Editing AD 40

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'''AD 40''' ('''[[Roman numerals|XL]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Friday]] of the [[Julian calendar]]. At the time, it was known as the '''Year of the [[Consulship]] of [[Caligula|Augustus]] without colleague''' (or, less frequently, '''year 793 ''[[Ab urbe condita]]'''''). The denomination AD 40 for this year has been used since the [[Early Middle Ages]], when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

== Events ==

=== By place ===

==== Roman Empire ====
* Emperor [[Caligula]] is [[consul]] without colleague.
* Caligula starts on a campaign to conquer [[Great Britain|Britain]], which fails miserably. He declares himself victorious regardless.
* [[Noricum]] and [[Mauretania]] are incorporated into the [[Roman Empire]].
* Caligula reforms the principatus into a [[Hellenistic civilization|Hellenistic]] [[Autocracy]]. He distributes honors carelessly, declares himself a god and orders that all the heads of the Greek deity statues be replaced by his. He also appoints his horse, [[Incitatus]],  a senator.
* Construction begins on the [[Pont du Gard]] [[Roman aqueduct|aqueduct]] in [[Gallia Narbonensis]] (approximate date).<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Fabre|first1=Guilhem|last2=Fiches|first2=Jean-Luc|last3=Paillet|first3=Jean-Louis|year=1991|title=Interdisciplinary Research on the Aqueduct of Nimes and the Pont du Gard|journal=Journal of Roman Archaeology|volume=4|pages=63–88|doi=10.1017/S104775940001549X}}</ref>

==== Europe ====
* The Germanic [[Quadi]] tribe begin settling in present-day [[Moravia]] and [[Slovakia]].

==== Parthia ====
* [[Vardanes I]] becomes king of [[Parthia]], opposed by his brother [[Gotarzes II of Parthia|Gotarzes II]].

==== Vietnam ====
* The [[Vietnam]]ese [[Trưng Sisters]] rebel against the rule of the Chinese Emperor [[Emperor Guangwu of Han|Guang Wu of Han]].

=== By topic ===

==== Arts and sciences ====
* [[Philo]] teaches that all men are born free.

==== Religion ====
* Christianity comes to [[Egypt]] as a church is founded in [[Alexandria]]. [[Mark the Evangelist]] founds the [[Church of Alexandria]] as the first Patriarch (traditional date).
* An early Christian church is erected at [[Ancient Corinth|Corinth]] (most probable date).
* The traditional date of [[Saint James the Great]] meeting [[Our Lady of the Pillar]] in [[Santiago de Compostela|Spain]]

== Births ==
* [[June 13]] &ndash; [[Gnaeus Julius Agricola]], Roman governor (d. [[AD 93]])
* [[Claudia Octavia]], daughter of [[Claudius]] and [[Messalina]] (d. [[AD 62]])
* [[Dio Chrysostom]], Greek philosopher and historian (d. c. [[AD 115|115]])
* [[Empress Ma (Han dynasty)|Ma]], Chinese empress of the [[Han dynasty]] (d. [[AD 79]])
* [[Pedanius Dioscorides]], Greek physician and pharmacologist (d. [[AD 90]])
* [[Frontinus|Sextus Julius Frontinus]], Roman general and military author (d. [[AD 103|103]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kvint |first1=Vladimir |title=Strategy for the Global Market: Theory and Practical Applications |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781317485575 |page=8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R_CoCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA8|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Titus Petronius Secundus]], Roman [[Praetorian prefect|prefect]] (d. [[AD 97]])

== Deaths ==
* [[Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 32)|Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus]], husband of [[Agrippina the Younger]] (b. [[17 BC]])
* [[Faustus Cornelius Sulla (consul 31)|Faustus Cornelius Sulla]], Roman politician and suffect consul
* [[Ptolemy of Mauretania]], Roman client king  (executed by [[Caligula]])
* [[Tiberius Julius Abdes Pantera]], Roman soldier (hypothesized by numerous scholars to have been the father of [[Jesus]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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[[Category:40|0040]]