Editing 641

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[[File:Hexagram-Constans II and Constantine IV-sb0995.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Emperor [[Constans II]] (630–668)]]
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Year '''641''' ('''[[Roman numerals|DCXLI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Monday]] of the [[Julian calendar]]. The denomination 641 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

== Events ==
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=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* [[February 11]] &ndash; Emperor [[Heraclius]], age 65, dies of [[Edema|dropsy]] at [[Constantinople]] after a 31-year reign. He reorganized the imperial administration, but lost [[Armenia]], parts of [[Diocese of Egypt (Late Antiquity)|Egypt]], [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]], [[Syria]] and much of [[Mesopotamia]] to the [[Muslim]] Arabs. Heraclius is succeeded by his sons [[Constantine III (Byzantine emperor)|Constantine III]] and [[Heraklonas]].
* The [[Muslim conquest of Egypt]] continues, with the [[Siege of Alexandria (641)|siege of Alexandria]].
* [[May]] &ndash; Constantine III, age 29, dies of [[tuberculosis]] after a four-month reign, leaving his half-brother Heraklonas sole emperor. Rumors spread that Constantine has been [[poison]]ed by Heraclius's second wife (and niece) [[Martina (empress)|Martina]].
* [[September]] &ndash; The [[Byzantine Senate]] turns against Martina and her son Heraklonas, who are both [[Political mutilation in Byzantine culture|mutilated]], and [[exile]]d to [[Rhodes]]. Supported by general [[Valentinus (usurper)|Valentinus]], Constantine's son [[Constans II]], age 10, succeeds to the [[throne]]. 
* Constans II establishes a new civil-military defensive organisation, based upon [[Geography|geographical]] military districts. Byzantine forces maintain the frontier, along the line of the [[Taurus Mountains]] (Southern [[Turkey]]).

==== Europe ==== 
* [[Aega (mayor of the palace)|Aega]], [[Mayor of the Palace]] and [[regent]] (alongside of [[queen mother]] [[Nanthild]]) of [[Neustria]] and [[Kingdom of Burgundy|Burgundy]], dies during the reign of King [[Clovis II]]. He is replaced by [[Erchinoald]], a relative of [[Dagobert I]]'s mother.
* The [[Lombards]] under King [[Rothari]] conquer [[Genoa]] ([[Liguria]]), and all remaining [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] territories in the lower [[Po Valley]], including [[Oderzo]] (''Opitergium'').
* [[Arechis I of Benevento|Arechis I]], duke of [[Province of Benevento|Benevento]] (northeast of [[Naples]]), dies after a 50-year reign and is succeeded by his son [[Aiulf I of Benevento|Aiulf I]].

==== Britain ====
* Prince [[Oswiu]] of [[Bernicia]] conquers [[Gododdin]] (or "The Old North") as far north as [[Manaw Gododdin|Manau]] (modern [[Scotland]]), on behalf of his half-brother, King [[Oswald of Northumbria|Oswald]] (approximate date).
* King [[Bridei II]] dies after a 5-year reign, and is succeeded by his brother [[Talorc III]] as ruler of the [[Picts]].

==== Africa ====
* [[November 8]] &ndash; [[Siege of Alexandria (641)|Siege of Alexandria]]: Muslim Arabs under [['Amr ibn al-'As]] capture [[Alexandria]] after a six-month [[siege]]. Byzantine officials formally capitulate to Amr, turning the city over to Arab hands.
* The city of [[Fustat]] (later [[Cairo]]) is founded in [[Egypt]]. It becomes the first [[List of capitals of Egypt|capital of Egypt]] under Muslim rule.

==== Asia ====
* Emperor [[Emperor Taizong of Tang|Taizong]] of the [[Tang dynasty]] (China) instigates a [[Tang campaigns against the Western Turks|civil war]] in the [[Western Turkic Khaganate]], by supporting Isbara Yabghu Qaghan.
* [[November 17]] &ndash; Emperor [[Emperor Jomei|Jomei]] of [[Japan]], age 48, dies after a 12-year reign. 
* [[Uija of Baekje|Uija]] becomes the last king of the Korean kingdom of [[Baekje]].<ref name=met641>{{cite web |title=List of Rulers of Korea |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/koru/hd_koru.htm |website=www.metmuseum.org |access-date=21 April 2019}}</ref>
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== Births ==
* [[Asparukh of Bulgaria|Asparukh]], ruler (''[[Khan (title)|khan]]'') of the [[First Bulgarian Empire]] (d. [[701]])

== Deaths ==
* [[February 11]] &ndash; [[Heraclius]], Byzantine emperor
* [[November 17]] &ndash; [[Emperor Jomei]] of [[Japan]] (b. [[593]])
* [[Aega (mayor of the palace)|Aega]], [[Mayor of the Palace]] ([[Neustria]] and [[Kingdom of Burgundy|Burgundy]])
* [[Arechis I of Benevento|Arechis I]], duke of [[Province of Benevento|Benevento]] ([[Italy]])
* [[Bridei II]], king of the [[Picts]]
* Emperor [[Constantine III (Byzantine emperor)|Constantine III]] of the [[Byzantine Empire]] 
* [[Mu of Baekje|Mu]], king of [[Baekje]] (one of the [[Three Kingdoms of Korea]])<ref name=met641 />
* [[Ouyang Xun]], [[Confucianism|Confucian]] scholar and [[Calligraphy|calligrapher]] (b. [[557]])
* [[Zaynab bint Jahsh]], wife of [[Muhammad]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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