Editing 659

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|659}}
{{Year nav|659}}
{{M1 year in topic}}
[[File:Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty China ship 2010.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|A Japanese mission ship in [[Hakata Bay]] (2010)]]
__NOTOC__
Year '''659''' ('''[[Roman numerals|DCLIX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Tuesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]]. The denomination 659 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* [[Arab–Byzantine wars|Arab–Byzantine War]]: Emperor [[Constans II]] signs a [[peace treaty]] with the [[Rashidun Caliphate]]. He uses the pause to strengthen his defences, and consolidates [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] control over [[Armenia]]. Constans establishes the ''[[Theme (Byzantine district)|themata]]'', dividing territorial command in [[Anatolia]].
* Constans II elevates his son [[Heraclius (son of Constans II)|Heraclius]] to the rank of co-emperor (''[[Augustus (honorific)|Augustus]]''), alongside his brother [[Tiberius (son of Constans II)|Tiberius]].<ref name="PmbZ">Winkelmann & Lilie, pp. 125–127</ref>

==== Asia ====
* A Japanese [[Diplomatic mission|embassy]] is sent to the [[Chinese Empire]], and received in an [[audience (meeting)|audience]] by Emperor [[Emperor Gaozong of Tang|Gao Zong]]. The [[Tang dynasty]] is determined in the next year to take administrative measures in regard to [[Japan]]. The envoys are detained.

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* [[March 17]] &ndash; [[Gertrude of Nivelles]], daughter of [[Pepin of Landen]] ([[mayor of the palace]] of [[Austrasia]]), requests on her deathbed a [[burial]] wearing a plain linen [[shroud]]. This is the traditional ([[Paganism|pagan]]) practice of a 'furnished' grave.
* [[Leodegar]], an opponent of [[Ebroin]] (mayor of the palace), is appointed [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Autun|bishop of Autun]] in [[Kingdom of Burgundy|Burgundy]].
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin|Ali ibn Husayn Zayn]], great-grandson of [[Muhammad]] and [[Imamah (Shia doctrine)|Shia Imam]]
* [[Cædwalla of Wessex|Cædwalla]], king of [[Wessex]] (approximate date)
* [[Fujiwara no Fuhito]], Japanese statesman (d. [[720]])
* [[He Zhizhang]], Chinese [[poet]] (approximate date)

== Deaths ==
* [[March 17]] &ndash; [[Gertrude of Nivelles]], Frankish [[abbess]] (b. c.[[628]])
* [[November 3]] &ndash; [[Denha I of Tikrit]], Syriac Orthodox Grand Metropolitan of the East.<ref>{{cite book |editor-first=Marianna |editor-last=Mazzola|title=Bar 'Ebroyo's Ecclesiastical History : writing Church History in the 13th century Middle East|publisher=PSL Research University|url=https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02142443/document|access-date=31 May 2020|year=2018|pages=359–360}}</ref>
* [[Bavo of Ghent]], Frankish nobleman and [[saint]] (b. [[622]])
* [[Han Yuan]], [[chancellor of the Tang dynasty]] (b. [[606]])
* [[Ishoyahb III]], patriarch of the [[Church of the East]]
* [[Liu Shi (Tang dynasty)|Liu Shi]], chancellor of the Tang dynasty
* [[Zhangsun Wuji]], chancellor of the Tang dynasty

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:659}}
[[Category:659| ]]