Editing 775

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{{About year|775}}
{{Year nav|775}}
{{M1 year in topic}}
[[File: Leo iv constantine vi coin.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Emperor [[Leo IV the Khazar|Leo IV]] and his son [[Constantine VI]]]]
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Year '''775''' ('''[[Roman numerals|DCCLXXV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Sunday]] of the [[Julian calendar]]. The denomination 775 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

== Events ==
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=== By place ===
==== Byzantine Empire ====
* [[September 14]] &ndash; Emperor [[Constantine V]] dies while on a campaign in [[First Bulgarian Empire|Bulgaria]]. In his 34-year reign he has suppressed [[monasticism]] and [[Byzantine Iconoclasm|image worship]], restored [[Aqueduct (water supply)|aqueduct]]s, revived [[commerce]], and repopulated [[Constantinople]]{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}. He is succeeded by his 25-year-old son [[Leo IV the Khazar|Leo IV]] ("the Khazar"), who continues Constantine's campaigns against the [[Bulgars]] and [[Arab Muslims|Muslim Arabs]].

==== Europe ====
* [[Saxon Wars#First phase|Saxon Wars]]: King [[Charlemagne]] holds a major assembly at [[Quierzy]] (Northern France). He leads a Frankish army into [[Old Saxony|Saxony]] to retake the ''[[Castra|castrum]]'' of [[Sigiburg|Syburg]] (near [[Dortmund]]), then rebuilds and garrisons fortified [[Eresburg]]. He reaches the [[Weser]] at a place called Braunsberg, where the [[Saxons]] stand for battle, but are defeated when Frankish troops cross the river.<ref>David Nicolle (2014). The Conquest of Saxony AD 782–785, pp. 14–15. {{ISBN|978-1-78200-825-5}}.</ref>
* [[Westphalia]]n Saxons, probably commanded by [[Widukind]], cross the Weser and fight an inconclusive battle at Hlidbeck (modern-day [[Lübbecke]]). Charlemagne claims victory, but perhaps in reality suffers a setback. He reunites his forces and inflicts a real defeat upon the Saxons, seizing considerable [[Looting|booty]] and taking [[hostage]]s, though Widukind escapes.<ref>David Nicolle (2014). The Conquest of Saxony AD 782–785, p. 15. {{ISBN|978-1-78200-825-5}}.</ref>
* Autumn &ndash; Charlemagne retakes the ''[[Hellweg]]'' (main corridor) along the [[Lippe (river)|Lippe Valley]], establishing communications between [[Austrasia]], [[Hesse]] and [[Thuringia]]. It is used as a [[trade route]] under Frankish supervision.<ref>David Nicolle (2014). The Conquest of Saxony AD 782–785, p. 12. {{ISBN|978-1-78200-825-5}}.</ref>
* The German city of [[Giessen]] (Hesse) is founded.

==== Africa ====
* [[Andalusia]]n merchants set up an [[Emporium (early medieval)|emporium]] (trade settlement) on the [[Maghreb]] coast at [[Ténès]] (modern [[Algeria]]). It is early evidence of the revival of the maritime trade in the Western Mediterranean, after the chaos of the early [[8th century]].<ref>Gilbert Meynier (2010). ''L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518)''. Paris: La Découverte; p. 26.</ref>

==== Arab Caliphate====
* [[April 25]] &ndash; [[Battle of Bagrevand]]: The Abbasids put an end to an [[Armenia]]n rebellion. Muslim control over [[Transcaucasia]] is solidified, while several major Armenian ''[[nakharar]]'' families, notably the [[Mamikonian]], lose power and flee to the [[Byzantine Empire]]. 
* Caliph [[al-Mansur]] (r. 754–775) dies after a 21-year reign, in which he has made [[Baghdad]] the residence of the [[Abbasid Caliphate]]. He is succeeded by his son [[al-Mahdi]].
[[File:Abu Ja'far al-Mansur, Sayr mulhimah min al-Sharq wa-al-Gharb.png|150px|thumb|[[Abbasid]] caliph [[al-Mansur]] was succeeded by his [[Heir apparent|heir]] and son [[Al-Mahdi]], on 6th October 775.]]
* At around this time, Baghdad becomes the largest city in the world, taking the lead from [[Chang'an]], capital of [[China]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm|title=Largest Cities Through History|work=About.com Geography|access-date=March 1, 2006|archive-date=August 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818124242/http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==== Asia ====
* [[Tibet]] subdues her [[Himalayas|Himalayan]] neighbors, and concludes a boundary agreement with the Chinese [[Tang dynasty]] (approximate date).
* King [[Bengal#History|Dharmapala]] begins his reign of [[Bengal]] (South Asia).<ref>Bagchi, Jhunu (1993). The History and Culture of the Pālas of Bengal and Bihar, cir 750 A.D. - 1200 A.D. {{ISBN|978-81-7017-301-4}}.</ref>

=== By topic ===
==== Astronomy ====
* A 1.2% growth of [[carbon-14]] concentration recorded in [[Dendrochronology#Growth rings|tree rings]] suggests that a [[774–775 carbon-14 spike|very strong solar storm]] may have hit Earth, in either 774 or 775.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.nature.com/news/mysterious-radiation-burst-recorded-in-tree-rings-1.10768/|title=Mysterious radiation burst recorded in tree rings|journal=Nature News & Comment|year=2012|doi=10.1038/nature.2012.10768|last1=Lovett|first1=Richard A.|s2cid=124800942}}</ref>
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[Amalarius]], archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Trier|Trier]] (approximate date)
* [[Ebbo]], archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Reims|Reims]] (d. [[851]])
* [[Einhard]], Frankish scholar (d. [[840]])
* [[Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu]], Japanese general (d. [[826]])
* Hilduin, bishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paris|Paris]] (d. 840){{citation needed|date=April 2020}}
* [[Leo V the Armenian|Leo V]], Byzantine emperor (d. [[820]])
* [[Rotrude]], Frankish princess, daughter of [[Charlemagne]] (or [[778]])
* [[Tahir ibn Husayn]], 9th-century Persian Abbasid governor (or [[776]])
* [[Theodosia, wife of Leo V|Theodosia]], Byzantine empress (approximate date)
* [[Theophanes the Branded]], Byzantine monk (d. [[845]])
* [[Wetti of Reichenau]], German scholar (approximate date)

== Deaths ==
* [[April 25]]
** [[Smbat VII Bagratuni]], Armenian noble
** [[Mushegh VI Mamikonian]], Armenian noble
* [[September 14]] &ndash; [[Constantine V]], Byzantine emperor (b. [[718]])
* [[October 6]] &ndash; [[Al-Mansur]], Muslim [[caliph]] (b. [[714]])
*''date unknown''
** [[Ciniod I]], king of the [[Picts]]
** [[Fujiwara no Kurajimaro]], Japanese politician (b. [[734]])
** [[Princess Inoe]] of Japan (b. [[717]])<ref>Brown and Ishida. ''Gukanshō,'' pp. 276–277; Varley, H. Paul. ''Jinnō Shōtōki,'' pp. 147–148; Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). {{Google books|18oNAAAAIAAJ|''Annales des empereurs du Japon,'' pp. 81–85.|page=81}}</ref>
** [[Isma'il ibn Jafar]], [[Shia|Shī‘ah Imām]] (approximate date)
** [[Kibi no Makibi]], Japanese scholar (b. [[695]])
** [[Ruyuan (abbess)|Ruyuan]], Chinese Buddhist abbess and master

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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