Editing 861

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|861}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2021}}
{{Year nav|861}}
{{M1 year in topic}}
[[File:CairoRodaAlfraganusMonument.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Statue of [[Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Kathir al-Farghani|Al-Farghani]], [[Rhoda Island]] ([[Egypt]])]]
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Year '''861''' ('''[[Roman numerals|DCCCLXI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Wednesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Europe ====
* [[March]] &ndash; [[Robert the Strong]] is appointed [[margrave]] of [[Neustria]] by King [[Charles the Bald]]. He re-establishes the [[Marches of Neustria|Breton March]], and extends his remit by campaigning against [[Salomon, King of Brittany|Salomon]], duke 'king' of [[Duchy of Brittany|Brittany]]. Robert hires a combined [[Seine]]-[[Loire]] fleet for 6,000 pounds of [[silver]], 'before Salomon can ally with them against him'. In return, Salomon enlists 12 Viking ships under the command of [[Hastein]], to raid the county of [[Maine (province)|Maine]], which, with [[County of Anjou|Anjou]], becomes squeezed between Brittany and Neustria.
* Spring &ndash; The [[Council of Constantinople (861)|Council of Constantinople]], attended by 318 fathers and presided over by papal legates, confirms [[Photius the Great]] as patriarch, and passes 17 canons.
* [[Carloman of Bavaria|Carloman]], eldest son of King [[Louis the German]], revolts against his father. He is captured, but manages to escape to the [[Saxon Eastern March|Ostmark]] (or [[862]]).
* Summer &ndash; [[Vikings|Viking]] raiders sack the cities of [[Paris]], [[Cologne]], [[Aachen]], [[Worms, Germany|Worms]] and [[Toulouse]].

==== Abbasid Caliphate ====
[[File:Al-Mutawakkil.png|200px|thumb|right|[[Dirham]] [[Bust (sculpture)|Bust]] of Al-Mutawakkil. He was assassinated by his Turkic guards and his son on the night of 11 December 861]]
* [[December 11]] &ndash; Caliph [[al-Mutawakkil]] is assassinated by his [[Turkic peoples|Turkish]] guard, starting the period of troubles known as the "[[Anarchy at Samarra]]" (861–870). He is succeeded by his son [[Al-Muntasir]], as ruler of the [[Abbasid Caliphate]].
* [[Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar|Ya'qub ibn al-Layth]], a Muslim military leader, starts rebelling against the Abbasids and founds the [[Saffarid dynasty|Saffarid Dynasty]] in the 870s. He rules over parts of [[Khurasan]] and eastern [[Iran]], and establishes his capital at [[Zaranj]] (modern [[Afghanistan]]).

=== By topic ===

==== Hydrology ====
* Al-Mutawakkil (r. 847–861) orders the construction of a [[Nilometer]] on [[Rhoda Island]] in central [[Cairo]], supervised by the Persian astronomer [[Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Kathir al-Farghani]].
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[Abdullah ibn al-Mu'tazz]], Muslim [[Arabic poetry|poet]] (d. [[908]])
* [[Abu Bakr Shibli]], Muslim [[Sufism|Sufi]] (d. [[946]])
* [[Al-Mu'tadid]], Muslim [[caliph]] (or [[854]])
* [[Heongang of Silla|Heongang]], king of [[Silla]] (approximate date)

== Deaths ==
* [[Shuja al-Khwarazmi|Shuja]] also known as Umm Jaʽfar was the mother of Abbasid caliph Al-Mutawakkil.
* [[April 6]] &ndash; [[Prudentius of Troyes|Prudentius]], bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Troyes|Troyes]] 
* [[December 11]]
** [[Al-Mutawakkil]], Abbasid [[caliph]] (b. [[822]]), On the night of 11 December, about one hour after midnight, the Turk guards burst in the chamber where the Caliph and al-Fath were having supper. Al-Fath was killed trying to protect the Caliph, who was killed next. His son, Al-Muntasir, who now assumed the caliphate, initially claimed that al-Fath had murdered his father, and that he had been killed after; within a short time, however, the official story changed to al-Mutawakkil choking on his drink.{{sfn|Kraemer|1989|pp=171–182, 184, 195}}{{sfn|Kennedy|2006|pp=264–267}}
** [[al-Fath ibn Khaqan]], chief confidante and councillor of al-Mutawakkil
* [[Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Kathir al-Farghani]], Persian [[astronomer]]
* [[Álvaro of Córdoba (Mozarab)|Álvaro of Córdoba]], Mozarab scholar and theologian
* [[Ansovinus]], bishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Camerino-San Severino Marche|Camerino]] (approximate date)
* [[Bai Minzhong]], [[Chancellor of the Tang dynasty|chancellor of the Tang Dynasty]] (b. [[792]])
* [[Gladilanus]], Galician clergyman (approximate date)
* [[Gregory of Khandzta]], Georgian [[archimandrite]] (b. [[759]])
* [[Heonan of Silla|Heonan]], king of Silla ([[Korea]])
* [[Princess Ito]] of Japan
* [[Lando I of Capua|Lando I]], count of [[Principality of Capua|Capua]]
* [[Meinrad of Einsiedeln]], German [[hermit]] and martyr
* [[Pribina]], Slavic prince (approximate date)
* [[Samuel of Kakheti]], Georgian prince

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

=== Sources ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Kennedy |first=Hugh |author-link=Hugh N. Kennedy |year=2006 |title=When Baghdad Ruled the Muslim World: The Rise and Fall of Islam's Greatest Dynasty |location=Cambridge, MA |publisher=Da Capo Press |isbn=978-0-306814808 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=67fZB5YGkOQC}}
* <!--Kraemer 1989-->{{The History of al-Tabari |volume=34 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MNQFS2jzwFcC}}
{{refend}}

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