Editing 441

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|441}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2017}}
{{Year nav|441}}
{{M1 year in topic}}
[[File:YazdII.jpg|thumb|King [[Yazdegerd II]] (438–457)]]
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Year '''441''' ('''[[Roman numerals|CDXLI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Wednesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]]. At the time, it was known as the '''Year of the Consulship of [[Cyrus of Panopolis|Seleucus]] without colleague''' (or, less frequently, '''year 1194 ''[[Ab urbe condita]]'''''). The denomination 441 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Byzantium ====
* [[Chrysaphius]], chief minister, persuades Emperor [[Theodosius II]] at [[Constantinople]] to dismiss his sister [[Pulcheria]], for her policy of exiling the [[Jews]], and destroying their [[synagogue]]s.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Elton |first=Hugh |title=The Roman Empire in Late Antiquity: A Political and Military History |date=2018 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-89931-4 |location=Cambridge |pages=151–194 |chapter=The Early Fifth Century, 395–455 |doi=10.1017/9781139030236 |chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/roman-empire-in-late-antiquity/early-fifth-century-395455/6212FF897B68BB3AF29228F08ECFD4D1}}</ref>
* Theodosius II sends the Eastern imperial fleet, under the command of the Romano-Goth [[Areobindus (consul 434)|Areobindus]], into [[Sicily|Sicilian]] waters, taking the [[Vandals]] by surprise.
* Pulcheria leaves for the seaport [[Bakırköy|Hebdomon]] ([[Turkey]]), and becomes a [[nun]] to support [[Nestorianism]] in the [[Holy Land]] ([[Palestine (region)|Palestine]]).
* The [[Huns]], led by [[Attila]], attack [[Constanţa]] (modern [[Romania]]), one of the few remaining Roman [[Castra|fort]]s on the northern bank of the [[Danube]], and designated as a secure [[trading post]]. On a crowded [[Market (place)|market]] day, the Huns take the town by surprise and slaughter the [[garrison]].<ref>The End of Empire. Christopher Kelly, 2009. {{ISBN|978-0-393-33849-2}}</ref>

==== Europe====
* German [[Anglo-Saxons|Saxons]] establish themselves at the mouth of the [[River Thames|Thames River]]. After a period of peace, [[Vortimer]] (son of king [[Vortigern]]), defeats the [[Saxons]] in four battles in [[Kent]] (according to the ''[[Anglo-Saxon Chronicle]]'').
* King [[Hermeric]] dies after a two-year illness; he is succeeded by his son [[Rechila]], who becomes sole ruler over the [[Suebic Kingdom of Galicia]].
* Rechila invades [[Hispania Baetica|Baetica]] and conquers the capital [[Seville]]. The [[Roman Empire|Romans]] are driven from the [[Iberian Peninsula]] with the exception of the [[Levante, Spain|Levante]].{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}
* [[November 8]] &ndash; The [[first Council of Orange]] is convened under the guidance of [[Hilary of Arles]] in [[Orange, France|Orange]] ([[France]]).

==== Persia ====
* King [[Yazdegerd II]] of [[Sassanid Empire|Persia]] signs a [[peace treaty]] after a short war with the [[Eastern Roman Empire]]. Theodosius II sends his commander, [[Anatolius (consul)|Anatolius]], to conclude his terms and promise not to build any new [[fortification]]s along the border territories.

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* [[Domnus II of Antioch|Domnus II]] succeeds his uncle [[John I of Antioch|John]] as [[List of Patriarchs of Antioch|Patriarch of Antioch]].</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[Shen Yue]], Chinese [[historian]] and statesman (d. [[513]])

== Deaths ==
* [[Hermeric]], king of the [[Suebi]]
* [[John I of Antioch|John]], [[List of Patriarchs of Antioch|Patriarch of Antioch]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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