Editing 75 BC

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Year '''75 BC''' was a year of the [[Roman calendar|pre-Julian Roman calendar]]. At the time it was known as the '''Year of the Consulship of Octavius and Cotta''' (or, less frequently, '''year 679 ''[[Ab urbe condita]]'''''). The denomination 75 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

== Events ==
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=== By place ===

==== Roman Republic ====
* In [[Roman Republic|Rome]], the tribune Quintus Opimius speaks out against Sullan restrictions on the tribunate, in orations noted for sarcasm against conservatives.
* [[Cicero]] is [[quaestor]] in Western Sicily.
* [[Nicomedes IV]] of [[Bithynia]] bequeaths his kingdom to [[Roman Republic|Rome]] on his death (75/4 BC).   Angered by the arrangement, [[Mithridates VI]] of [[Kingdom of Pontus|Pontus]] declares war on Rome and invades Bithynia, [[Cappadocia]] and [[Paphlagonia]], thus starting the [[Third Mithridatic War]].
* [[Third Mithridatic War]]: [[M. Aurelius Cotta]] is defeated by [[Mithridates VI of Pontus|Mithridates]] in the [[Battle of Chalcedon (75 BC)|Battle of Chalcedon]].
* [[Julius Caesar]] travels to [[Rhodes]] and is taken captive by pirates<ref>{{cite book | title=A History of Rome | edition=Second | first1=Marcel | last1=LeGlay | first2=Jean-Louis | last2=Voisin | first3=Yann | last3=Le Bohec | page=128 | publisher=Blackwell | place=Malden, Massachusetts | year=2001 | isbn=0-631-21858-0}}</ref>\
* In the [[Roman Republic|Roman]] province of [[Hispania Citerior]] a [[Roman Republic|republican]] army under [[Pompey|Pompey the Great]] defeats an army of [[Sertorian War|Sertorian rebels]] at the [[Battle of Valentia (75 BC)|Battle of Valentia]].
* In the [[Roman Republic|Roman]] province of [[Hispania Ulterior]] a [[Roman Republic|republican]] army under [[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius]] defeats an army of [[Sertorian War|Sertorian rebels]] at the [[Battle of Italica]].
* In the [[Roman Republic|Roman]] province of [[Hispania Citerior]] an army of [[Sertorian War|Sertorian rebels]] under [[Quintus Sertorius]] himself defeats a [[Roman Republic|republican]] army under [[Pompey|Pompey the Great]] at the [[Battle of Sucro]].
* At the [[Battle of Saguntum (75 BC)|Battle of Saguntum]] the [[Roman Republic|republican forces]] on the [[Iberian Peninsula]] and the [[Sertorian War|Sertorian]] rebels fight each other to a draw. [[Quintus Sertorius]] is forced to withdraw leaving the battlefield to [[Pompey]] and [[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius|Metellus]] (the republican commanders).

==== Greece ====
* [[Julius Caesar]] travels to [[Rhodes]] to study under [[Apollonius Molon]]. On his way across the [[Aegean Sea]], he is kidnapped by [[Cilician]] pirates and held prisoner in the [[Dodecanese]] islet of [[Farmakonisi|Pharmacusa]]. The young Caesar is held for a ransom of twenty [[talent (measurement)|talents]], but he insists they ask for fifty. After his release Caesar raises a fleet at [[Miletus]], pursues and [[crucifixion|crucifies]] the pirates in [[Pergamon]].

=== By topic ===

==== Literature ====
* Start of [[Golden Age of Latin Literature]].
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== Births ==
* [[Calpurnia (wife of Caesar)|Calpurnia]], Roman noblewoman and wife of [[Julius Caesar]]
* [[Gaius Asinius Pollio (consul 40 BC)|Gaius Asinius Pollio]], Roman politician and poet (d. [[AD 4]]) 
* [[Emperor Yuan of Han|Yuan of Han]], Chinese emperor of the [[Han dynasty|Han Dynasty]] (d. [[33 BC]])

== Deaths ==
* [[Herennia gens|Gaius Herennius]], [[tribune of the plebs]] in 80 BC and [[Legatus|legate]] to [[Quintus Sertorius]] during the [[Sertorian War]], killed at the [[Battle of Valentia (75 BC)|Battle of Valentia]].
* [[Lucius Hirtuleius]], right-hand-man of [[Quintus Sertorius]] during the [[Sertorian War]], killed at the [[Battle of Saguntum (75 BC)|Battle of Saguntum]].
* [[Gaius Memmius (proquaestor)|Gaius Memmius]], brother-in-law of [[Pompey|Pompey the Great]], died at the [[Battle of Saguntum (75 BC)|Battle of Saguntum]].

== References ==
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