Editing AD 60

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[[File:Europa60AD.jpeg|thumb|The Roman Empire in 60]]
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'''AD 60''' ('''[[Roman numerals|LX]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Tuesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]]. At the time, it was known as the '''Year of the [[Consulship]] of [[Nero]] and [[Cossus Cornelius Lentulus (consul 60)|Lentulus]]''' (or, less frequently, '''year 813 ''[[Ab urbe condita]]'''''). The denomination AD 60 for this year has been used since the early [[medieval period]], when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

The year 60 is the first identifiable year for which a date is cited complete with [[day of the week]], i.e. 6 February 60, identified as a "Sunday" (as ''viii idus Februarius dies solis'' "eighth day before the ides of February, day of the Sun") in a Pompeiian graffito. According to the currently-used Julian calendar, 6 February 60 was a Wednesday (''dies Mercurii'', "day of [[Planets in astrology#Mercury|Mercury]]").  This is explained by the existence of two conventions of naming days of the weeks based on the [[planetary hours]] system, 6 February was a "Sunday" based on the sunset naming convention, and a "Wednesday" based on the sunrise naming convention.<ref>''Nerone Caesare Augusto Cosso Lentuol Cossil fil. Cos. VIII idus Febr(u)arius dies solis, luna XIIIIX nun(dinae) Cumis, V (idus Februarias) nun(dinae) Pompeis''. Robert Hannah, "Time in Written Spaces", in: Peter Keegan, Gareth Sears, Ray Laurence (eds.), ''Written Space in the Latin West, 200 BC to AD 300'', A&C Black, 2013, 
[https://books.google.com/books?id=PeVLAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA89 p. 89].</ref>

== Events ==

=== By place ===

==== Roman Empire ====
* The [[Roxolani]] are defeated on the [[Danube]] by the [[Roman Empire|Romans]].
* [[Nero's exploration of the Nile]]: Emperor [[Nero]] sends an expedition which reaches the historical city [[Meroë]] ([[Sudan]]). (approximate date)
* [[Vitellius]] is (possibly) [[proconsul]] of the province of [[Africa (Roman province)|Africa]].
* [[Agrippa II]] of the [[Herodians]] rules the northeast of [[Judea]].
* The city of [[Laodicea on the Lycus]] is destroyed by an earthquake
* The following events in [[Roman Britain]] ([[Britannia]]) take place in AD 60 or [[AD 61|61]]:
** [[Gaius Suetonius Paulinus]], Roman governor of Britain, captures the island of [[Mona, Anglesey|Mona]] ([[Anglesey]]), the last stronghold of the [[Druid]]s.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=16–20|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref><ref>[[Tacitus]], ''[[Annals (Tacitus)|Annals]]'' 14.30.</ref>
** [[Prasutagus]], king of the [[Iceni]] (modern [[East Anglia]]), dies leaving a [[Will (law)|will]] which passes his kingdom to his two daughters and the [[Roman Empire]]. The Roman army, however, annexes the kingdom as if conquered, depriving the nobles of their hereditary lands and plundering the land. The king's widow, [[Boudica]], is [[Flagellation|flogged]] and forced to watch their daughters publicly raped.<ref>Tacitus, ''Annals''  [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Tac.+Ann.+14.31 14.31].</ref> Roman financiers, including [[Seneca the Younger]], call in their loans.<ref>[[Cassius Dio]], ''Roman History'' [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/62*.html#2 62.2].</ref>
** Boudica leads a rebellion of the Iceni against Roman rule<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/47 47]}}</ref> in alliance with the [[Trinovantes]], [[Cornovii (Midlands)|Cornovii]], [[Durotriges]] and [[Celtic Britons]]. The Iceni and Trinovantes first destroy the Roman capital [[Camulodunum]] ([[Colchester]]), wipe out the infantry of the [[Legio IX Hispana]] (commanded by [[Quintus Petillius Cerialis]]) and go on to burn [[Londinium]] (London) (probably destroying [[London Bridge]]) and [[Verulamium]] ([[St Albans]]), in all cases massacring the inhabitants by the thousands.
** [[Battle of Watling Street]]: Paulinus defeats the rebels, using a [[flying wedge]] formation, imposes wide-ranging punishments on native Britons,<ref name=CBH/> and the [[Roman Britain|Romanization of Britain]] continues. Boudica either poisons herself,<ref>Tacitus, ''Annals''.</ref> or falls sick and dies.<ref>Cassius Dio, ''Roman History''.</ref>

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* The [[First Epistle of Peter]], if by Peter, is probably written between this year and c. [[AD 64]].
* [[Paul of Tarsus]] journeys to [[Ancient Rome|Rome]], but is shipwrecked on [[Malta]]. He stays for three months and converts [[Saint Publius|Publius]], the first bishop of Malta.
* Paul's [[Epistle to the Philippians]] is written from Rome. (approximate date)

==== Art and science ====
* [[Hero of Alexandria]] writes ''Metrica'', ''Mechanics'', and ''Pneumatics''.
* AD 60–[[AD 79|79]] &ndash; [[House of the Vettii]], [[Pompeii]], is rebuilt.

== Births ==
* [[Buddhamitra]], Indian [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] nun (approximate date)
* [[Marcus Vitorius Marcellus]], Roman politician (approximate date)
* [[Nicomachus]], Greek [[mathematician]] (approximate date)

== Deaths ==
* [[Abdagases I]], king of the [[Parthian Empire]] (approximate date)
* [[Boudica]], British queen of the [[Iceni]] tribe (approximate date)
* [[Peter of Rates]], first bishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Braga|Braga]] (approximate date)

== References ==
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