Editing 954

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|954}}
{{Year nav|954}}
{{M1 year in topic}}
[[File:Bulcsu chieftain.PNG|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Bulcsú (chieftain)|Chieftain Bulcsú]] as depicted in [[1654]].]]
Year '''954''' ('''[[Roman numerals|CMLIV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Sunday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===
==== Europe ====
* Spring &ndash; A [[Principality of Hungary|Hungarian]] army led by [[Bulcsú (chieftain)|Bulcsú]] crosses the [[Rhine]]. He camps at [[Worms, Germany|Worms]] in the capital of his ally [[Conrad the Red]], duke of [[Duchy of Lorraine|Lorraine]]. Bulcsú heads west, attacking the domains of King [[Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto I]], by crossing the rivers [[Moselle]] and [[Meuse|Maas]].<ref>Bóna, István (2000). ''The Hungarians and Europe in the 9th-10th centuries.'' Budapest: Historia - MTA Történettudományi Intézete, pp. 51-52. {{ISBN|963-8312-67-X}}.</ref>
* [[April 6]]–[[April 10|10]] &ndash; The Hungarians besiege [[Cambrai]] and burn its suburbs, but they are unable to conquer the city. One of Bulcsú's relatives is killed by the defenders, who refuse to pass his body over to the Hungarians. As a revenge, they kill all their captives.
* The Hungarians plunder the regions of [[Hesbaye]] and [[Silva Carbonaria|Carbonaria]] (modern [[Belgium]]). They plunder and burn the monastery of [[Saint Lambert's Cathedral, Liège|Saint Lambert]] from [[Hainaut (province)|Hainaut]], the monastery of [[Moorsel]], sack the cities of [[Gembloux]] and [[Tournai]].
* Summer &ndash; The Hungarians plunder the surroundings of [[Laon]], [[Reims]], [[Château-Chalon|Chalon]], [[Metz]], and [[Gorze]]. After that, they return to [[Kingdom of Burgundy-Arles|Burgundy]]. In [[Provence]], the Hungarians battle with the [[Moors]] from the Muslim enclave of [[Fraxinet]].<ref>Ballan, Mohammad (2010). Fraxinetum: An Islamic Frontier State in Tenth-Century Provence. Comitatus: A journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies, Volume 41, 2010, p. 31.</ref>
* [[September 10]] &ndash; King [[Louis IV of France|Louis IV]] ('''d'Outremer''') dies after a [[hunting]] accident (near his palace in [[Corbeny]]). He is succeeded by his 13-year-old son [[Lothair of France|Lothair III]] under the guardianship of [[Hugh the Great]], count of [[Paris]].
* [[November 12]] &ndash; Lothair III is crowned by [[Artald of Reims|Artald]], archbishop of Reims, at the [[Abbey of Saint-Remi]] as king of the [[West Francia|West Frankish Kingdom]]. His mother, Queen [[Gerberga of Saxony]], appoints Hugh the Great as [[regent]].<ref>''The Annals of Flodoard of Reims, 916–966'', eds & trans. Steven Fanning: Bernard S. Bachrach (New York; Ontario, Can: University of Toronto Press, 2011), p. 60.</ref>
* Winter &ndash; At the [[imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)|Reichstag]] in [[Auerstedt]] assembled by Otto I, his son [[Liudolf, Duke of Swabia|Liudolf]] (duke of [[Duchy of Swabia|Swabia]]) and Conrad the Red submit to Otto's rule. They are stripped of their duchies, but several rebel nobles continue to resist.<ref>Timothy Reuter (1999). ''The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III'', p. 247. {{ISBN|978-0-521-36447-8}}.</ref>

==== British Isles ====
* King [[Eric Bloodaxe|Eric I]] ('''Bloodaxe''') is killed at [[Stainmore]] allowing King [[Eadred]] to recover [[Scandinavian York|York]],<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=978-0-304-35730-7|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/95 95–104]}}</ref> reuniting [[Kingdom of Northumbria|Northumbria]] with that of All [[Kingdom of England|England]]. High-Reeve [[Osulf I of Bamburgh]] is appointed [[ealdorman]] ("earl") of Northumbria.
* King [[Malcolm I of Scotland|Malcolm I]] is killed in battle against the Northmen after an 11-year reign. He is succeeded by [[Indulf]], the son of the late King [[Constantine II of Scotland|Constantine II]], as ruler of [[Kingdom of Alba|Alba]] ([[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]]).

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* Duke [[Alberic II of Spoleto|Alberic II]], [[princeps]] and ruler of [[Rome]], dies after a 22-year reign. On his deathbed he nominates his son [[Pope John XII|Octavianus]] as his successor.
* [[Principality of Seborga|Seborga]] (modern-day [[Liguria]]) comes under the jurisdiction of the [[Order of Saint Benedict|Benedictine]] monks of Santo Onorato of [[Lérins Abbey|Lérins]].
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[Fujiwara no Yoshitaka]], Japanese [[Waka (poetry)|waka]] poet (d. [[974]])
* [[Malcolm II of Scotland|Malcolm II]], king of [[Kingdom of Alba|Alba]] ([[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]]) (approximate date)
* [[Ōnakatomi no Sukechika]], Japanese waka [[Japanese poetry|poet]] (d. [[1038]])
* [[Otto I, Duke of Swabia and Bavaria|Otto I]], duke of [[Duchy of Swabia|Swabia]] and [[Duchy of Bavaria|Bavaria]] (d. [[982]])
* [[Wang Yucheng]], Chinese official and [[Chinese poetry|poet]] (d. [[1001]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 25]] &ndash; [[Ashot II of Tao|Ashot II]], prince of [[Principality of Tao-Klarjeti|Tao-Klarjeti]] ([[Georgia (country)|Georgia]])
* [[February 22]] &ndash; [[Guo Wei]], emperor of the [[Later Zhou]] (b. [[904]])
* [[May 21]] &ndash; [[Feng Dao]], Chinese prince and [[Chancellor of the Tang dynasty|chancellor]] (b. [[882]])
* [[September 10]] &ndash; [[Louis IV of France|Louis IV]], king of the [[West Francia|West Frankish Kingdom]] 
* [[Abul-Aish Ahmad]], Idrisid ruler and [[sultan]] ([[Morocco]])
* [[Alberic II of Spoleto|Alberic II]], [[princeps]] and duke of [[Duchy of Spoleto|Spoleto]] (b. [[912]])
* [[Cellachán Caisil]], king of [[Munster]] ([[Ireland]])
* [[Eric Bloodaxe|Eric I]] ('''Bloodaxe'''), Norwegian [[Vikings|Viking]] king
* [[Frederick (archbishop of Mainz)|Frederick]], archbishop ([[Prince-elector|elector]]) of [[Mainz]]
* [[Fujiwara no Onshi]], empress of [[Japan]] (b. [[885]])
* [[Empress Li (Later Han)|Li]], Chinese empress dowager of the [[Later Han (Five Dynasties)|Later Han]]
* [[Liu Chong]], founder of the [[Northern Han]] 
* [[Malcolm I of Scotland|Malcolm I]], king of Alba (Scotland)
* [[Nuh I|Nuh ibn Nasr]], Samanid [[emir]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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