Editing 44 BC

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{Year nav|-44}}
{{BC year in topic|44}}
[[File:Extent_of_the_Roman_Republic_and_the_Roman_Empire_between_218_BC_and_117_AD.png|thumb|The Roman empire in 44 BC (in dark and light red and orange)]]
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Year '''44 BC''' was either a [[common year]] starting on Sunday, common year starting on Monday, [[leap year]] starting on Friday, or leap year starting on Saturday. (the sources differ, see [[Julian calendar#Leap year error|leap year error]] for further information) and a [[common year starting on Sunday]] of the [[Proleptic Julian calendar]]. At the time, it was known as the '''Year of the Consulship of [[Julius Caesar]] V and [[Marc Antony]]''' (or, less frequently, '''year 710 ''[[Ab urbe condita]]'''''). The denomination 44 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

44 BC is well known as in the year Julius Caesar was assassinated (March 15).

== Events ==
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=== By place ===
==== Roman Republic ====
* [[Consul]]s: [[Julius Caesar|Gaius Julius Caesar]] and [[Mark Antony]].
* February &ndash; [[Rome]] celebrates the festival of the [[Lupercal]]. Mark Antony twice presents [[Julius Caesar|Caesar]] with a [[Monarchy|royal]] [[Diadem (personal wear)|diadem]], urging him to take it and declare himself king. He refuses this offer and orders the [[crown (headgear)|crown]] to be placed in the [[Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus|Temple of Jupiter]].
* [[March 15]] (the ''[[Ides of March]]'') &ndash; Julius Caesar, [[Roman dictator|dictator]] of [[Ancient Rome|Rome]], is [[Assassination of Julius Caesar|assassinated]] by a group of [[Roman Senate|senators]], amongst them [[Gaius Cassius Longinus]], [[Marcus Junius Brutus the Younger|Marcus Junius Brutus]], and Caesar's [[Marseille|Massilia]]n naval commander, [[Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus|Decimus Brutus]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Strauss |first=Barry S. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/883147929 |title=The death of Caesar : the story of history's most famous assassination |date=2015 |isbn=978-1-4516-6879-7 |edition= |location=New York |pages=114 |oclc=883147929}}</ref>
* [[March 20]] &ndash; Caesar's funeral is held. Marcus Antony gives a [[eulogy]] and in his speech he makes accusations of [[murder]] and ensures a permanent breach with the [[Assassination of Julius Caesar|conspirators]] against Caesar. He snatches Caesar's bloody tunic and purple [[toga]] to show the crowd the stab wounds; the citizens tear apart the [[Roman Forum|forum]] and cremate their Caesar on a makeshift [[pyre]]. Antony becomes the highest ranking politician in Rome.
* April &ndash; [[Augustus|Octavian]] returns from [[Apollonia (Illyria)|Apollonia]] in [[Dalmatia]] to [[Rome]] to take up Caesar's inheritance, against advice from [[Atia (mother of Augustus)|Atia]] (his mother and [[Julius Caesar|Caesar]]'s niece) and [[consul]] Antony.
* [[April 18]]&ndash;[[April 21]] &ndash; Octavian engages in a [[wikt:charm offensive|charm offensive]] with consular [[Cicero]] who is fulminating against [[Mark Antony]].
* June &ndash; Antony is granted a five-year governorship of northern and central [[Transalpine Gaul]] ([[France]]) and [[Cisalpine Gaul]] (Northern [[Italy]]). 
* [[September 2]]
** [[Pharaoh]] [[Cleopatra VII of Egypt]] declares her son co-ruler as [[Caesarion|Ptolemy XV Caesarion]].<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Caesarion |encyclopedia=[[World History Encyclopedia]] |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/caesarion/ |access-date=29 August 2020 |last=King |first=Arienne}}</ref>
** The first of Cicero's ''[[Philippicae]]'' (oratorical attacks) on Antony is published. He will make 14 of them over the next several months.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=ARENA |first=VALENTINA |title=Invocation to Liberty and Invective of "Dominatus" at the End of the Roman Republic |date=2007 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43646694 |journal=Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies |volume=50 |pages=49–73 |doi=10.1111/j.2041-5370.2007.tb00264.x |jstor=43646694 |issn=0076-0730}}</ref>
* December &ndash; Antony besieges [[Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus|Brutus Albinus]] in [[Mutina]] (Modena), with [[Augustus|Octavian]], an ally of Decimus, who is one of his uncle's assassins, close by.

==== Europe ====
* [[Comosicus]] succeeds [[Burebista]] as king of [[Dacia]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pippidi |first=D. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LAMcAAAAMAAJ |title=Dictionar de istorie veche a României: (paleolitic-sec.X) |date=1976 |publisher=Editura științifică și enciclopedică |pages=116–117 |language=ro}}</ref>
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== Births ==
* [[Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso (consul 7 BC)|Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso]], Roman statesman and governor (d. [[20 AD]])

== Deaths ==
* [[March 15]] &ndash; [[Julius Caesar]], Roman politician and general (assassinated in the [[Theatre of Pompey]])<ref name=leglay>{{cite book | title=A History of Rome | edition=Second | first1=Marcel | last1=LeGlay | first2=Jean-Louis | last2=Voisin | first3=Yann | last3=Le Bohec | page=129 | publisher=Blackwell | place=Malden, Massachusetts | year=2001 | isbn=0-631-21858-0}}</ref> (b. [[100 BC]])
* [[July 26]] &ndash; [[Ptolemy XIV of Egypt|Ptolemy XIV]], king ([[pharaoh]]) of [[Ptolemaic Kingdom|Egypt]] (approximate date)
* [[Burebista]], Thracian king of the [[Getae]] and [[Dacians|Dacian]] tribes
* [[Lucius Caninius Gallus (tribune 56 BC)|Lucius Caninius Gallus]], Roman politician
* [[Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus (consul 79 BC)|Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus]], Roman consul
* [[Publius Sittius]], Roman Mercenary commander

== References ==
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[[Category:44 BC| ]]