Editing 870

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{{About year|870|the shotgun|Remington 870}}
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[[File:843-870 Europe.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Division after the [[Treaty of Meerssen]] (870)]]
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Year '''870''' ('''[[Roman numerals|DCCCLXX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Sunday]] of the [[Julian calendar]], the 870th year of the [[Common Era]] (CE) and [[Anno Domini]] (AD) designations, the 870th year of the [[1st millennium]], the 70th year of the [[9th century]], and the 1st year of the [[870s]] decade.

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===
==== Europe ====
* [[August 8]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Meerssen]]: King [[Louis the German]] forces his half-brother [[Charles the Bald]] to accept a [[peace treaty]], which partitions the [[Middle Francia|Middle Frankish Kingdom]] into two larger east and west divisions. Louis receives most of [[Austrasia]] (which evolves into the [[Kingdom of Germany]]), and Charles receives territory in [[Lower Burgundy]] (which evolves into the [[Kingdom of France]]). However, large parts of the [[Frisia]]n coast are under [[Vikings|Viking]] control.
* Charles the Bald marries [[Richilde of Provence]], after the death of his first wife, [[Ermentrude of Orleans]]. He intends to secure his rule in [[Lotharingia]] through the powerful [[Bosonids|Bosonid]] family and the connection to [[Teutberga]], widow-queen of [[Lothair II]].<ref name=Lobienses>''Monumenta Germanica Historica, tomus I: Annales Lobienses, anno 855'', p. 232.</ref>
* [[Rastislav of Moravia|Rastislav]], ruler (''[[knyaz]]'') of [[Great Moravia]], dies in prison after he is condemned to death for [[treason]], by Louis the German. He is succeeded by his nephew [[Svatopluk I of Moravia|Svatopluk I]], who becomes a [[vassal]] of the [[East Francia|East Frankish Kingdom]].
* [[Bořivoj I, Duke of Bohemia|Bořivoj I]], duke of [[Duchy of Bohemia|Bohemia]], makes [[Levý Hradec]] (modern [[Czech Republic]]) his residence. Around this time [[Prague Castle]] is founded (approximate date).
* [[Wilfred the Hairy]], a Frankish [[Nobility|nobleman]], becomes count of [[Counts of Urgell|Urgell]] and [[County of Cerdanya|Cerdanya]] (modern-day [[Catalonia]]).

==== Britain ====
* Autumn &ndash; The [[Great Heathen Army]], led by [[Ivar the Boneless]]  and [[Ubba]], invades [[East Anglia]] and plunders [[Peterborough]]. King [[Edmund the Martyr]] is captured, [[torture]]d, beaten and used for [[archery]] practice (or [[869]]).
* The [[Denmark|Danes]], led by Ivar the Boneless and King Olaf of the [[Dublin]] Vikings, besiege [[Dumbarton]] in [[Scotland]], the capital of King [[Artgal of Alt Clut|Artgal of Stratchlyde]]. After a [[siege]] of four months, the [[citadel]] is captured and destroyed.<ref>MacQuarrie (2013), pp. 12–13.</ref> 
* The Danes, led by [[Halfdan Ragnarsson]] and [[Bagsecg]], invade [[Wessex]] and take the royal estate at [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]] ([[Berkshire]]), which Halfdan makes his headquarters. A naval Viking contingent sails up the [[River Thames|Thames River]].<ref>Paul Hill (2009). ''The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great'', p. 37. {{ISBN|978-1-59416-087-5}}.</ref>
* [[December 31]] &ndash; [[Battle of Englefield]]: The Vikings clash with ealdorman [[Æthelwulf of Berkshire]]. The invaders are driven back to Reading; many of the Danes (including one of the earls named Sidrac) are killed.

==== Abbasid Caliphate ====
* [[January 29]] &ndash; [[Anarchy at Samarra]]: The rebel [[Salih ibn Wasif]] is hunted down and killed in [[Abbasid Samarra]] by troops of [[Musa ibn Bugha al-Kabir]].
* [[June 21]] &ndash; Caliph [[Al-Muhtadi]] is deposed and killed by the [[Turkic peoples|Turks]], after a brief reign. He is succeeded by [[Al-Mu'tamid]] (son of the late [[Al-Mutawakkil]]) as ruler of the [[Abbasid Caliphate]], who moves his [[Royal court|court]] to [[Baghdad]]. End of the [[Anarchy at Samarra]].
* [[Arab–Byzantine wars|Byzantine–Arab War]]: A [[Arab-Muslims|Muslim]] expeditionary force, led by Halaf al-Hadim, Arab governor of [[Sicily]], conquers [[Malta]]. He is welcomed by the local Christian inhabitants as liberator of the agonizing [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] yoke. The Muslims sign a treaty with the Christians to live in peace after liberating the island from the Byzantines.
* The [[Zanj Rebellion]]: The [[Zanj]] (black [[Slavery|slaves]] from [[East Africa]]) capture the Abbasid seaport of [[Occupation of al-Ubulla (870)|Al-Ubullah]] at the [[Persian Gulf]], and cut off communications with [[Basra]] (modern [[Iraq]]).

=== By topic ===
==== Religion ====
* [[February 28]] &ndash; The [[Fourth Council of Constantinople (Roman Catholic)|Fourth Council of Constantinople]] ends. The [[Bulgarians]] are granted an autocephalous  [[Bulgarian Orthodox Church|archbishopric]]. with its seat in the capital of [[Pliska]].
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[Æthelflæd]], lady ruler of [[Mercia]] (d. [[918]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hartley |first1=Cathy |title=A Historical Dictionary of British Women |date=2003 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=9781857432282 |page=7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pDtEe4FKolUC&pg=PA7|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Alexander (Byzantine emperor)|Alexander III]], Byzantine emperor (d. [[913]])
* [[Bernard (son of Charles the Fat)|Bernard]], illegitimate son of [[Charles the Fat]] (d. [[891]])
* [[Ebalus, Duke of Aquitaine|Ebalus]], duke of [[Duchy of Aquitaine|Aquitaine]] (approximate date)
* [[Ermengol of Rouergue|Ermengol]], Frankish [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[937]])
* [[Fulk I, Count of Anjou|Fulk I]], Frankish nobleman (approximate date)
* [[Lde-dpal-hkhor-btsan]], Indian ruler (approximate date)
* [[Pavle of Serbia|Pavle]], prince of [[Principality of Serbia (early medieval)|Serbia]] (approximate date)
* [[Petar of Serbia|Petar]], prince of Serbia (approximate date)
* [[Romanos I Lekapenos|Romanos I]], Byzantine emperor (d. [[948]])
* [[Sunifred II, Count of Urgell|Sunifred II]], count of [[County of Urgell|Urgell]] (approximate date)
* [[Sunyer, Count of Barcelona|Sunyer]], count of [[County of Barcelona|Barcelona]] (approximate date)
* [[Theodora (senatrix)|Theodora]], Roman politician (approximate date)
* [[Wang Dingbao]], Chinese [[Chancellor of the Tang dynasty|chancellor]] (d. [[941]])
* [[Zhu Yanshou]], Chinese governor (d. [[903]]) 
* [[Zwentibold]], king of [[Lotharingia]] (d. [[900]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 29]] &ndash; [[Salih ibn Wasif]], Muslim general 
* [[February 4]] &ndash; [[Ceolnoth]], archbishop of [[Diocese of Canterbury|Canterbury]]
* [[April 2]] &ndash; [[Æbbe the Younger]], Frankish [[abbess]]
* [[June 21]] &ndash; [[Al-Muhtadi]], Muslim [[caliph]]
* [[September 1]] &ndash; [[Muhammad al-Bukhari]], Persian scholar (b. [[810]])
* [[November 20]] &ndash; [[Edmund the Martyr]], king of [[Kingdom of East Anglia|East Anglia]] (or [[869]])
* [[December 4]] &ndash; [[Suairlech ind Eidnén mac Ciaráin]], Irish [[bishop]]  
* [[December 27]] &ndash; [[Aeneas of Paris]], Frankish bishop
* [[Adarnase II of Tao-Klarjeti|Adarnase II]], Georgian [[Bagrationi dynasty|Bagratid]] prince (approximate date)
* [[Al-Harith ibn Sima al-Sharabi]], Muslim governor
* [[Al-Zubayr ibn Bakkar]], Muslim historian (b. [[788]])
* [[Caesar of Naples]] ("the Brave"), Italian admiral
* [[Gregory III of Naples|Gregory III]], co-[[regent]] and duke of [[Duchy of Naples|Naples]]
* [[He Quanhao]], general of the [[Tang dynasty|Tang Dynasty]] (b. [[839]])
* [[Saint Neot (monk)|Neot]], English [[monk]] and [[saint]] (approximate date)
* [[Rastislav of Moravia|Rastislav]], ruler (''[[knyaz]]'') of [[Great Moravia]]
* [[Ratramnus]], Frankish monk and [[abbot]] (approximate date)
* [[Wen Tingyun]], Chinese [[Chinese poetry|poet]] and [[lyricist]] (b. [[812]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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