Editing 709

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|709}}
{{Year nav|709}}
{{M1 year in topic}}
[[File:Mont St Michel 3, Brittany, France - July 2011.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Mont Saint-Michel]] ([[Normandy]])]]
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Year '''709''' ('''[[Roman numerals|DCCIX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Tuesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]]. The denomination 709 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

== Events ==
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=== By place ===
==== Byzantine Empire ====
* [[June]] &ndash; Emperor [[Justinian II]] sends a [[punitive expedition]] to [[Italy]] under the ''[[Patrician (ancient Rome)#Late Roman and Byzantine period|patrikios]]'' Theodore, to intervene in the dispute between Pope [[Pope Constantine|Constantine I]] and Archbishop [[Felix of Ravenna]], who claims to be independent of the [[pope]]'s authority. Theodore captures [[Ravenna]], and arrests Felix and other Italian leaders. He deports them to [[Constantinople]], from whence they are [[exile]]d to [[Chersonesus (Crimea)|Cherson]] ([[Crimean Peninsula|Crimea]]).<ref>{{cite book | editor-last=Venning | editor-first = Timothy | title = A Chronology of the Byzantine Empire | url=https://archive.org/details/chronologybyzant00venn_254 | url-access=limited | year = 2006 | publisher = Palgrave Macmillan | isbn = 1-4039-1774-4 |pages = [https://archive.org/details/chronologybyzant00venn_254/page/n217 191]–192}}</ref><ref>{{citation | title = A History of the Byzantine State and Society |last = Treadgold | first = Warren T. | year = 1997 | publisher = Stanford University Press | location = [[Stanford, CA]] | isbn = 0-8047-2630-2 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=nYbnr5XVbzUC | page=938}}</ref>

==== Britain ====
* [[Ceolred of Mercia|Ceolred]] becomes king of [[Mercia]], after his cousin [[Coenred of Mercia|Coenred]] abdicates the [[throne]]. Dynastic rivalries lead to the banishment of his second cousin, prince [[Æthelbald of Mercia|Æthelbald]], who flees to the [[East Anglia]]n controlled [[Crowland|Crowland Fens]]. 
* Kings [[Swæfred of Essex|Swæfred]] and [[Sigeheard of Essex|Sigeheard]] of [[Essex]] share power with [[Offa of Essex|Offa]]. He abdicates the throne in order to become a [[monk]] in [[Rome]], along with Coenred. [[Saelred of Essex|Saelred]] rules jointly with [[Swæfberht of Essex|Swæfberht]] the sub-kingdom of [[Middlesex]].

==== Arabian Empire ====
* [[Arab–Byzantine wars#Attacks against Byzantine holdings in Africa, Sicily and the East|Arab–Byzantine War]]: An Umayyad army under [[Maslamah ibn Abd al-Malik]] raids [[Isauria]] (modern [[Turkey]]). He is appointed military governor of [[Arminiya|Armenia and Azerbaijan]], succeeding his uncle [[Muhammad ibn Marwan]].<ref>{{citation | title = A History of the Byzantine State and Society | last = Treadgold | first = Warren T. | year = 1997 | publisher = Stanford University Press | location = [[Stanford, CA]] | isbn = 0-8047-2630-2 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=nYbnr5XVbzUC | page=341}}</ref>
* After two years of failed efforts, [[Qutayba ibn Muslim]] captures [[Bukhara]] ([[Uzbekistan]]) for the [[Umayyad Caliphate]]. The [[Hephthalite Empire|Hephthalite]] princes of [[Bactria#Tokharistan|Tokharistan]] rebel against the [[Arab people|Arabs]], but are swiftly subdued by Qutayba.

=== By topic ===
==== Architecture, real estate ====
* [[Mont Saint-Michel]], built by [[Aubert of Avranches|Aubert]], bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Coutances|Avranches]], has its beginnings in an oratory on Mont Tombe, on the coast of [[Normandy]] (approximate date).

==== Environmental change ====
* A [[storm]] separates the [[Channel Islands]] of [[Jethou]] and [[Herm]].
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[November 18]] &ndash; [[Emperor Kōnin|Kōnin]], emperor of [[Japan]] (d. [[782]])
* [[Du Hongjian]], [[Chancellor of the Tang dynasty|chancellor of the Tang Dynasty]] (d. [[769]])
* [[Liu Zhangqing]], Chinese [[Chinese poetry|poet]] (d. [[785]])
* [[Mazu Daoyi]], Chinese [[Zen|Zen Buddhist]] monk (d. [[788]])
* [[Yan Zhenqing]], Chinese [[Chinese calligraphy|calligrapher]] (d. 785)
* [[Yaxun B'alam IV]], king of [[Yaxchilan]] ([[Mexico]]) (d. [[768]])
* [[Zhang Xun (Tang dynasty)|Zhang Xun]], general of the Tang Dynasty (d. [[AD 757|757]])

== Deaths ==
* [[May 25]] &ndash; [[Aldhelm]], [[Bishop of Salisbury|bishop of Sherborne]]
* [[Æthelred of Mercia|Æthelred]], king of [[Mercia]] (approximate date)
* [[Bertin]], Frankish [[abbot]] (approximate date)
* [[Gotfrid]], [[Duke of Swabia|duke of Alemannia]] (approximate date)
* [[Swæfred of Essex|Swæfred]], king of [[Essex]] (approximate date)
* [[Wilfrid]], Anglo-Saxon [[bishop]] (or [[710]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:709}}
[[Category:709| ]]