Editing 994

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|994}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2018}}
{{Year nav|994}}
{{M1 year in topic}}
[[File:Kreuzau St. Heribert5736 (detail1).jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|King [[Otto III]] (left) and [[Heribert of Cologne]]]]

Year '''994''' ('''[[Roman numerals|CMXCIV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Monday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* [[September 15]] &ndash; [[Battle of the Orontes]]: [[Fatimid Caliphate|Fatimid]] forces, under Turkish general [[Manjutakin]] (also the governor of [[Damascus]]), besiege [[Apamea, Syria|Apamea]] (modern [[Syria]]). Emperor [[Basil II]] sends a [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] expeditionary army, led by Dux [[Michael Bourtzes]], to relieve the city in [[alliance]] with the [[Hamdanid dynasty|Hamdanid Dynasty]].  Manjutakin defeats the Hamdanids with his forces and attacks the Byzantine force in the rear. The Byzantine army panics and flees, losing some 5,000 men in the process.

==== Europe ====
* [[June 23]] &ndash; [[Viking Age]]: Danish [[Vikings|Viking]] raiders, (probably) under King [[Sweyn Forkbeard]], plunder the city of [[Stade]] ([[Lower Saxony]]). Count [[Lothair Udo I, Count of Stade|Lothair Udo I]] is captured and killed, during the battle with the pirates.<ref>Reuter, Timothy (1992). ''Germany in the Early Middle Ages, 800-1036'', London and New York.</ref>
* [[September]] &ndash; King [[Otto III]], now 14 years old, receives the ''[[regalia]]'' to rule the [[Kingdom of Germany]] at an assembly of the [[Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)|Imperial Diet]] in [[Solingen]]. Otto appoints [[Heribert of Cologne]] as [[chancellor]] of [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]].<ref>Reuter, Timothy (1999). ''The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III'', p. 257. {{ISBN|978-0-521-36447-8}}.</ref>

==== England ====
* A [[Denmark|Danish]] Viking fleet, under [[Olaf Tryggvason]], sails up the [[Thames Estuary]], and besieges [[London]]. King [[Æthelred the Unready|Æthelred II]] ('''the Unready''') pays Olaf 16,000 lbs of silver ([[Danegeld]]).<ref>John Haywood (1995). ''The Historical Atlas of the Vikings'': Raids on Æthelred's Kingdom, p. 119. {{ISBN|978-0-140-51328-8}}.</ref> 
* Olaf Tryggvason, already a [[Baptism|baptised]] Christian, is [[Confirmation|confirmed]] as Christian in a ceremony at [[Andover, Hampshire|Andover]]. After receiving gifts from Æthelred II, Olaf leaves for [[Norway]].

=== By topic ===

==== Astronomy ====
* An increase in [[carbon-14]] concentration, recorded in [[Dendrochronology#Growth rings|tree rings]], suggests that a [[993–994 carbon-14 spike|strong solar storm]] may have hit the [[Earth]] in either 993 or 994.
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[November 7]] &ndash; [[Ibn Hazm]], Andalusian [[historian]] and poet (d. [[1064]])
* [[Al-Bayhaqi|Ahmad al-Bayhaqi]], Persian [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[hadith]] scholar (d. [[1066]])
* [[Alfonso V of León|Alfonso V]] ('''the Noble'''), king of [[Kingdom of León|León]] ([[Spain]]) (d. [[1028]])
* [[Lothair Udo I, Margrave of the Nordmark|Lothair Udo I]], margrave of the [[Northern March|Nordmark]] (d. [[1057]])
* [[Sancho III of Pamplona|Sancho III]] ('''the Great'''), king of [[Kingdom of Navarre|Pamplona]] (approximate date)
* [[Simeon (abbot)|Simeon]], Norman [[abbot]] of [[Ely Cathedral|Ely Abbey]] (approximate date)
* [[Wallada bint al-Mustakfi]], Andalusian female [[poet]] (d. [[1091]])

== Deaths ==
* [[February 3]] &ndash; [[William IV, Duke of Aquitaine|William IV]], duke of [[Duchy of Aquitaine|Aquitaine]] (b. [[937]])
* [[April 4]] &ndash; [[Egbert the One-Eyed|Egbert]] ('''the One-Eyed'''), German [[Nobility|nobleman]]
* [[April 23]] &ndash; [[Gerard of Toul]], German priest and [[bishop]]
* [[May 11]] &ndash; [[Majolus of Cluny]], Frankish priest and [[abbot]]
* [[June 23]] &ndash; [[Lothair Udo I, Count of Stade|Lothair Udo I]], German nobleman (b. [[950]])
* [[June 24]] &ndash; [[Abu Isa al-Warraq]], Arab scholar (b. [[889]])
* [[July 8]] &ndash; [[Richardis of Sualafeldgau|Richardis]], margravine consort of [[Margraviate of Austria|Austria]]
* [[July 10]] &ndash; [[Leopold I, Margrave of Austria|Leopold I]], margrave of Austria (b. [[940]])
* [[October 28]] &ndash; [[Sigeric the Serious|Sigeric]], archbishop of [[Diocese of Canterbury|Canterbury]] 
* [[October 31]] &ndash; [[Wolfgang of Regensburg|Wolfgang]], bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Regensburg|Regensburg]]
* [[Bagrat II of Iberia|Bagrat II]], king of [[Principality of Iberia|Iberia]]-[[Kartli]] ([[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]) (b. 937)
* [[Fujiwara no Takamitsu]], Japanese ''[[Waka (poetry)|waka]]'' poet
* [[Ibn Juljul]], Andalusian [[Medicine in the medieval Islamic world|physician]] (approximate date)
* [[Sancho II of Pamplona|Sancho Garcés II]], king of [[Kingdom of Navarra|Navarre]] (Spain)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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