Editing 633

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[[File:Mohammad adil-Khalid's conquest of Iraq.PNG|upright=1.35|thumb|The [[Arab people|Arab]] invasion of [[Khalid ibn al-Walid]] in [[Iraq]]]]
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Year '''633''' ('''[[Roman numerals|DCXXXIII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Friday]] of the [[Julian calendar]]. The denomination 633 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===
==== Britain ====
* [[October 12]] &ndash; [[Battle of Hatfield Chase]]: King [[Edwin of Northumbria]] is defeated and killed by [[Penda of Mercia]] and [[Cadwallon ap Cadfan|Cadwallon of Gwynedd]], at [[Hatfield Chase]] ([[South Yorkshire]]).
* [[Osric of Deira|Osric]] succeeds his uncle Edwin as king of [[Deira (kingdom)|Deira]]. Prince [[Eanfrith of Bernicia|Eanfrith]] returns from [[Picts|Pictland]] to claim his rightful crown of [[Bernicia]] ([[Northern England]]). Both revert to [[paganism]].
* Winter &ndash; Cadwallon is [[Siege|besieged]] by King Osric at [[York]]; he successfully breaks out of the city with all his forces, by surprise, and destroys Osric's army.{{sfn|Bede Book III|loc=[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/bede-book3.html Chapter&nbsp;I]}}

==== Arabia ====
* [[Ridda wars#Hadhramaut|Ridda Wars]]: [[Abu Bakr]], [[caliph]] (''khalifa'') of the [[Rashidun Caliphate]], launches a military campaign against the [[Arab people|Arab]] tribe of [[Kinda (tribe)|Kinda]], which inhabits the region of [[Najran]] ([[Yemen]]).  
* [[March 18]] &ndash; The [[Arabian Peninsula]] is united under the central authority of Abu Bakr. This sets the stage for the [[Muslim conquest of Persia|Islamic conquest of Persia]] and the [[Sassanid Empire#Decline and fall (622–651)|fall of the Sassanid dynasty]]. 
* [[April]] &ndash; [[Battle of Chains]] ([[Kuwait]]) and [[Battle of River]] ([[Iraq]]): A [[Muslim]] army (18,000 men) under [[Khalid ibn al-Walid]] invades [[Mesopotamia]], and wins decisive victories.<ref>Roberts, J: "History of the World." Penguin, 1994</ref>
* [[May]] &ndash; [[Battle of Walaja]]: The [[Rashidun army|Rashidun Caliphate army]] under Khalid defeats the [[Sassanid Empire|Persians]] and their [[Arab Christians|Arab Christian]] allies. The [[Military of the Sassanid Empire|Persian army]] is at least three times the size.<ref name=Campaigns>[http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Articles/companion/12_abu_bakr.htm Campaigns in Eastern Iraq], "Khalifa Abu Bakr", ''Companion of the Prophet''. Virtual library of Witness-Pioneer.</ref>
* [[Battle of Ullais]]: Forces of the [[Rashidun Caliphate]] under Khalid defeat an entire Persian army (70,000 men{{sfn|al-Tabari Vol.&nbsp;2|p=562}}) near the river [[Euphrates]]. Khalid besieges the city of [[Al-Hirah|Hira]].
* [[Battle of Hira|Siege of Hira]]: The Muslim Arabs (15,000 men) under Khalid attack the fortress city of Hira. After a brief fight the citizens surrender, and bring gifts to Khalid.<ref>The Caliphate, Its Rise, Decline, and Fall. From Original Sourcesby William Muir, p. 56</ref>
* [[July]] &ndash; [[Battle of Al-Anbar|Siege of Anbar]]: A Muslim Arab army under Khalid besieges the fortress city of [[Anbar (town)|Anbar]]. The Persian [[governor]] surrenders and is allowed to [[Retirement|retire]].<ref>Annals of the Early Caliphate by William Muir, p. 85</ref>
* [[Battle of Ayn al-Tamr|Battle of Ein ut Tamr]]: The Muslim army attacks a Persian frontier post located south of Anbar. The Arab Christian [[auxiliaries]] are overrun and surrender.
* [[August]] &ndash; [[Battle of Dawmat al-Jandal|Battle of Dumat Al-Jandal]]: A Muslim army (10,000 men) under Khalid defeats the rebel Arab Christians at [[Dumat Al-Jandal]] ([[Saudi Arabia]]). 
* [[November]] &ndash; [[Battle of Muzayyah]], [[Battle of Saniyy]], and [[Battle of Zumail]]: Khalid coordinates successful night attacks against the Arab Christians.

=== By topic ===
==== Arts and sciences ====
* [[Li Chunfeng|Li Chungfeng]] builds an [[armillary sphere]] (approximate date).

==== Religion ====
* [[December 5]] &ndash; [[Fourth Council of Toledo]]: King [[Sisenand]] orders a meeting in the church of [[Leocadia|St. Leocadia]]; the [[bishop]]s accept a [[decree]] that all [[Visigoths]] must take an [[oath]] to preserve the stability of the [[Goths|Gothic]] nation.<ref>Thompson, E. A. (1969) "The Goths in Spain". Oxford: Clarendon Press</ref>
* [[Paulinus of York]] flees with Queen [[Æthelburh of Kent|Æthelburga]] and her daughter [[Eanflæd]], age 7, south to [[Kent]], where he is made [[bishop of Rochester]]. Eanflæd grows up under the protection of her uncle, King [[Eadbald of Kent]].{{sfn|Bede Book II|loc=[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/bede-book2.html Chapter&nbsp;XX]}}</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[Clovis II]], king of [[Neustria]] and [[Kingdom of Burgundy|Burgundy]]
* [[Jamadevi]], queen of [[Hariphunchai]] ([[Thailand]]) (approximate date)
* [[Wilfrid]], Anglo-Saxon [[bishop]] (approximate date)

== Deaths ==
* [[October 12]]  or [[632]] &ndash; [[Edwin of Northumbria|Edwin]], king of [[Northumbria]]
* [[Osric of Deira|Osric]], king of [[Deira]] (approximate date)
* [[Suintila]], king of the [[Visigoths]] (approximate date)
* [[Dai Zhou]], chancellor of the [[Tang dynasty]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

=== Sources ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web |last=Bede |author-link=Bede |title=Book II |work=[[Ecclesiastical History of the English People]] |publisher=Internet History Sourcebooks Project |url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/bede-book2.html |ref={{harvid|Bede Book&nbsp;II}}}}
* {{cite web |last=Bede |title=Book III |work=[[Ecclesiastical History of the English People]] |publisher=Internet History Sourcebooks Project |url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/bede-book3.html |ref={{harvid|Bede Book&nbsp;III}}}}
* {{cite book |last=al-Tabari |author-link=al-Tabari |title=[[History of the Prophets and Kings]] |volume=2 |ref={{harvid|al-Tabari Vol.&nbsp;2}}}}{{full citation needed|date=July 2021|reason=not clear which edition was meant by "Tabari: Vol. 2, p. 562", see the linked History article for possibilities}}
{{refend}}


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