Editing 995

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|995}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2018}}
{{Year nav|995}}
{{M1 year in topic}}
[[File:Kenneth II of Scotland (Holyrood).jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|King [[Kenneth II]] of [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] (r. 971–995)]]
Year '''995''' ('''[[Roman numerals|CMXCV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Tuesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==

=== By place ===

==== Japan ====
* [[17 May]] - [[Fujiwara no Michitaka]] (imperial regent) dies.
* [[3 June]]: [[Fujiwara no Michikane]] gains power and becomes Regent.
* [[10 June]]: [[Fujiwara no Michikane]] dies.
* [[30 August]] - Retainers of [[Fujiwara no Takaie|Takaie]] clash with retainers of [[Fujiwara no Michinaga|Michinaga]], on the main street of [[Kyoto]].
* [[4 September]] - [[Fujiwara no Michinaga|Michinaga]]’s escort, Hata no Hisatada, is killed by [[Fujiwara no Takaie|Takaie]]’s followers.
* [[15 October]] - [[Fujiwara no Michinaga|Michinaga]] becomes Chief of the Fujiwara Clan.

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* [[Arab–Byzantine wars#Byzantine resurgence, 863–11th century|Arab–Byzantine War]]: Emperor [[Basil II]] launches a counter-campaign against the [[Fatimid Caliphate]]. He leads a Byzantine expeditionary army (13,000 men) to aid the [[Hamdanid dynasty|Hamdanid]] emir [[Sa'id al-Dawla]], and crosses [[Asia Minor]] in only sixteen days. Basil lifts the [[siege]] of [[Aleppo]], and takes over the [[Orontes River|Orontes]] Valley. He incorporates [[Syria]] into the [[Byzantine Empire]] (including the larger city of [[Antioch]]) which is the seat of its [[Patriarch of Antioch|eponymous Patriarch]].<ref>[[Read, Piers Paul]] (1999). ''The Templars''. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, Orion Publishing Group. {{ISBN|0-297-84267-6}}.</ref>

==== Europe ====
* King [[Eric the Victorious|Eric VI]] ('''the Victorious''') dies at [[Gamla Uppsala|Uppsala]], after a 25-year reign. He is succeeded by his son [[Olof Skötkonung]], as the first [[Baptism|baptized]] Christian ruler of [[Sweden]].
* [[September 28]] &ndash; [[Boleslaus II, Duke of Bohemia|Boleslaus II]] ('''the Pious'''), duke of [[Duchy of Bohemia|Bohemia]], storms [[Libice nad Cidlinou|Libice]] Castle and massacres the members of the [[Slavník dynasty|Slavník Dynasty]].<ref name=boleII>{{cite web|title=Boleslaus II the Pious|url=http://www.kralovskacesta.cz/en/texts/rulers/boleslaus-ii-the-pious.html|publisher=www.kralovskacesta.cz|access-date=15 September 2012|archive-date=February 22, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222204441/http://www.kralovskacesta.cz/en/texts/rulers/boleslaus-ii-the-pious.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Olaf Tryggvason]] is crowned king of [[Norway]] (until [[AD 1000|1000]]) and builds the country's first [[Christianity|Christian]] church.
* [[Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill|Malachy]] captures [[Dublin]] for the third time.

==== Scotland ====
* King [[Kenneth II of Scotland|Kenneth II]] is murdered at a [[banquet]] by [[Lady Finella]] in [[Fettercairn]]. He is succeeded by his nephew [[Constantine III of Scotland|Constantine III]] (a son of the late King [[Cuilén]]) as ruler of [[Alba]] ([[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]]).

==== England ====
* [[Uhtred the Bold|Uhtred]] ('''the Bold'''), a son of Ealdorman [[Waltheof of Bamburgh|Waltheof I]] of [[Kingdom of Northumbria|Northumbria]], establishes an [[episcopal see]] at [[Durham, England|Durham]] and moves the [[Monasticism|monastic]] community of [[Chester-le-Street]] there.

==== Asia ====
* [[Goryeo-Khitan War]]: Negotiations led by the Korean diplomat [[Sŏ Hŭi]] prevents a fullscale invasion of the [[Khitan people|Khitan]]-led [[Liao dynasty|Liao Dynasty]]. King [[Seongjong of Goryeo|Seongjong]] accepts Liao's demands – and agrees to end the [[alliance]] with the Chinese [[Song dynasty|Song Dynasty]]. [[Goryeo]] becomes a Liao tributary state, the Khitan army (60,000 men) withdraws while Seongjong orders the Korean border defenses strengthened.<ref>Twitchett, Denis; Tietze, Klaus-Peter (1994). ''The Cambridge History of China, Volume 6'', pp. 43–153. {{ISBN|0-521-24331-9}}.</ref>

==== Armenia ====
*[[995 Balu earthquake]]. It reportedly affected the Armenian areas of Balu, Cop'k (or Covk'), Palnatun (or Palin), and the districts of Hasteank and Xorjean. The areas affected were districts in what is currently the border area between [[Armenia]] and [[Turkey]].<ref name="Guidoboni">Guidoboni, Traina, 1995, p. 126-127</ref>

== Births ==
* [[Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi]], Persian historian and writer (d. [[1077]])
* [[Cnut the Great|Cnut]] ('''the Great'''), king of [[Denmark]], [[Norway]] and [[Kingdom of England|England]] (d. [[1035]])
* [[Dominic Loricatus]], Italian priest and [[hermit]] (d. [[1060]])
* [[Frederick II, Duke of Upper Lorraine|Frederick II]], duke of [[Duchy of Lorraine|Upper Lorraine]] (approximate date)
* [[Herman II (archbishop of Cologne)|Herman II]], archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cologne|Cologne]] (approximate date)
* [[Hemma of Gurk]], German [[Nobility|noblewoman]] (d. [[1045]])
* [[Olaf II of Norway|Olaf II Haraldsson]] ('''St. Olaf'''), king of Norway (d. 1030)
* [[Reginar V, Count of Mons|Reginar V]], French nobleman (approximate date)
* [[Shaykh Tusi]], Persian [[Shia Islam|Shia]] scholar (d. [[1067]])
* [[William I Talvas|William I]], Norman nobleman (approximate date)

== Deaths ==
* [[March 30]] &ndash; [[Sahib ibn Abbad]], Persian statesman 
* [[May 10]] &ndash; [[Baldwin I (bishop)|Baldwin I]] (or '''Boudewijn'''), bishop of [[Episcopal principality of Utrecht|Utrecht]]
* [[May 16]] &ndash; [[Fujiwara no Michitaka]], Japanese nobleman (b. [[953]])
* [[June 13]] &ndash; [[Fujiwara no Michikane]], Japanese nobleman (b. [[961]])
* [[Abu 'Abdallah Muhammad]], Afrighid ruler of [[Khwarezm]]
* [[Al-Mansur ibn Buluggin]], Zirid ruler of [[Ifriqiya]]h
* [[Bernard I, Count of Armagnac|Bernard I]] ('''the Suspicious'''), Frankish nobleman
* [[Egill Skallagrímsson]], Viking poet (approximate date)
* [[Eric the Victorious|Eric VI]] ('''the Victorious'''), Viking king of [[Sweden]]
* [[García Fernández of Castile|García Fernández]], count of [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] and [[Álava]]
* [[Gebhard of Constance|Gebhard II]], bishop of [[Bishopric of Constance|Constance]] (b. [[949]])
* [[Gerberga of Lorraine]], Frankish noblewoman
* [[Haakon Sigurdsson]], Viking ruler (''[[Earl|jarl]]'') of Norway
* [[Henry II, Duke of Bavaria|Henry II]] ('''the Wrangler'''), duke of [[Duchy of Bavaria|Bavaria]] (b. [[951]])
* [[Herbert III, Count of Meaux|Herbert III]] ('''the Younger'''), Frankish nobleman
* [[Kenneth II of Scotland|Kenneth II]] ('''the Fratricide'''), king of [[Alba]] ([[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]])
* [[Lady Finella]], Scottish noblewoman and assassin
* [[Michitsuna no Haha]], Japanese female [[Japanese poetry|poet]]
* [[Mstivoj]], Obodrite prince (approximate date)
* [[Empress Song (Song dynasty)|Song]], empress of the [[Song dynasty|Song Dynasty]] (b. [[952]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{citation | last1=Guidoboni | first1= Emanuela | last2=Traina | first2= Giusto| title=A new catalogue of earthquakes in the historical Armenian area from antiquity to the 12th century | year=1995 | journal=Annals of Geophysics | volume= 38 | doi= 10.4401/ag-4134 | url =https://www.annalsofgeophysics.eu/index.php/annals/article/view/4134| doi-access=free }}

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