Editing AD 737

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{redirect|737 (year)|the year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar|737 BC}}
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[[File:Beaux-Arts de Carcassonne - Le dernier des Mérovingiens - Evariste-Vital Luminais -Joconde 04400000403.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|King [[Childeric III]] is [[exile]]d by [[Charles Martel]]]]
Year '''737''' ('''[[Roman numerals|DCCXXXVII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Tuesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]]. The denomination 737 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming.

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Europe ====
* [[Battle of Avignon]]: [[Franks|Frankish]] forces under [[Charles Martel]], Merovingian [[Mayor of the Palace]], retake [[Avignon]] from the Muslim forces, and destroy the [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] stronghold. Charles sends his brother [[Childebrand I]], duke of [[Kingdom of Burgundy|Burgundy]], to besiege the city. After his arrival, Charles leads the Frankish troops by using [[rope ladder]]s and [[battering ram]]s to attack the [[Defensive wall|fortified wall]]s, which are burned to the ground following its capture.<ref>Halsall, Guy (2003). ''Warfare and Society in the Barbarian West 450-900''. London: Routledge, p. 226. {{ISBN|0-415-23939-7}}.</ref><ref>Mastnak, Tomaz (2002). ''Crusading Peace: Christendom, the Muslim World, and Western Political Order''. University of California Press, p. 101. {{ISBN|0-520-22635-6}}.</ref>
* [[Battle of Narbonne (737)|Battle of Narbonne]]: Frankish forces under Charles Martel besiege [[Narbonne]], occupied by a Umayyad [[garrison]], but are unable to retake the fortress city. A [[Lombards|Lombard]] army under King [[Liutprand, King of the Lombards|Liutprand]] crosses the [[Alps]], to aid Charles in expelling the Muslims from [[Septimania]]. Meanwhile [[Maurontus]], duke or count of [[Provence]], raises a revolt from his unconquered city of [[Marseille]], and threatens the rear of the Franks.<ref>{{cite book |title= The Development of Southern French and Catalan Society, 718&ndash;1050|last=Lewis |first=Archibald R.|author-link= Archibald R. Lewis |year= 1965 |publisher= University of Texas Press |location= Austin |page=23 |access-date=June 15, 2012|url=http://libro.uca.edu/lewis/sfc2.htm}}</ref> 
* [[Battle of the River Berre]]: Frankish forces sent by Charles Martel intercept a large Muslim army sent from [[Al-Andalus]], (modern Spain) sent by [[Uqba ibn al-Hajjaj]] to relieve the [[siege]] of Narbonne. Both sides suffer heavy losses at the battlefield near the mouth of the [[Étang de Berre|River Berre]] (a short distance south of Narbonne). Some of the Muslims rush back to their ships, and some penetrate through the Frankish forces and make it to the city, effectively saving it from the Franks.<ref name="Fouracre2000p97">{{cite book |title=The Age of Charles Martel |last=Fouracre |first=Paul |year=2000 |publisher=Longman |location=Harlow |isbn=0-582-06476-7 |page=97}}</ref>
* Following the death of [[Theuderic IV]], king of the Franks, the throne is left vacant for seven years. Charles Martel has his son [[Childeric III]] exiled to a [[monastery]], and becomes sole ruler of the [[Francia|Frankish Kingdom]].
* King [[Pelagius of Asturias]] dies, and is succeeded by his son [[Favila of Asturias|Favila]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Collins | first = Roger | author-link = Roger Collins | title = The Arab Conquest of Spain, 710-797 | publisher = Blackwell Publishing | location = Oxford | year = 1989 | isbn = 0-631-15923-1|page=150 }}</ref> He founds the [[Santa Cruz de Cangas de Onís|Church of Santa Cruz]], in his capital [[Cangas de Onís]] (northwestern Spain). 
* [[Orso Ipato]] is murdered at the instigation of [[Eutychius (exarch)|Eutychius]], exarch of [[Exarchate of Ravenna|Ravenna]]. He is succeeded by [[Domenico Leoni]], who is elected magister militum of Venice.
* King [[Ongendus]] of the Danes reinforces the [[Danevirke]] fortifications in [[Schleswig-Holstein]]. He orders a [[palisade]] rampart built on the frontier of [[Lower Saxony|Saxony]].

==== Britain ====
* King [[Ceolwulf of Northumbria]] abdicates in favour of his cousin, [[Eadberht of Northumbria|Eadberht]], and becomes a [[monk]] at [[Lindisfarne Priory]].

==== Africa ====
* [[Egypt]]: Christians invade from the south, with the aim of protecting the [[patriarch of Alexandria]] (approximate date).

==== Asia ====
* [[Second Arab–Khazar War]]: The [[Khazars]] led by [[Hazer Tarkhan]] are defeated by a Muslim force, sent by [[Marwan ibn Muhammad ibn Marwan]] near the [[Volga River]], which destroyed what remained of the Khazar forces. The [[Umayyad Caliphate]] now has full control of the [[Caucasus]] after completely destroying the [[Khazar Empire]]. After its destruction the Arab-Khazar wars are stopped, Muslim sources indicate the Khazar Khan paid tribute to Marwan and converted to Islam.
* [[September 30]] &ndash; [[Battle of the Baggage]]: The [[Turgesh]] drive back an Umayyad invasion of [[Khuttal]], pursue them south of the [[Amu Darya|River Oxus]] (northern [[Afghanistan]]), and capture their [[baggage train]]. In the winter, the Turgesh and their [[Transoxiana]]n allies launch a major counter-invasion but are halted and their army is destroyed. Khuttal is then conquered by the Arabs.  
* Emperor [[Emperor Xuanzong of Tang|Xuan Zong]] discards the policy of [[Conscription|conscripting]] men into the Chinese army to be replaced every three years, replacing them with long-service soldiers who are more battle-hardened and efficient (approximate date).

=== By topic ===

==== Catastrophe ====
*A major [[735–737 Japanese smallpox epidemic|Japanese smallpox epidemic]] that started in 735 finally runs its course, but only after causing an estimated 25% to 35% mortality among the adult population in the country.<ref name=farris65to66>{{Cite book| last = Farris| first = William Wayne | title = Population, Disease, and Land in Early Japan, 645-900 | publisher = Harvard University Asia Center | year = 1985 | pages = 65–66 | isbn = 9780674690059}}</ref>
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[Fujiwara no Tanetsugu]], Japanese [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[785]])
* [[Hisham ibn al-Kalbi]], Muslim historian (d. [[819]])
* [[Huaisu]], Chinese [[Bhikkhu|Buddhist monk]] (d. [[799]])
* [[Emperor Kanmu|Kanmu]], emperor of Japan (d. [[806]])

== Deaths ==
* [[Ermin of Lobbes]], Frankish [[abbot]]
* [[Forthhere]], Anglo-Saxon [[Bishop of Sherborne|bishop]] (approximate date)
* [[Fujiwara no Fusasaki]], Japanese [[Sangi (Japan)|counselor]] (b. [[681]])
* [[Fujiwara no Maro]], Japanese politician (b. [[695]])
* [[Fujiwara no Muchimaro]], Japanese minister (b. [[680]])
* [[Fujiwara no Umakai]], Japanese statesman (b. [[694]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grapard |first1=Allan G. |title=Mountain Mandalas: Shugendo in Kyushu |date=2016 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4742-4901-0 |page=28 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8DI0CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA28 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Mu of Balhae|Mu]], king of [[Balhae]] ([[Korea]])
* [[Mu'awiya ibn Hisham]], Muslim general
* [[Orso Ipato]], doge of [[Republic of Venice|Venice]]
* [[Pelagius of Asturias|Pelagius]], king of [[Kingdom of Asturias|Asturias]] ([[Spain]]) (b. [[685]])
* [[Song Jing]], [[Chancellor of the Tang dynasty]] (b. [[663]])
* [[Theuderic IV]], king of the [[Franks]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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[[Category:737| ]]