Editing 925

{{About year|925|the hallmark|Sterling silver}}
{{Year nav|925}}
[[File:Alfonso IV de Leon.jpg|200px|thumb|King [[Alfonso IV of León]] (r. 925–931)]]
Year '''925''' ('''[[Roman numerals|CMXXV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Saturday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].
{{M1 year in topic}}

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By date ===
====January &ndash; June====
* [[January 5]] &ndash; Gabellus becomes the first abbot of the monsastery of [[San Martín de Albelda]] in the Spanish kingdom of [[Navarre]].
* [[January]] &ndash; Hashim ibn Muhammad becomes the new ruler of the [[Banu Tujib]], an Arab state in Spain, upon the death of his father, Muhammad al-Anqar al-Tujibi.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Granja|first=Fernando de la|title=La Marca Superior en la Obra de al-ʿUdrí |year=1967 |journal=Estudios de Edad Media de la Corona de Aragon | volume=8 |language=ES |pages= 498}}</ref>
* [[May 15]] &ndash; [[Nicholas I Mystikos]], twice the [[Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople]] and having reigned a second time since [[912]], dies at the age of 73.
* [[May 23]] &ndash; At [[Luoyang]], [[Zhao Guangyin]], the [[Grand chancellor (China)|Grand Chancellor]] (equivalent to a Prime Minister) of the Emperor [[Li Cunxu]] of [[Later Tang]] dynasty [[China]], dies. Zhao's duties are assumed by Li Cunxu's son, Prince [[Li Siyuan]].<ref name=ZZTJ274>''[[Zizhi Tongjian]]'', [[:zh:s:資治通鑑/卷274|vol. 274]].</ref> 
* [[June 29]] — [[Stephen II of Constantinople|Stephen II]] becomes the new Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople and head of the Eastern Orthodox Church, succeeding Nicholas I.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Emperor Romanus Lecapenus and His Reign: A Study of Tenth-Century Byzantium |first=Steven |last=Runciman |year=1988 |author-link=Steven Runciman |publisher= Cambridge University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XHVzWN6gqxQC&pg=PA27 |page=27 }}</ref>

====July &ndash; December====
* [[July 4]] — At the age of 12, [[Shabbethai Donnolo]], who will become one of the most prominent physicians in Italy and the doctor to the Byzantine court, is kidnapped by Arab slavers as a [[Fatimid Caliphate|Fatimid]] expeditionary force, led by Jafar ibn Obeid, lands in [[Abruzzo]] in southern Italy and overruns [[Apulia]] and the city of [[Otranto]]. After defeating the Byzantine [[garrison]]s, the Arabs lay [[siege]] to the castle of [[Oria, Apulia|Oria]] and destroy it, killing the defenders and [[Muslim slave trade|taking the women and children as slaves]] back to [[North Africa]]. Donnolo's family pays a ransom and the Fatimid Amir Abu Ahmad Ja'far ibn 'Ubaid sets him free.<ref>{{JewishEncyclopedia|article=Shabbethai Donnolo|url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=439&letter=D|author=Richard Gottheil}}</ref>
* [[August]] — In Spain, [[Fruela II of Asturias|Fruela II]], [[Kingdom of León|King of León]] and [[Kingdom of Galicia|King of Galicia]], dies and is temporarily succeeded by his son, [[Alfonso Fróilaz]].
* [[September 4]] — The coronation of [[Æthelstan]] as [[List of English monarchs|King of the Anglo-Saxons]] (comprising the united kingdoms of Wessex and Mercia) takes place on the island of Britain at [[Kingston upon Thames]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Foot |first=Sarah |title=Æthelstan: The First King of England |date=2011 |publisher=Yale University Press |pages=73–74 |isbn=978-0-30-012535-1 |location=New Haven, Connecticut}}</ref>
* [[September]] — The Chamberlain Ja'far ibn Ubayd of the [[Fatimid Caliphate]] returns to the Fatimid capital of [[Mahdiya]] (now in [[Tunisia]]) after a successful 17-month campaign to pillage the Byzantine-ruled island of [[Sicily]].<ref>Heinz Halm, ''Das Reich des Mahdi: Der Aufstieg der Fatimiden'' [The Empire of the Mahdi: The Rise of the Fatimids] (in German) (Munich: C. H. Beck, 1991) ISBN 978-3-406-35497-7 pp. 213–214</ref> 
* [[October]] — In Byzantium, [[John Mystikos]], chief minister (''[[paradynasteuon]]''), is deposed by the Emperor Romanos I, flogged, and sent into [[exile]] in a monastery. He is replaced by the chamberlain (''[[protovestiarios]]'') [[Theophanes (chamberlain)|Theophanes]], who becomes the closest adviser of Emperor [[Romanos I Lekapenos|Romanos I]]. At this time the [[Byzantine Empire]] has been embroiled in a [[Byzantine–Bulgarian war of 913–927|protracted and disastrous war]] with Tsar [[Simeon I of Bulgaria]]. 
* [[November]] — In [[Baghdad]] (now in Iraq),[[Abdallah ibn Muhammad al-Khaqani]] is dismissed from his position as the [[Vizier (Abbasid Caliphate)|Grand Vizier]] of the [[Abbasid Caliphate]] upon the insistence of the Abassid commander [[Mu'nis al-Muzaffar]].<ref>{{cite book |last=van Berkel |first=Maaike |chapter=The Vizier |pages=65–86 |title=Crisis and Continuity at the Abbasid Court: Formal and Informal Politics in the Caliphate of al-Muqtadir (295-320/908-32) |location=Leiden |publisher=Brill |year=2013 |isbn= 978-90-04-25271-4 |chapter-url={{Google Books |cUodAAAAQBAJ |pages=81-83|plainurl=y}}}}</ref>
* [[December 10]] — In [[Pamplona]] in Spain, [[Jimeno Garcés|Jimeno II]] becomes the new [[List of Navarrese monarchs#House of Jiménez, 905–1234|King of Navarre]] in Spain upon the death of his brother, [[Sancho I of Pamplona|King Sancho I]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Martínez Díez|first=Gonzalo|title=Sancho III el Mayor Rey de Pamplona, Rex Ibericus|year=2007|publisher=Marcial Pons Historia|location=Madrid|language=ES|isbn= 978-84-96467-47-7}}</ref>
* [[December 15]] — At [[Chengdu]], capital of the [[Former Shu]] dynasty state in China, the [[Later Tang]] dynasty generals Li Jiji and Guo Chongtao acccept the surrender of the surviving Shu official, Li Yan, representative of the Shu Emperor [[Wang Zongyan]].<ref name=ZZTJ274/> 
* [[December 28]] — In China, [[Guo Chongtao]], military commander of the [[Later Tang]] dynasty that rules from what is now the [[Henan]] province, has his deputy commanders [[Wang Zongbi]], Wang Zongxun and Wang Zongwo arreted and executed on accusations of disloyalty, after receiving permission from Prince [[Li Jiji]], 13 days after their victory over the Former Shu kingdom.<ref name=ZZTJ274/>
* [[December 30]] — [[Wang Shenzhi]], the Chinese ruler of the [[Min (Ten Kingdoms)|Min Kingdom]] (now part of the [[Fujian]] province, with a capital of [[Fuzhou]]), dies after a long illness and is succeeded by his eldest son, [[Wang Yanhan]].<ref name=ZZTJ274/>

=== By place ===

==== Europe ====
* Summer &ndash; King [[Fruela II of Asturias|Fruela II]] dies after a reign of only 14 months. He is succeeded by his son [[Alfonso Fróilaz]] who ascends the [[throne]]. With the support of King [[Jimeno Garcés of Pamplona|Jimeno II]] of [[Pamplona]] (later [[Kingdom of Navarra|Navarra]]), [[Sancho Ordóñez]], [[Alfonso IV of León|Alfonso]], and [[Ramiro II of León|Ramiro]] (the sons of the late King [[Ordoño II of León|Ordoño II]]) revolt and drive their cousin Alfonso to the eastern [[March (territorial entity)|marches]] of [[Kingdom of Asturias|Asturias]], then divide the kingdom amongst themselves. Alfonso IV ("the Monk") receives the crown of [[Kingdom of León|León]], and Sancho I is acclaimed king of [[Kingdom of Galicia|Galicia]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Rodriguez Fernández|first=Justiniao|title=García I, Ordoño II, Fruela II, Alfonso IV|year=1997|publisher=Editorial La Olmeda|location=Burgos|isbn=84-920046-8-1|pages=176–178}}</ref>
* [[Alberic I of Spoleto|Alberic I]], duke of [[Duchy of Spoleto|Spoleto]], attempts to seize [[Rome]] on his own account. Pope [[Pope John X|John X]] organizes an uprising and expels him. Alberic flees to [[Orte]], where he sends out messengers calling on the [[Principality of Hungary|Magyars]] for assistance. But a mob in Orte, informed by papal agents, rises up and murders Alberic (approximate date).
* King [[Rudolph II of Burgundy]] (who also rules [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]]) and his father-in-law, [[Burchard II, Duke of Swabia|Burchard II]] of [[Duchy of Swabia|Swabia]], lead a Burgundian expeditionary force over the [[Great St Bernard Pass|Great St. Bernard Pass]] to confront [[Hugh of Italy|Hugh of Provence]]. They head to the city of [[Ivrea]] where Rudolph's forces begin a [[civil war]] against Lombard [[Partisan (military)|partisans]].
* [[Tomislav of Croatia|Tomislav]], duke of the Croatian duchies of [[Pannonia]] and [[Dalmatia]], is crowned as king of [[Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)|Croatia]]. He forges an alliance with the Byzantines during the struggle with the [[First Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarian Empire]] (approximate date).

==== Asia ====
* Winter &ndash; [[Former Shu]], one of the [[Ten Kingdoms]] in [[China]], is invaded by [[Later Tang]] forces of Emperor [[Li Cunxu|Zhuang Zong]], who incorporates the kingdom into his domains.
* A visiting [[Uyghurs|Uyghur]] delegation spurs the development of [[Khitan small script]], based on [[alphabet]]ic principles (approximate date).

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* [[Ha-Mim]] proclaims himself a [[prophet]] and a messenger of [[Islam]], among the [[Ghomaras|Ghomara]] [[Berbers]] near the city of [[Tétouan]] (modern [[Morocco]]).</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* May &ndash; [[Bruno the Great|Bruno I]], archbishop and duke of [[Lotharingia]] (d. [[965]])
* [[Basil Lekapenos]], Byzantine chief minister (d. [[985]]) (approximate date)
* [[Conrad I of Burgundy|Conrad I]], king of [[Kingdom of Burgundy|Burgundy]] (approximate date)
* [[Fujiwara no Kanemichi]], Japanese statesman (d. [[977]])
* [[Gerberga of Lorraine|Gerberga]], Frankish [[Nobility|noblewoman]] (approximate date)
* [[Gwangjong of Goryeo|Gwangjong]] (personal name: Wang So), king of [[Goryeo]] (d. [[975]])
* [[John I Tzimiskes]], Byzantine emperor (approximate date)
* [[Judith, Duchess of Bavaria|Judith]], duchess [[regent]] of [[Duchy of Bavaria|Bavaria]] (d. 985)
* [[Li Fang (Song dynasty)|Li Fang]], Chinese scholar and official (d. [[996]])
* [[Pan Mei]], general of the [[Song dynasty]] (d. [[991]]) (approximate date)
* [[Qian Hongzun]], [[heir apparent]] of [[Wuyue]] (d. [[940]])
* [[Thietmar, Margrave of Meissen]] (approximate date)
* [[Widukind of Corvey]], Saxon [[chronicle]]r (approximate date)

== Deaths ==
* March &ndash; [[Bertha, daughter of Lothair II|Bertha]], duchess regent of [[Lucca]] and [[Tuscany]] (b. [[863]])
* [[May 15]] &ndash; [[Nicholas I Mystikos]], Byzantine [[Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople|patriarch]] (b. [[852]])
* [[May 23]] &ndash; [[Zhao Guangyin]], chancellor of [[Later Tang]]
* July &ndash; [[Fruela II of Asturias|Fruela II]], king of [[Kingdom of Asturias|Asturias]] and [[Kingdom of León|León]]
* [[August 3]] &ndash; [[Empress Dowager Cao (Li Cunxu's mother)|Cao]], Chinese [[empress dowager]]
* [[December 10]] &ndash; [[Sancho I of Pamplona|Sancho I]], king of [[Kingdom of Navarra|Pamplona]]
* [[December 28]] &ndash; [[Wang Zongbi]], general of [[Former Shu]]
* [[December 30]] &ndash; [[Wang Shenzhi]], founder of [[Min (Ten Kingdoms)|Min]] (b. [[862]])
* [[Alberic I of Spoleto|Alberic I]], duke of [[Duchy of Spoleto|Spoleto]] (approximate date)
* [[Cathal mac Conchobair]], king of [[Connacht]]
* [[Abu Bakr al-Razi]], Persian [[Islamic philosophy|philosopher]] (approximate date)
* [[Sueiro Belfaguer]], Portuguese nobleman (b. [[875]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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