Editing 549

{{short description|Calendar year}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|549}}
{{Year nav|549}}
{{M1 year in topic}}
[[File:Grondplan Circus Maximus.jpg|thumb|right|259px|The [[Circus Maximus]] in [[Rome]] (1911)]] 
__NOTOC__
Year '''549''' ('''[[Roman numerals|DXLIX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Friday]] of the [[Julian calendar]]. The denomination 549 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===
==== Byzantine Empire ====
* [[Siege of Rome (549-550)|Siege of Rome]]: The [[Ostrogoths]] under [[Totila]] besiege [[Rome]] for the third time, after [[Belisarius]] has returned to [[Constantinople]]. He offers a peace agreement, but this is rejected by Emperor [[Justinian I]].
* Totila conquers the city of [[Perugia]] ([[Central Italy]]) and stations a [[Goths|Gothic]] garrison. He takes bishop [[Herculanus of Perugia|Herculanus]] prisoner, and orders him to be completely [[Flaying|flayed]]. The Ostrogoth soldier asked to perform this gruesome execution shows pity, and [[Decapitation|decapitates]] Herculanus before the [[skin]] on every part of his body is removed.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20191229085435/http://www.saintpatrickdc.org/ss/1107.shtml#herc Saint of the Day, November 7: Herculanus of Perugia], archived by ''[[Wayback Machine]]''</ref> 
* In the [[Circus Maximus]], first and largest [[Circus (building)|circus]] in Rome, the last [[chariot racing|chariot races]] are held.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Ruin of the Roman Empire |last=O'Donnell |first=James |year=2008 |publisher=HarperCollins |location=New York |isbn=978-0-06-078737-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/ruinofromanempir00odon/page/266 266] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/ruinofromanempir00odon/page/266 }}</ref>

==== Europe ====
* [[January]] - Battle of Ciiil Conaire, Ireland: [[Ailill Inbanda]] and his brother are defeated and killed.<ref name="Charles-Edwards2006">{{cite book|author=T. M. Charles-Edwards|title=The Chronicle of Ireland: Introduction, text|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k-zb0polW4wC&pg=PA99|year=2006|publisher=Liverpool University Press|isbn=978-0-85323-959-8|pages=99–}}</ref>
* [[Agila I]] succeeds [[Theudigisel]] as king of the [[Visigoths]], after he is murdered by a group of conspirators during a [[banquet]] in [[Seville]].<ref>Isidore of Seville, ''[[Historia de regibus Gothorum, Vandalorum et Suevorum]]'', chapter 44. Translation by Guido Donini and Gordon B. Ford, ''Isidore of Seville's History of the Goths, Vandals, and Suevi'', second revised edition (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1970), p.21</ref>

==== Persia ====
* Spring &ndash; [[Lazic War]]: The [[Byzantine army]] under [[Bessas (magister militum)|Bessas]] combines forces with King [[Gubazes II of Lazica|Gubazes II]], and defeats the [[Sassanid Empire|Persians]] in [[Lazica]] (modern [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]) in a surprise attack. The survivors retreat into [[Kingdom of Iberia (antiquity)|Caucasian Iberia]].<ref>{{harvnb|Martindale|Jones|Morris|1992|pp=381–382}}</ref>
** The Romans unsuccessfully [[Siege of Petra (549)|besiege Petra, Lazica]].

==== Asia ====
* [[Emperor Jianwen of Liang|Jianwen Di]] succeeds his father [[Emperor Wu of Liang|Wu Di]] as emperor of the [[Liang Dynasty]] ([[China]]).

=== By topic ===
==== Religion ====
* c. 549&ndash;[[564]] &ndash; Transfiguration of [[Christ]], mosaic in the apse, Church of the Virgin, [[Saint Catherine's Monastery]] in [[Egypt]], is made.
* [[Fifth Council of Orléans]]: Nine [[archbishop]]s and forty-one [[bishop]]s pronounce an [[anathema]] against the errors of [[Nestorius]] and [[Eutyches]].<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11318a.htm Council of Orléans] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921221138/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11318a.htm |date=September 21, 2012 }} at the ''[[Catholic Encyclopedia]]''</ref> 
* Bishop [[Maximianus of Ravenna]] consecrates the [[Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe]].
* The [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Ossory]] (which still exists) is founded in [[Ireland]].
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
*[[Abū Lahab]], uncle and staunch critic of        [[Muhammad]] (d. [[619|624]])
* [[Jizang]], Chinese [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] monk (d. [[623]])

== Deaths ==
* January &ndash; [[Ailill Inbanda]], king of [[Connacht]] ([[Ireland]]) (killed in battle)<ref name="Charles-Edwards2006"/>
* [[February 16]] &ndash; [[Zhu Yi (Liang dynasty)|Zhu Yi]], official of the [[Liang dynasty]] (b. [[483]])
* [[December 12]] &ndash; [[Finnian of Clonard]], [[Celtic Christianity|Irish monastic]] saint (b. [[470]])
*''exact date unknown''
**[[Ciarán of Clonmacnoise]], Irish monastic saint<ref>{{cite book|author=P.W. Joyce|title=A Concise History of Ireland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wZ9aDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT97|date=22 March 2018|publisher=Charles River Editors|isbn=978-1-61430-701-3|pages=97}}{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
**[[Gao Cheng]], official and [[regent]] of [[Eastern Wei]] (b. [[521]])<ref>{{cite book|title=Ancient and Early Medieval Chinese Literature (vol.3 & 4): A Reference Guide, Part Three & Four|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OWLPBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1697|date=22 September 2014|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-27185-2|pages=1697}}</ref>
**[[Herculanus of Perugia|Herculanus]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Perugia-Città della Pieve|bishop of Perugia]]<ref name="Welch2015">{{cite book|author=Anna Welch|title=Liturgy, Books and Franciscan Identity in Medieval Umbria|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=76u8CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA188|date=15 October 2015|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-30467-3|pages=188}}</ref>
**[[Theudigisel]], king of the [[Visigoths]] (assassinated)<ref name="Wolf1999">{{cite book|author=Kenneth Baxter Wolf|authorlink=Kenneth Baxter Wolf|title=Conquerors and Chroniclers of Early Medieval Spain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5B05kwHFOnMC&pg=PA99|year=1999|publisher=Liverpool University Press|isbn=978-0-85323-554-5|pages=99}}</ref>
**[[Túathal Máelgarb]], king of [[Hill of Tara|Tara]] (Ireland)<ref>{{cite book|author=Pádraig Ó Riain|title=Corpus genealogiarum sanctorum Hiberniae|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ScbAAAAYAAJ|year=1985|publisher=Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies|isbn=9780901282804}}</ref>
**[[Emperor Wu of Liang|Wu Di]], emperor of the Liang dynasty (b. [[464]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Peter Connolly|author2=John Gillingham|author3=John Lazenby|title=The Hutchinson Dictionary of Ancient and Medieval Warfare|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aLYoDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA191|date=13 May 2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-93674-7|pages=191}}</ref>
**[[Xiao Zhengde]], prince of the Liang dynasty<ref>{{cite book|title=Ancient and Early Medieval Chinese Literature (vol.3 & 4): A Reference Guide, Part Three & Four|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OWLPBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1552|date=22 September 2014|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-27185-2|pages=1552}}</ref>
**[[Princess Xu Zhaopei|Xu Zhaopei]], princess of the Liang dynasty<ref>{{cite book|title=Wanton Women in Late-Imperial Chinese Literature: Models, Genres, Subversions and Traditions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EUC9DgAAQBAJ&pg=PA36|date=27 March 2017|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-34062-6|pages=36}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
;Bibliography
*{{cite book|editor1-last=Martindale|editor1-first=John Robert|editor2-last=Jones|editor2-first=Arnold Hugh Martin|editor3-last=Morris|editor3-first=J.|title=The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Volume III: A.D. 527–641|year=1992|location=Cambridge, United Kingdom|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-20160-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ElkwedRWCXkC}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:549}}
[[Category:549| ]]