sejler-vm-i-byens-nye-forhave/|title=Aarhus vil have sejler VM i byens nye forhave|work=Politiken|date=2 April 2014|access-date=23 November 2014}}</ref>

==Education==
{{see also|List of educational institutions in Aarhus}}
[[File:Aarhus Universitets hovedbygning set fra parken-cropped.jpg|thumb|right|[[Aarhus University]]]]

Aarhus is the principal centre for education in the Jutland region. It draws students from a large area, especially from the western and southern parts of the peninsula. The relatively large influx of young people and students creates a natural base for cultural activities.<ref name=etb>{{cite web|url=http://australia.etbnews.com/117939/aarhus-denmarks-city-of-smiles-3/|title=Aarhus, Denmark's City of Smiles|publisher=ETB News|access-date=26 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808142527/http://australia.etbnews.com/117939/aarhus-denmarks-city-of-smiles-3/|archive-date=8 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Aarhus has the greatest concentration of students in Denmark, fully 12% of citizens attending short, medium or long courses of study. In addition to around 25 institutions of higher education, several research forums have evolved to assist in the transfer of expertise from education to business.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aarhus2017.dk/projektet/aarhus-styrkepositioner/uddannelse|title=Uddannelse|publisher=Aarhus 2017|access-date=26 July 2014|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808142522/http://www.aarhus2017.dk/projektet/aarhus-styrkepositioner/uddannelse|archive-date=8 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> The city is home to more than 52,000 students.<ref>Aarhus Kommune: [http://www.aarhus.dk/aarhus/Uddannelse-i-Aarhus/Boliger.aspx Boliger] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925115327/http://www.aarhus.dk/aarhus/Uddannelse-i-Aarhus/Boliger.aspx |date=25 September 2015}}</ref>{{when|date=October 2017}}

Since 2012, [[Aarhus University]] (AU) has been the largest university in Denmark by number of students enrolled.<ref name="businessaarhus.dk">{{cite web |url=http://www.businessaarhus.dk/da/NewsList/2011/4-kvartal/Aarhus-Universitet-runder-40-000-studerende.aspx |title=Aarhus Universitet runder 40.000 studerende: Business Aarhus |publisher=Businessaarhus.dk |access-date=10 July 2014 |language=da |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011134105/http://www.businessaarhus.dk/da/NewsList/2011/4-kvartal/Aarhus-Universitet-runder-40-000-studerende.aspx |archive-date=11 October 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> It is [[University ranking|ranked]] among the top 100 universities in the world by several of the most influential and respected rankings. The university has approximately 41,500 [[Bachelor's degree|Bachelor]] and [[Master's degree|Master]] students enrolled as well as about 1,500 PhD students.<ref name="businessaarhus.dk"/> It is possible to engage in higher academic studies in many areas, from the traditional spheres of [[natural science]], [[humanities]] and theology to more vocational academic areas like engineering and [[dentistry]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.au.dk/en/about/profile/history/25kapitlerafuniversitetetshistorie/facultyoftheology/|title=Faculty of Theology|publisher=Aarhus University|access-date=1 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812203040/http://www.au.dk/en/about/profile/history/25kapitlerafuniversitetetshistorie/facultyoftheology/|archive-date=12 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[Aarhus Tech]] is one of the largest technical colleges in Denmark, teaching undergraduate study programmes in English, including [[vocational education and training]] (VET), continuing vocational training (CVT), and [[human resource development]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aarhustech.dk/english/english/aarhus-tech-international/services|title=AARHUS TECH International services|publisher=Aarhustech.dk|access-date=1 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808043003/http://aarhustech.dk/english/english/aarhus-tech-international/services|archive-date=8 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Business Academy Aarhus]] is among the largest business academies in Denmark and offers undergraduate and some academic degrees, in [[IT]], business and technical fields. The academic level technical aspects are covered in a collaboration with Aarhus Tech, [[Aarhus School of Marine and Technical Engineering]] and [[Aarhus Educational Centre for Agriculture]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.baaa.dk/about-us/about-business-academy-aarhus/ |title=About Business Academy Aarhus |publisher=Business Academy Aarhus |access-date=16 May 2017}}</ref> The [[Danish School of Media and Journalism]] (DMJX) is the oldest and largest of the colleges, offering journalism courses since 1946, with approximately 1,700 students as of 2014. DMJX has been an independent institution since 1974, conducting research and teaching at undergraduate level, and in 2004, master's courses in journalism was established in a collaboration with Aarhus University. The latter is offered through the Centre for University studies in journalism, granting degrees through the university.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mundusjournalism.com/universities/uni-dsj|title=The Danish School of Media and Journalism|publisher=Mundusjournalism.com|access-date=1 August 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727121548/http://mundusjournalism.com/universities/uni-dsj|archive-date=27 July 2014}}</ref>

The [[Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus/Aalborg|Royal Academy of Music in Aarhus]] (''Det Jyske Musikkonservatorium'') is a [[conservatoire]], established under the auspices of the [[Ministry of Culture (Denmark)|Danish Ministry of Culture]] in 1927. In 2010, it merged administratively with the Royal Academy of Music in Aalborg, which was founded in 1930.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.masterstudies.co.uk/universities/Denmark/The-Royal-Academy-of-Music-Det-Jyske-Musikkonservatorium/|title=The Royal Academy of Music – Det Jyske Musikkonservatorium|publisher=Masterstudies.co.uk|access-date=1 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808061517/http://www.masterstudies.co.uk/universities/Denmark/The-Royal-Academy-of-Music-Det-Jyske-Musikkonservatorium/|archive-date=8 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Under the patronage of His Royal Highness [[Frederik X|Crown Prince Frederik]], it offers graduate level studies in areas such as music teaching, and solo and professional musicianship. [[VIA University College]] was established in January 2008 and is one of eight new regional organisations offering [[bachelor's degree|bachelor]] courses of all kinds, throughout the [[Central Denmark Region]]. It offers over 50 higher educations, taught in Danish or sometimes in English, with vocational education and it participates in various research and development projects.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.viauc.com/about/Pages/about-us.aspx|title=About VIA|publisher=Viauc.com|access-date=1 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729104641/http://www.viauc.com/about/Pages/about-us.aspx|archive-date=29 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Aarhus School of Architecture]] (''Arkitektskolen Aarhus'') was founded in 1965. Along with the [[Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts]] of Copenhagen, it is responsible for the education of architects in Denmark. With an enrolment of approximately 900 students, it teaches in five main departments: architecture and aesthetics, urban and landscape, architectonic heritage, design and architectural design.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Kunst_og_kultur/Arkitektur/Arkitekturinstitutioner/Arkitektskolen_Aarhus|title=Arkitektskolen Aarhus|publisher=[[Gyldendal]]|access-date=1 August 2014|language=da}}</ref>

==Transport==
[[File:Aarhus Hovedbanegård (april).jpg|thumb|upright=1|Aarhus Central Station]]
Aarhus has two [[ring road]]s; [[Ring 1 (Aarhus)|Ring 1]], roughly encircling the central district of Aarhus C, and the outlying [[Ring 2 (Aarhus)|Ring 2]]. Six major intercity motorways radiate from the city centre, connecting with nearby cities [[Grenå]], [[Randers]], [[Viborg, Denmark|Viborg]], [[Silkeborg]], [[Skanderborg]] and [[Odder]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://trimis.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/project/documents/Rapport%20om%20midtjyske%20motorvej.pdf|title=Midtjysk motorvej|publisher=Vejdirekoratet|access-date=25 January 2023|language=da|archive-date=1 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801190305/https://trimis.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/project/documents/Rapport%20om%20midtjyske%20motorvej.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In the inner city, motorised traffic is highly regulated, larger parts are pedestrianised and in the 2000s, a system of roads prioritised for cyclists have been implemented, connecting to suburban areas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.visitaarhus.com/areas-and-cities/aarhus/activities/aarhus-bike|title=Aarhus by bike|publisher=VisitAarhus|access-date=25 January 2023}}</ref>

The main railway station in Aarhus is [[Aarhus Central Station]] located in the city centre. [[DSB (railway company)|DSB]] has connections to destinations throughout Denmark and also services to [[Flensburg]] and [[Hamburg]] in Germany.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aarhus.com/city__traffic.asp|title=City & traffic|publisher=aarhus.com|access-date=28 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726221547/http://www.aarhus.com/city__traffic.asp|archive-date=26 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Bikes in Aarhus.jpg|thumb|upright=1| As in Denmark overall, bicycles are a popular means of transportation. Bike parking at the central station.]]
[[Aarhus Letbane]] is a local electric [[tram-train]] system that opened in December 2017, connecting the central station and the inner city with the University Hospital in Skejby and also replaced local railway services to [[Grenaa]] and [[Odder]] in late 2018. It is the first electric light rail system in Denmark and more routes are planned to open in coming years. Tickets for the light rail are also available in local yellow bus lines.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/aarhus-tram-train-project-gets-the-go-ahead.html |title=Aarhus tram-train project gets the go-ahead |date=10 May 2012 |magazine=[[Railway Gazette International]] |access-date=11 May 2012 |archive-date=1 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301085800/https://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/aarhus-tram-train-project-gets-the-go-ahead.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Most city bus lines go through the inner city and pass through either [[Park Allé, Aarhus|Park Allé]] or [[Banegårdsplads, Aarhus|Banegårdspladsen]], or both, right at the central station.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.midttrafik.dk/in-english.aspx|title=Buses in Aarhus and other city buses|publisher=Midttraffik|access-date=28 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626164737/https://www.midttrafik.dk/in-english.aspx|archive-date=26 June 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Regional and Inter-city buses terminate at Aarhus Bus Terminal, just east of the central station.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.midttrafik.dk/kundeservice/salgssteder/aarhus-kommune/|title=Midttrafik Kundecenter|publisher=Midttrafik|access-date=9 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109134602/https://www.midttrafik.dk/kundeservice/salgssteder/aarhus-kommune/|archive-date=9 November 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://aarhuswiki.dk/wiki/Aarhus_Rutebilstation|title=Aarhus Rutebilstation|publisher=AarhusWiki|language=da|access-date=9 November 2017}}</ref> [[FlixBus]] provides long-distance buses that travel to other cities in Denmark and Europe.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bus Routes Overview |url=https://global.flixbus.com/bus-routes |website=[[FlixBus]] |access-date=15 February 2020}}</ref>

Ferries administered by Danish ferry company [[Mols-Linien]] transports passengers and motorvehicles between Aarhus and [[Sjællands Odde]] on [[Zealand]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mols-linien.dk/index.dsp?page=3630|title=KatExpress 1 – en af verdens største hurigfargen|publisher=Mols Linien|access-date=29 July 2014|language=da|archive-date=29 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729172643/http://www.mols-linien.dk/index.dsp?page=3630|url-status=dead}}</ref> The ferries comprises ''[[HSC KatExpress 1]]'' and ''[[HSC KatExpress 2]]'', the world's largest diesel-powered [[catamaran]]s,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ldlines.co.uk/bienvenue_norman_arrow.php|title=Welcome Aboard – Norman Arrow|publisher=Ldlines.co.uk|access-date=1 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326152955/http://www.ldlines.co.uk/bienvenue_norman_arrow.php|archive-date=26 March 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> and ''[[HSC Max Mols]]''.
<ref>{{cite web |title=New 115 metre high speed catamaran for Molslinjen – largest ferry to be built by Austal |url=https://www.austal.com/news/new-115-metre-high-speed-catamaran-molslinjen-largest-ferry-be-built-austal |publisher=Austal |date=24 October 2019 |access-date=25 January 2023}}</ref>

[[Aarhus Airport]] is located on Djursland, {{convert|40|km|mi|abbr=on}} north-east of Aarhus near [[Tirstrup]], and provides links to both Copenhagen and international destinations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arhus-aar.airports-guides.com/aar_airport_maps.html|title=Aarhus Airport (AAR)|publisher=Airport Guides|access-date=28 July 2014}}</ref> The larger [[Billund Airport]] is situated {{convert|95|km|mi|abbr=on}} south-west of Aarhus.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Bil,_b%C3%A5d,_fly_m.m./Luftfart/Lufthavne_og_jordorganisation/Billund_Airport|title=Billund Airport|publisher=[[Gyldendal]]|access-date=28 July 2014 |language=da}}</ref> There has been much discussion about constructing a new airport closer to the city for many years, but so far no plans have been realised.<ref>{{cite web |last=Dalhoff |first=Maria |url=http://jyllands-posten.dk/aarhus/erhverv/ECE6541244/borgmester-vil-droefte-en-ny-lufthavn/|title=Borgmester Vil Drøfte en ny lufthavn|work=Jyllands-Posten|date=6 March 2014|access-date=28 July 2014 |language=da}}</ref> In August 2014, the city council officially initiated a process to assert the viability of a new international airport.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jyllands-posten.dk/aarhus/erhverv/ECE6976154/nu-skal-ny-lufthavnsplacering-undersoeges/|title=Nu skal ny lufthavnsplacering undersøges|publisher=Morgenavisen Jyllands-Posten|date=27 August 2014|access-date=29 August 2014|language=da}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aarhus.dk/da/erhverv/erhvervsudvikling/Infrastruktur-og-byudvikling/Analyse-af-en-eventuel-ny-placering-af-Aarhus-Lufthavn.aspx |title=Analyse af en eventuel ny placering af Aarhus Lufthavn |publisher=Aarhus Kommune |date=17 June 2015 |access-date=2 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807104229/https://www.aarhus.dk/da/erhverv/erhvervsudvikling/Infrastruktur-og-byudvikling/Analyse-af-en-eventuel-ny-placering-af-Aarhus-Lufthavn.aspx |archive-date=7 August 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A small [[seaplane]] now operates four flights daily between Aarhus harbour and Copenhagen harbour.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business.dk/transport/pengemandens-millionplan-vandfly-skal-i-timedrift-mellem-koebenhavn-og-aar |title=Pengemandens millionplan: Vandfly skal i timedrift mellem København og Aarhus|work=[[business.dk]]|date=25 May 2016|access-date=28 May 2016}}</ref>

Aarhus has a free bike sharing system, [[Aarhus Bycykler]] (Aarhus City Bikes). The bicycles are available from 1 April to 30 October at 57 stands throughout the city and can be obtained by placing a DKK 20 coin in a release slot, like caddies in a supermarket. The coin can be retrieved when the bike is returned at a random stand. Bicycles can also be hired from many shops.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aarhus.dk/sitecore/content/Subsites/AarhusBycykel/Home/English.aspx|title=Aarhus City Bikes|publisher=Aarhus Kommune|access-date=29 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809142130/http://www.aarhus.dk/sitecore/content/Subsites/AarhusBycykel/Home/English.aspx|archive-date=9 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{clear left}}

==Healthcare==
{{See also|Healthcare in Denmark}}
[[File:Aarhus Universitetshospital, Skejby.jpg|thumb|left|Aarhus University Hospital]]
Aarhus is home to [[Aarhus University Hospital]], one of six Danish "Super Hospitals" officially established in 2007 when [[Regions of Denmark|the regions]] reformed the Danish healthcare sector.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.danskekommuner.dk/Global/Artikelbilleder/2015/DK-3/DK-3-side-26-27.pdf |title=Supersygehus |publisher=[[Aarhus Municipality]] |access-date=22 April 2016 |language=da |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605114943/http://www.danskekommuner.dk/Global/Artikelbilleder/2015/DK-3/DK-3-side-26-27.pdf |archive-date=5 June 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The university hospital is the result of a series of mergers in the 2000s between the local hospitals of [[Skejby Sygehus]], the [[Aarhus Municipal Hospital|Municipal Hospital]], the [[Aarhus County Hospital|County Hospital]], [[Marselisborg Hospital]] and [[Jydske Asyl|Risskov Psychiatric Hospital]]. It is today the largest hospital in Denmark with a combined staff of some 10,000 and 1,150 patient beds,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.en.auh.dk/about-the-hospital/organisation/ |title=Organisation |publisher=[[Aarhus University Hospital]] |access-date=14 April 2019 |archive-date=5 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105174300/https://www.en.auh.dk/about-the-hospital/organisation/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> and has been ranked the best hospital in Denmark consecutively since 2008.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.en.auh.dk/about-the-hospital/denmarks-best-hospital/ |title=Denmark's best hospital 2018 |publisher=[[Aarhus University Hospital]] |date=14 December 2018 |access-date=14 April 2019 |archive-date=1 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201182416/https://www.en.auh.dk/about-the-hospital/denmarks-best-hospital/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2012, construction of a new large hospital building began, known as Det Nye Universitetshospital (DNU) or 'The New University Hospital' in English, and it is centralising and accommodating all of the former departments, ending in 2019. The new hospital is divided in four clinical centres, a service centre and one administrative unit along with twelve research centres.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.auh.dk/om-auh/forskningsenheder/ |title=Forskningsenheder |publisher=[[Aarhus University Hospital]] |access-date=22 April 2016 |language=da |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328175121/http://www.auh.dk/om-auh/forskningsenheder |archive-date=28 March 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.auh.dk/om-auh/centre/ |title=Centre |publisher=[[Aarhus University Hospital]] |access-date=22 April 2016 |language=da |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330072000/http://www.auh.dk/om-auh/centre |archive-date=30 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Private hospitals specialised in different areas from plastic surgery to fertility treatments operate in Aarhus as well. ''Ciconia Aarhus Private Hospital'' founded in 1984 is a leading Danish fertility clinic and the first of its kind in Denmark. Ciconia has provided for the birth of 6,000 children by artificial insemination and continually conducts research into the field of fertility.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ciconia.dk/en/ |title=About |publisher=Ciconia Fertility Clinic |access-date=22 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509174140/http://www.ciconia.dk/en/ |archive-date=9 May 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> ''Aagaard Clinic'', established in 2004, is another private fertility and [[gynaecology]] clinic which since 2004 has undertaken fertility treatments that has resulted in 1550 births.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aagaardklinik.dk/10007,10128/about_the_clinic |title=About the clinic |publisher=Aagaard Fertility Clinic |access-date=22 April 2016 |language=da |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327025449/https://www.aagaardklinik.dk/10007,10128/about_the_clinic |archive-date=27 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Aarhus Municipality]] also offers a number of specialised services in the areas of nutrition, exercise, sex, smoking and drinking, activities for the elderly, health courses and lifestyle.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aarhus.dk/da/borger/sundhed-og-sygdom/sundhedstilbud.aspx |title=Sundhedstilbud |publisher=[[Aarhus Municipality]] |access-date=22 April 2016 |language=da |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424000120/http://www.aarhus.dk/da/borger/sundhed-og-sygdom/Sundhedstilbud.aspx |archive-date=24 April 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Media==
[[File:Stiften.jpg|thumb|The headquarters of local newspaper ''[[Århus Stiftstidende]]'' at the central station]]
[[File:Soesterhoej.jpg|thumb|The Aarhus [[Søsterhøj]] TV tower, height {{convert|261|m|abbr=on}}]]
The first daily newspaper to appear in Aarhus was ''[[Århus Stiftstidende]]'', established in 1794 as ''Aarhuus Stifts Adresse-Contoirs Tidender'', with a moderately conservative approach. Once one of Denmark's largest,{{sfn|Cremo|2010|p=230}} it was a leading provincial newspaper for a time, but after the Second World War it increasingly faced competition from ''Demokraten'' (1884–1974) and {{Lang|da|Jyllands-Posten}}, both published in Aarhus. In 1998, it merged with ''Randers Amtsavis'' and is now run by Midtjyske Medier, part of [[Berlingske Media]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Samfund,_jura_og_politik/Massemedier/Medier_og_dagblade,_Danmark/%C3%85rhus_Stiftstidende |title=Århus Stiftstidende |publisher=[[Gyldendal]] |access-date=21 July 2014}}</ref> The daily newspaper of {{lang|da|[[Jyllands-Posten]]}} was established in 1871 in Aarhus, and takes a generally right-wing editorial approach. With a reputation as a serious news publication, the paper has always included news from [[Jutland]] in particular, but somewhat less so since its promotion as a national newspaper in the 1960s. Today it is one of the three bestselling serious newspapers in Denmark, the others being ''[[Berlingske]]'' and ''[[Politiken]]''.<ref>{{cite web |author=Jette Drachmann Søllinge |url=http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Samfund,_jura_og_politik/Massemedier/Medier_og_dagblade,_Danmark/Jyllands-Posten |title=Jyllands Posten in The Great Danish |work=Jyllands-Posten |publisher=[[Gyldendal]] |access-date=21 July 2014 |language=da}}</ref> Jyllands-Posten publishes ''JP Aarhus'', a section dedicated to news in and around Aarhus, and hosted a free cityguide website from 2010 to 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://jyllands-posten.dk/aarhus/ |title=JP Aarhus |work=Jyllands-Posten |access-date=5 February 2016 |archive-date=2 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202135343/http://jyllands-posten.dk/aarhus/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://jyllands-posten.dk/aarhus/erhverv/article4473815.ece|title=Jyllands-Posten øger satsningen i Århus |trans-title=Jyllands-Posten increase the bet in Århus |work=Jyllands-Posten|date=11 March 2010 |access-date=10 October 2017}}</ref> The Copenhagen-based media company of ''Politiken'', also publishes several [[free newspaper|free local papers]] once a week in parts of Denmark and Sweden. In Aarhus, they publish a total of five local newspapers; ''Aarhus Midt'', ''Aarhus Nord'', ''Aarhus Vest'', ''Aarhus Syd'' and ''Aarhus Onsdag''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://politikenslokalaviser.dk/ |title=Politikens Lokalaviser |publisher=Politikens Lokalaviser A/S |language=da |access-date=1 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://lokalavisen.dk/section/epapers |title=E-aviser |publisher=Politikens Lokalaviser A/S |access-date=1 July 2018 |archive-date=19 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419004028/http://www.lokalavisen.dk/section/epapers |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Aarhus Onsdag'' (Aarhus Wednesday) is financed completely by advertisements and available in both paperform and online. It was bought from ''Århus Stiftstidende'' in June 2017, but has been published for many years previous.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://journalisten.dk/stiften-tillidsmand-sikkert-godt-andre-steder-men-ikke-her|title=Sikkert godt andre steder – men ikke her|trans-title=Probably good elsewhere - but not here|language=da|first=Kerstin|last=Bruun-Hansen|publisher=Journalisten|date=16 June 2017|access-date=1 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.e-pages.dk/aarhusonsdag/391|title=Aarhus Onsdag - 26-06-2018|website=www.e-pages.dk}}</ref>

[[Danmarks Radio]] has a large department in Aarhus with over 200 employees. It runs the DR Østjylland radio programme, provides local contributions to [[DR P4]], and produces local regional television programmes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dr.dk/Om_DR/Besoeg_DR/2013/09/03130303.htm|title=Rundvisning i DR Aarhus|publisher=DR|date=3 September 2013|access-date=21 July 2014|language=da}}</ref> In 1999, [[TV 2 (Denmark)|TV 2]] moved its Jutland headquarters from [[Randers]] to [[Skejby]] in northern Aarhus. The station broadcasts regional news and current affairs television and radio programmes. Since 2012, it has run its own TV channel, [[TV 2/Østjylland|TV 2 Østjylland]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tv2oj.dk/artikel/48749:Om-TV-2---OeSTJYLLAND--Oejeblikke-paa-TV2OJ|title=Få overblikket over de første 20 år med TV 2|publisher=tv2oj.dk TV 2 {{pipe}} ØSTJYLLAND|access-date=21 July 2014|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730001629/http://www.tv2oj.dk/artikel/48749:Om-TV-2---OeSTJYLLAND--Oejeblikke-paa-TV2OJ|archive-date=30 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Aarhus has its own local TV channel TVAarhus, transmitting since 1984.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tv3aarhus.dk/Om_TV3_Ost/om_tv3_ost.html|title=Om TV3 Øst|publisher=TVAarhus|language=da|access-date=3 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808054833/http://www.tv3aarhus.dk/Om_TV3_Ost/om_tv3_ost.html|archive-date=8 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.antenneforeningen-aarhus.dk/tvaarhus.aspx|title=Om TVAarhus|publisher=Antenneforeningen Aarhus|language=da|access-date=3 August 2014}}</ref> After an agreement on 1 July 2014, TVAarhus can be watched by 130,000 households in Aarhus, making it the largest cable-transmitted local TV channel in Denmark.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dinby.dk/aarhus-onsdag/dobbelt-saa-mange-kan-nu-se-tvaarhus|title=Dobbelt så mange kan nu se TVAarhus|publisher=Aarhus Onsdag, Århus Stifstidende|language=da|date=1 August 2014|access-date=3 August 2014}}</ref>

With over 1,700 students, the [[Danish School of Media and Journalism]] (''Danmarks Medie- og Journalisthøjskole'') is the country's largest and oldest school of journalism. The school works closely with Aarhus University, where the first journalism course was established in 1946. In 2004, the two institutions established the Centre for University Studies in Journalism, which offers master's courses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mundusjournalism.com/universities/uni-dsj|title=The Danish School of Media and Journalism|publisher=Erasmus Mundus Master's in Journalism, Media and Globalisation|access-date=21 July 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727121548/http://mundusjournalism.com/universities/uni-dsj|archive-date=27 July 2014}}</ref>

==International relations==
Aarhus is home to 32 consulates:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.danmarks-ambassade.com/2c.php?c=Danmark |title=Foreign consulates in Denmark |publisher=Danmarks-ambassade.com |language=da |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref>
{{Div col|colwidth=12em}}
*{{AUT}}
*{{BEL}}
*{{BFA}}
*{{CHL}}
*{{HRV}}
*{{CYP}}
*{{CZE}}
*{{EST}}
*{{FIN}}
*{{FRA}}
*{{DEU}}
*{{GRC}}
*{{HUN}}
*{{ISL}}
*{{JPN}}
*{{LTU}}
*{{MLT}}
*{{MEX}}
*{{NLD}}
*{{NOR}}
*{{OMN}}
*{{POL}}
*{{ROU}}
*{{SVK}}
*{{SVN}}
*{{KOR}}
*{{ESP}}
*{{SWE}}
*{{TUR}}
*{{UKR}}
*{{UK}}
{{div col end}}

Aarhus practices [[Sister city|twinning]] on the municipal level. For the twin towns, see [[Aarhus Municipality#Twin towns – sister cities|twin towns of Aarhus Municipality]].

==Notable people==
{{main|List of people from Aarhus}}

==Citations==
===Notes===
{{notefoot}}

===References===
{{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="DMI-climate">{{cite web |url=http://www.dmi.dk/vejr/arkiver/normaler-og-ekstremer/klimanormaler-dk/ |title=Klimanormaler — Østjylland 1961–1990 |language=da |trans-title=Climatological — East Jutland 1961-1990 |publisher=Danmarks Meteorologiske Institut [ [[Danish Meteorological Institute]] ] |access-date=15 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130804083803/http://www.dmi.dk/vejr/arkiver/normaler-og-ekstremer/klimanormaler-dk/ |archive-date=4 August 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}
;Publications
{{refbegin|50em}}
<!-- Books & Journals cited in the Notes section -->
*{{cite book|last=Biblioteker|first=Århus Kommunes|title=Århus leksikon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LICVQwAACAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Århus Kommunes Biblioteker}}
*{{cite book|last=Cremo|first=Michael A.|title=The Forbidden Archeologist: The Atlantis Rising Magazine Columns of Michael A. Cremo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X28zNKCBD28C&pg=PA230|year=2010|publisher=Torchlight Publishing|isbn=978-0-89213-337-6}}
*{{cite book|last1=Duffin|first1=C.J.|last2=Moody|first2=R.T.J.|last3=Gardner-Thorpe|first3=C.|title=A History of Geology and Medicine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hGpIAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA312|date=10 December 2013|publisher=Geological Society of London|isbn=978-1-86239-356-1}}
*{{cite book|last1=Eade|first1=John|last2=Mele|first2=Christopher|title=Understanding the City: Contemporary and Future Perspectives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yID1sbTKjgAC&pg=PT67|date=15 July 2011|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-4443-9932-5}}
*{{cite book|last=Hulme|first=Karen|title=War Torn Environment: Interpreting The Legal Threshold|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hKoXIleS8g4C&pg=PA233|date=January 2004|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers|isbn=90-04-13848-X}}
*{{cite book|last=Loumann|first=Ole|title=Turen går til Århus & Østjylland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=85YtuAAACAAJ|year=2009|publisher=Politiken|isbn=978-87-567-8977-6}}
*{{cite book|last=Madsen|first=Hans Jørgen|title=Århus of the Vikings|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XmwKAQAAIAAJ|year=1975|publisher=Forhistorisk Museum}}
*{{cite book|last=Mitcham|first=Samuel W.|title=German Order of Battle: 291st–999th Infantry divisions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W12nzCN9DK4C&pg=PT110|year=2007|publisher=Stackpole Books|isbn=978-0-8117-3437-0}}
*{{cite book|last1=Møller|first1=Erik|last2=Vindum|first2=Kjeld|title=Aarhus City Hall|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oB9UAAAAMAAJ|year=1991|publisher=Danish Architectural Press|isbn=978-87-7407-110-5}}
*{{cite book|last=Olsen|first=Søren|title=Danmarks købstæder: 144 købstæder og andre gamle byer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2AKRQwAACAAJ|year=2000|publisher=Gyldendals Bogklubber|isbn=978-87-00-66364-0|pages=124–131}}
*{{cite book|last1=Pedersen|first1=Olaf|last2=Hovesen|first2=Ejnar|title=Videnskabshistorie i Aarhus: Videnskabshistorisk Museum, Medicinhistorisk Museum|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uFZ9QwAACAAJ|year=1987|publisher=Institut for Videnskabshistorie}}
*{{cite book|last1=Porter|first1=Darwin|last2=Prince|first2=Danforth|title=Frommer's Denmark|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LTwStq9iAqUC&pg=PA367|date=5 June 2007|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-10058-5}}
*{{cite book|last1=Sevaldsen|first1=Jørgen|last2=Bjørke|first2=Bo|last3=Bjørn|first3=Claus|title=Britain and Denmark: Political, Economic and Cultural Relations in the 19th and 20th Centuries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sWKUdolTeUIC&pg=PA330|date=January 2003|publisher=Museum Tusculanum Press|isbn=978-87-7289-750-9}}
*{{cite book|last=Thomsen|first=C. Walther|title=Det gamle Aarhus som Kunstnerne saa det|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tMwPAQAAIAAJ|year=1968|publisher=Nellemann & Thomsen, Mejlgade 45}}
*{{cite book|last=Travis|first=A. S.|title=Determinants in the Evolution of the European Chemical Industry, 1900–1939: New Technologies, Political Frameworks, Markets and Companies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RqGURTkCxYsC&pg=PA336|date=31 October 1998|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-0-7923-4890-0}}
*{{cite book|last=Trenear-Harvey|first=Glenmore S.|title=Historical Dictionary of Air Intelligence|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1RrjJc-s1scC&pg=PA2|date=13 April 2009|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6294-4}}
*{{cite book|last=Zabecki|first=David T.|title=World War II in Europe: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gYDN-UfehEEC&pg=PA1350|year=1999|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-8240-7029-8}}
*{{cite book|last=Alenius|first=Marianne|title=Ikke noget theselskab: Var vi terrorister?|year=2002|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6VsvPwAACAAJ|publisher=[[Museum Tusculanum Press]]|isbn=87-7289-736-8}}
*{{cite book|last=Hauerbach|first=Sven|title=5. Kolonne; Aarhus-sabotørernes modige indsats|year=1945|url=https://www.saxo.com/dk/5-kolonne-aarhus-sabotoerernes-modige-indsats_sven-hauerbach_ukendt_SX18985203|publisher=[[5 Kolonne]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415205821/https://www.saxo.com/dk/5-kolonne-aarhus-sabotoerernes-modige-indsats_sven-hauerbach_ukendt_SX18985203|archive-date=15 April 2016}}
*{{cite book|last=Hansen|first=Salomon|title=Jydske Sabotører. Willy Samsing-Gruppen|year=1946|url=https://bibliotek.dk/da/work/810015-katalog%3A002218127|publisher=Salomon Hansen}} 
*{{cite book|last=Kristensen|first=Henrik Skov|title=Grethe Bartram – fra kommunist til gestapoagent|year=2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MS9fewAACAAJ&q=Grethe+Bartram+%E2%80%93+fra+kommunist+til+gestapoagent|publisher=Nyt Nordisk Forlag|isbn=978-87-17-04140-0}}
*{{cite book|last=Knudsen|first=Peter Øvig|title=Efter drabet|year=2009|url=https://www.saxo.com/dk/efter-drabet_peter-oevig-knudsen_hardback_9788702083279|publisher=[[Gyldendal]]|isbn=978-87-02-08327-9}}
*{{cite book|last=Gejl|first=Ib|title=Fra købmandsgård til koncern. Korn- og Foderstof Kompagniet|year=1996|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7hpEAQAACAAJ&q=Fra+k%C3%B8bmandsg%C3%A5rd+til+koncern.+Korn-+og+Foderstof+Kompagniet|publisher=[[Danish National Business Archives]]|isbn=978-87-89386-17-1}}
*{{cite book|last=Jansen|first=Christian R.|title=Korn, købmænd og kornkompagni|date=1971|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sDPTPQAACAAJ|publisher=AarhusUniversitetsforlag|isbn=978-87-504-0252-7}}
{{Refend}}

==Further reading==
{{Div col|colwidth=50em}}
*{{cite book |last=Jensen |first=Kurt Balle | year= 2006 | publisher=Pressebureauet Silkeborg | title=As time goes by – en jazzkrønike | isbn=87-991273-1-8}}
*{{cite book |last=Lykke |first=Palle | year= 1996| publisher=Aarhus Universitetsforlag | title=By og universitet | isbn=87-7288-683-8}}
*{{cite book |last=Varberg |first=Jeanette | year=2012 | publisher=Forlaget Moesgård | title=Aros og vikingernes verden | isbn=978-87-87334-91-4}}
*{{cite book |last=Weinrich |first=Mogens | year=2014 | publisher=Saxo Publish | title=Kend din by | isbn=978-87-983087-0-6}}
*{{cite book |last=Weinrich |first=Mogens | year=2014 | publisher=Saxo Publish | title=Kend din by II | isbn=978-87-983087-4-4}}
*{{cite book |last=Dalsgård |first=Jens | year=2013 | publisher=Århus Byhistorisk Fond | title=Aarhus-København – en fotografisk spejling | isbn=978-87-91324-45-1}}
*{{cite book |last1=Fode |first1=Henrik |last2=Navntoft |first2=Claus P. | year=2014 | publisher=Århus Byhistorisk Fond | title=Som kunstnerne så Aarhus | isbn=978-87-91324-47-5}}
*{{cite book |last=Byrum |first=Finn | year=2008 | publisher=Globe | title=Århus fra oven | isbn=978-87-7900-646-1}}
*{{cite book |last=Bender |first=Johan | year=2008 | publisher=Klematis | title=Hurra for Århus | isbn=978-87-641-0296-3}}
*{{cite book |last=Fode |first=Henrik | year=2005 | publisher=Århus Byhistoriske Fond | title=Århus besat | isbn=978-87-91324-11-6}}
*{{cite book |last=Carlsen |first=Søren Højlund | year=2011 | publisher=Turbine Forlaget | title=Århus i hjertet | isbn=978-87-7090-484-1}}
*{{cite book |last=Elgaard |first=Søren | year=2009 | publisher=Aarhus Universitetsforlag | title=Århus Havn | isbn=978-87-7934-457-0}}
*{{cite book |last=Hansen |first=Finn Egeland | year=2010 | publisher=Siesta | title=Verdens navle | isbn=978-87-92539-25-0}}
*{{cite book |last=Damm |first=Annette | year=2005 | publisher=Moesgård | title=Vikingernes Aros | isbn=87-87334-62-3}}
{{div col end}}

==External links==
{{Commons and category}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
*[http://www.aarhus.dk ''Aarhus Kommune''] Official municipal and city portal {{in lang|da}}
*[http://www.visitaarhus.com ''Visit Aarhus''] Official tourist site
<!--*[http://webwalk.dk/locations/dk/aarhus/index.html Virtual Aarhus (newer)]-->
<!--*[http://www.virtualdenmark.dk/vraarhus/index_en.html Virtual Aarhus (older)]-->
*{{Wikisource-inline|list=
**{{cite EB9 |wstitle = Aarhuus |volume= I | page=3 |short=1}}
**{{Cite Nuttall|title=Aarhus |short=x |noicon=x}}
**{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Aarhus  |volume= I | page=3-4 ||short=x |noicon=x}}
**{{Cite CE1913|wstitle=Aarhus |short=x |noicon=x}}
**{{Cite Collier's|wstitle=Aarhuus (city) |short=x |noicon=x}}
}}

{{Aarhus}}
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}}

{{Geographic location
|Northwest = [[Favrskov Municipality]]
|North = [[Syddjurs Municipality]]
|Northeast = [[Mols]]
|West = [[Silkeborg]]
|Center = Aarhus
|South = [[Odder Municipality]]
|Southwest = [[Skanderborg]]
|Southeast = [[Samsø]]
|East = [[Helgenæs]]
}}

{{Coord|56.1572|10.2107|type:city|display=title}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Aarhus| ]]<!--please leave the empty space as standard-->
[[Category:Cities and towns in the Central Denmark Region]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Aarhus Municipality]]
[[Category:Municipal seats of the Central Denmark Region]]
[[Category:Municipal seats of Denmark]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns in Denmark]]
[[Category:Viking Age populated places]]