Editing 554

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[[File:Atanagildo-rey-visigodo.png|thumb|right|King [[Athanagild]] (554–567)]]
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Year '''554''' ('''[[Roman numerals|DLIV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Thursday]] of the [[Julian calendar]]. The denomination 554 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===
==== Byzantine Empire ====
* [[August 13]] &ndash; Byzantine Emperor [[Justinian I]] issues [[Pragmatic Sanction of Justinian I|a pragmatic sanction]] reorganizing Italy, and rewards the praetorian prefect [[Liberius (praetorian prefect)|Liberius]] for over 60 years of distinguished service, granting him extensive [[Estate (land)|estate]]s in Italy.<ref>{{cite book|author-link=James J. O'Donnell|first=James|last=O'Donnell|title=Liberius|page=69}}</ref>
* [[August 15]] &ndash; The [[554 Anatolia earthquake]] takes place in the southwest coasts of [[Anatolia]] (Asia Minor). It affects the [[Güllük Gulf]] (Mandalya Gulf), and the island of [[Kos]].<ref name="Antonopoulos">Antonopoulos, 1980</ref>
* [[October]] &ndash; [[Battle of the Volturnus (554)|Battle of the Volturnus]]: In the spring Butilinus (Buccelin) has marched north; the Frankish army (infected by an [[epidemic]] of [[dysentery]] which kills their leader Leutharis (Lothair)) is reduced to about 30,000 men. The [[Byzantine army]], with 18,000 men (including a contingent of [[Goths]] under [[Aligern]]), marches south to meet them at [[Casilinum]] (on the banks of the [[Volturno|River Volturno]]). Byzantine eunuch general [[Narses]] sends a cavalry force under [[Chanaranges (Italy)|Chanaranges]] to destroy the supply wagons of the [[Franks]]. Outmanoeuvring Butilinus, he chooses a disposition similar to that at [[Battle of Taginae|Taginae]]. After a [[frontal assault]] on the Byzantine centre, the Franks and the [[Alamanni]] are annihilated, thus effectively ending the [[Gothic War (535–554)]]. Narses garrisons an army of 16,000 men in [[Italy]]. The recovery of the [[Italian Peninsula]] has cost the empire about 300,000 pounds of gold.<ref>{{cite book|author-link=John Julius Norwich|first=John Julius|last=Norwich|title=Byzantium: The Early Centuries|page=233}}</ref>

==== Europe ====
* Byzantine forces under Liberius seize [[Granada]] ([[Andalusia]]) and occupy the old province of [[Hispania Baetica|Baetica]]. Justinian I calls [[Belisarius]] out of retirement, to complete the consolidation of reconquered regions of Southern [[Spain]].
* [[Athanagild]] is crowned as king of the [[Visigoths]] and succeeds [[Agila I]]. He acknowledges the [[suzerainty]] of the [[Byzantine Empire]].

==== Asia ====
* [[Al-Mundhir III ibn al-Nu'man]] is defeated and killed by the [[Ghassanids]] under [[al-Harith ibn Jabalah]], at the battle of [[Yawm Halima]]; [['Amr III ibn al-Mundhir]] succeeds as king of the [[Lakhmids]].
* [[Baekje]] and the [[Gaya Confederacy]] wage war upon [[Silla]], one of the [[Three Kingdoms of Korea]], but are defeated.
* [[Wideok of Baekje|Wideok]] becomes king of the Korean kingdom of [[Baekje]].<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Rulers of Korea |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/koru/hd_koru.htm |website=www.metmuseum.org |access-date=21 April 2019}}</ref>
* [[Muqan Qaghan]] succeeds his brother [[Issik Qaghan]] as emperor (''[[khagan]]'') of the [[Göktürks]]. 
* The second and larger of the two [[Buddhas of Bamyan]] is erected in central [[Afghanistan]].<ref>[[Roger Cohen|Cohen, Roger]]. "Return to Bamiyan", ''The New York Times'', October 29, 2007. Accessed October 29, 2007.</ref>

==== China ====
* [[Emperor Gong of Western Wei|Gong Di]] succeeds his brother [[Emperor Fei of Western Wei|Fei Di]] as emperor of [[Western Wei]]. He is deposed by general [[Yuwen Tai]] who puts him to death.
* Siege and Fall of Jiangling: The Western Wei forces launched a military campaign against the Liang dynasty, targeting Jiangling, the Liang capital.
* After a protracted siege, Jiangling fell to the Western Wei army.
* Emperor Yuan of Liang (Xiao Yi) was captured during this assault and was subsequently executed.
* Mass Enslavement and Destruction: Following the capture of Jiangling, the city faced extensive looting and destruction. Historical records indicate that a large portion of the population was either killed or enslaved. The fall of Jiangling significantly weakened the Liang dynasty, leading to further internal strife and fragmentation. Power vacuums emerged, causing shifts in control among the remaining regional powers.  
* [[Wei Shou]] completes compilation of the ''[[Book of Wei]]''.

=== By topic ===
==== Religion ====
* [[Cassiodorus]], Roman statesman, founds the [[Cassiodorus#|Monastery at Vivarium]] (approximate date).<ref>Jean Leclerq, ''"The Love of Learning and the Desire for God"'', 2nd revised edition (New York: Fordham, Fordham University Press, (1977), p. 25</ref>
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
*''exact date unknown''
**[[Emperor Fei of Chen|Fei]] (Chen Bozong), emperor of the [[Chen dynasty]] (d. [[570]])
**[[Empress Suiko|Suiko]], empress of [[Japan]] (d. [[628]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Encyclopaedia Britannica, inc|title=The New Encyclopaedia Britannica|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a_QpAQAAMAAJ|year=1998|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica|isbn=9780852296639 }}</ref>
*''probable'' [[Wendelin of Trier]], Germanic [[hermit]] and [[abbot]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Richard Willing Wentz|title=Record of the Descendants of Johann Jost Wentz|url=https://archive.org/details/recorddescendan00wentgoog|year=1884|publisher=Binghamton daily republican}}</ref>

== Deaths ==
*March - [[Agila I]], king of the [[Visigoths]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Warren T. Treadgold|title=A History of the Byzantine State and Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nYbnr5XVbzUC&pg=PA211|date=October 1997|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-0-8047-2630-6|pages=211–}}</ref>
*''exact date unknown''
**[[Al-Mundhir III ibn al-Nu'man]], king of the [[Lakhmids]] ([[Iraq]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Glen Warren Bowersock|author2=Peter Brown|author3=Oleg Grabar|title=Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World|url=https://archive.org/details/lateantiquitygui00bowe|url-access=registration|year=1999|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-51173-6|pages=[https://archive.org/details/lateantiquitygui00bowe/page/536 536]–}}</ref> 
**[[Emperor Fei of Western Wei|Fei Di]] (Yuan Qin), emperor of [[Western Wei]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Victor Cunrui Xiong|title=Historical Dictionary of Medieval China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UD8Nvn7Ca18C&pg=PA643|year=2009|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-8108-6053-7|pages=643–}}</ref>
**[[Mihr-Mihroe|Mermeroes]], [[Sassanid Empire|Persian]] general<ref>{{cite book|author=Henry Fynes Clinton|title=An Epitome of the Civil and Literary Chronology of Rome and Constantinople: From the Death of Augustus to the Death of Heraclius|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_LzMLAAAAYAAJ|year=1853|publisher=University Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_LzMLAAAAYAAJ/page/n238 235]–}}</ref>
**[[Seong of Baekje|Seong]], king of [[Baekje]] ([[Korea]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=차용걸|author2=조순흠|author3=한국성곽학회|title=삼년산성|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zIURAQAAMAAJ|year=2008|publisher=충청북도|isbn=9788996173212 }}</ref>
*''probable''
**[[Liberius (praetorian prefect)|Liberius]], Roman aristocrat<ref>{{cite book|author=Patrick Amory|title=People and Identity in Ostrogothic Italy, 489-554|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ndeDi_fwq0C&pg=PA159|date=16 October 2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-52635-7|pages=159–}}</ref>
**[[Empress Yuwen|Yuwen]], empress of Western Wei

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{citation | last1=Antonopoulos | first1= J. | title=''Data from investigation of seismic Sea waves events in the Eastern Mediterranean from 500 to 1000 A.D.'' | year=1980 | publisher=Annals of Geophysics | url =https://www.annalsofgeophysics.eu/index.php/annals/article/viewFile/4702/4786}}

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