Editing 827

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
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[[File:Marsala, Italy map.png|upright=1.35|thumb|The [[Saracen]]s begin the [[Muslim conquest of Sicily#Muslim landing and siege of Syracuse, 827–828|conquest of Sicily]]]]
[[File:Pope Gregory IV.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Pope Gregory IV]] (c. 795–844)]]
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Year '''827''' ('''[[Roman numerals|DCCCXXVII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Tuesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===
==== Byzantine Empire ====
* [[June 14]] &ndash; [[Euphemius (Sicily)|Euphemius]], exiled Byzantine admiral, asks for the help of North African [[Arabs]], to retake [[Sicily]] and [[Malta]] from the Byzantines.<ref>Peter Sammartino and William Roberts, ''Sicily: An Informal History'', p. 43.</ref> Emir [[Ziyadat Allah I of Ifriqiya]] promises to return the islands to Euphemius, in exchange for a yearly [[tribute]], and sends an [[Arab Muslim]] expeditionary force of 10,000 men under the 70-year-old [[Asad ibn al-Furat]], which lands at [[Mazara del Vallo]] in Sicily.
* Fall &ndash; [[Siege of Syracuse (827–828)|Siege of Syracuse]]: Muslim forces under Asad ibn al-Furat, in support of the rebel Byzantine army, besiege [[Syracuse, Sicily]].<ref>Gilbert Meynier (2010) ''L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518)''. Paris: La Découverte; p. 23.</ref>

==== Europe ====
* Summer &ndash; [[Omurtag of Bulgaria|Omurtag]], ruler (''[[Khan (title)|khan]]'') of the [[First Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarian Empire]], launches an attack to the [[Western world|West]], and penetrates into [[Pannonia]]. He expels the local chiefs, and installs [[Bulgars|Bulgar]] governors over the [[Slavs|Slavic]] tribes to control them. Omurtag conquers the cities of [[Belgrade|Beograd]], [[Braničevo (region)|Braničevo]], [[Sirmium]], and most of eastern [[Slavonia]].<ref>John V.A. Fine, Jr. (1991). ''The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century'', p. 107. {{ISBN|978-0-472-08149-3}}.</ref>
* [[Giustiniano Participazio]] deposes his younger brother [[Giovanni I Participazio|Giovanni I]], and is appointed [[Doge (title)|doge]] of [[Republic of Venice|Venice]]. Giovanni, who is part of a pro-[[Francia|Frankish]] faction, is exiled to [[Zadar|Zara]] (modern [[Croatia]]).

==== Britain ====
* [[Æthelstan of East Anglia|Æthelstan]] establishes himself as king of [[Kingdom of East Anglia|East Anglia]], after killing King [[Ludeca of Mercia]] in battle. Ludeca is succeeded by [[Wiglaf of Mercia|Wiglaf]], father-in-law (and probably distant cousin) of the late king [[Ceolwulf I of Mercia|Ceolwulf I]]'s daughter.

==== China ====
* Emperor [[Emperor Jingzong of Tang|Jing Zong]] is assassinated by a group of conspirators. He is succeeded by his brother [[Emperor Wenzong of Tang|Wen Zong]], as ruler of the [[Tang dynasty|Tang Dynasty]].

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* [[August 27]] &ndash; [[Pope Eugene II]] dies after a 3-year reign, and is succeeded by [[Pope Valentine|Valentine]] as the 100th [[pope]] of the [[Catholic Church]].
* [[October 10]] &ndash; Pope Valentine dies just after a two-month reign, and is succeeded by [[Pope Gregory IV|Gregory IV]] as the 101st pope of [[Rome]].

==== Science ====
* [[Khalid ibn Abd al-Malik al-Marwarrudhi]] and [[Ali ibn Isa al-Asturlabi]] travel to the Plain of [[Sinjar]] (modern [[Iraq]]), under orders of Caliph [[Al-Ma'mun]], to measure the size of the [[Earth]].

==== Agriculture ====
* The [[Saracen]]s, who found [[spinach]] originally in [[Iran|Persia]] (modern [[Iran]]), introduce the [[Annual plant|plant]] to Sicily.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Rolland|first1=Jacques L.|last2=Sherman|first2=Carol|title=The Food Encyclopedia|date=2006|publisher=Robert Rose|location=Toronto|isbn=978-0-778-80150-4|pages=335–338}}</ref>
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[Saints Cyril and Methodius|Cyril]], Byzantine [[missionary]] and bishop (d. [[869]])
* [[Ibn al-Rawandi]], Muslim scholar and writer (d. [[AD 911|911]])
* [[Maura of Troyes]], Frankish [[Nobility|noblewoman]] and saint (d. [[850]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 1]] &ndash; [[Adalard of Corbie]], Frankish [[abbot]]
* [[August 27]] &ndash; [[Pope Eugene II|Eugene II]], pope of the [[Catholic Church]]
* [[October 10]] &ndash; [[Pope Valentine|Valentine]], pope of the Catholic Church
* [[Agnello Participazio]], doge of [[republic of Venice|Venice]]
* [[Claudius of Turin|Claudius]], archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Turin|Turin]]
* [[Grigol of Kakheti]], Georgian prince
* [[Guillemundus]], Frankish nobleman
* [[Hildegrim of Châlons|Hildegrim]], bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Châlons|Châlons]]
* [[Emperor Jingzong of Tang|Jing Zong]], emperor of the [[Tang dynasty|Tang Dynasty]] (b. [[809]])
* [[Li Yi (poet)|Li Yi]], Chinese [[Chinese poetry|poet]] (or [[829]])
* [[Ludeca of Mercia|Ludeca]], king of [[Mercia]]
* [[Wu Chongyin]], Chinese general (b. [[761]])
* [[Yaoshan Weiyan]], Chinese [[Chinese Buddhism|Buddhist]] monk (b. [[745]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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