Editing 499

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Year '''499''' ('''[[Roman numerals|CDXCIX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Friday]] of the [[Julian calendar]]. At the time, it was known as the '''Year of the Consulship of [[John the Hunchback|Iohannes]] without colleague''' (or, less frequently, '''year 1252 ''[[Ab urbe condita]]'''''). The denomination 499 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

== Events ==
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=== By place ===
==== China ====
* [[April 26]] &ndash; [[Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei]] dies of [[starvation]]{{citation needed|date=September 2012}} in his capital at [[Luoyang]], after a 27-year reign in which he has [[Sinicization|Sinicized]] his tribal relatives ([[Tuoba]] clan), created a Chinese-style government and instituted a [[Equal-field system|land-reform program]]. 
* Crown prince [[Emperor Xuanwu of Northern Wei|Xuan Wu Di]], age 16, succeeds his father Xiaowen and becomes emperor of [[Northern Wei]]. He appoints his uncle [[Yuan Xie]] provincial [[governor]], who serves temporarily as [[Regency (government)|regent]] to form a new government.

==== Middle East ====
* [[September]] &ndash; The [[499 Nicopolis earthquake]] takes place in the borders between the regions of [[Mesopotamia]], [[Pontus (region)|Pontus]], and [[Roman Armenia]]. It affects the cities of [[Nicopolis (Armenia)|Nicopolis]], Neocaesarea (modern [[Niksar]]), [[Arsamosata]], and Abarne, as well as the cultural areas of [[Anatolia]] (Asia Minor) and Mesopotamia.<ref name="Guidoboni">Guidoboni, Traina, 1995</ref>

=== By topic ===
==== Religion ====
* [[March 1]] &ndash; During a [[synod]] in [[Rome]], which is attended by 72 [[bishop]]s and all of the Roman clergy, [[Pope Symmachus]] makes [[Antipope Laurentius]] bishop of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Nocera Inferiore-Sarno|diocese of Nocera]] in [[Campania]].
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==== Major wars and battles in Europe ====
In 499, the Bulgars cross the Danube and reach Thrace where, on the banks of the river Tzurta (considered a tributary of Maritsa), they defeat a 15,000 men strong Roman army, led by magister militum Aristus. Often overlooked due to the Battle of Ongal (180 years later), the 499-500 AD events demonstrate not only the strength and ambition of the Bulgars to rule over the lower Danube and South-East European lands, but also that their origins historically date back to the late antiquity and not the early medieval ages as is often considered.

==== Mathematics ====
* Indian mathematician [[Aryabhata]] writes his magnum opus, the ''[[Āryabhaṭīya]]''.

== Births ==
* [[Ingund]], queen of the [[Franks]] (approximate date)
* [[Ly Thien Bao]], emperor of [[Vietnam]] (d. [[555]])
* [[Maximianus of Ravenna|Maximianus]], [[bishop of Ravenna]] (d. [[556]])

== Deaths ==
* [[April 26]] &ndash; [[Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei]], emperor of Northern Wei (b. [[467]])
* [[Empress Feng Run|Feng Run]], Chinese empress of [[Northern Wei]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{citation | last1=Guidoboni | first1= Emanuela | last2=Traina | first2= Giusto| title=''A new catalogue of earthquakes in the historical Armenian area from antiquity to the 12th century'' | year=1995 | journal=Annals of Geophysics | volume= 38 | doi= 10.4401/ag-4134 | url =https://www.annalsofgeophysics.eu/index.php/annals/article/view/4134| doi-access=free }}

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