Editing 43 BC

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{Year nav|-43}}
{{BC year in topic|43}}
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Year '''43 BC''' was either a [[common year starting on Sunday]], [[Common year starting on Monday|Monday]] or [[Common year starting on Tuesday|Tuesday]] or a [[leap year starting on Sunday]] or [[Leap year starting on Monday|Monday]] of the [[Julian calendar]] (the sources differ, see [[Julian calendar#Leap year error|leap year error]] for further information) and a [[common year starting on Monday]] of the [[Proleptic Julian calendar]]. At the time, it was known as the '''Year of the Consulship of Pansa and Hirtius''' (or, less frequently, '''year 711 ''[[Ab urbe condita]]'''''). The denomination 43 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Roman Republic ====
* [[Roman consul|Consuls]]: [[Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus]] and [[Aulus Hirtius]]. The [[Roman Senate]] confirms [[Augustus|Octavian]] as [[propraetor]] with joint responsibility for the campaign against Antony. Hirtius and Octavian mobilize [[troops]] for the march to [[Modena|Mutina]], while Pansa continues the [[Conscription|levy]]. Embassy dispatched to treat with Antony.
* [[January 7]] – [[Augustus|Octavian]] is given ''[[imperium]]'', marking the start of his public career.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Fishwick |first=Duncan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Ox5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250 |title=The Imperial Cult in the Latin West III, Part 3 |date=2004 |publisher=Brill |isbn=9789047412762 |page=250}}</ref>
* [[Marcus Junius Brutus]] proceeds to secure his position in [[Thrace]] and [[Macedonia (Roman province)|Macedonia]]. [[Gaius Cassius Longinus]] campaigns in [[Syria]] and defeats the army of [[Publius Cornelius Dolabella (consul 44 BC)|Publius Cornelius Dolabella]] at [[Latakia|Laodicea]].
* March – Vibius Pansa set out to link up with Hirtius and Octavian, bringing four [[Roman legion|legions]] of [[Army recruit|recruits]], having left one, the ''legio urbana'', to defend [[Rome]].
* [[April 14]] – [[Battle of Forum Gallorum]]: [[Mark Antony]], besieging [[Julius Caesar|Caesar]]'s assassin [[Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus|Decimus Brutus Albinus]] in [[Mutina]], defeats the forces of the consul [[Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus|Pansa]], but is then immediately defeated by the army of the other consul, [[Hirtius]]. Both consuls are killed (Hirtius does not die until after the [[Battle of Mutina]]).
* [[April 16]] – Octavian is first proclaimed ''[[imperator]]'' by his troops.<ref name=":0" />
* [[April 21]]
** [[Cicero]]'s 14th and last ''[[Philippicae|Philippic]]''.
** Antony is again defeated in the [[Battle of Mutina]] by a coalition of [[Augustus|Octavian]], [[Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus|Decimus Brutus]], and the two consuls of the year. 
* Antony marches to [[Parma]] (which is sacked) and [[Piacenza|Placentia]]. He then crosses the [[Ligurian Alps]] to [[Vada Sabatia]], {{convert|50|km|0|abbr=on}} south-west of [[Genoa]], and joins with [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (triumvir)|Aemilius Lepidus]], soon after Decimus Brutus is killed by [[brigands]]. The Senate declares Antony a [[Hostis humani generis|hostis]], an enemy of the state. [[Sextus Pompey]] becomes supreme commander of the [[Roman navy]] and Gaius Cassius [[proconsul]] of [[Syria (Roman province)|Syria]].
* Summer &ndash; Gaius Cassius captures [[Rhodes]] after they refuse to pay [[tribute]]. Their fleet is defeated by [[Galley#Roman Imperial era|Roman galleys]] in the [[Aegean Sea]]. He lands a military force on the island and plunders the city. Cassius puts to death 50 of the leading citizens and seizes all the gold he can lay hands on.<ref>Warfare in the Classical World, John Warry (1980), p. 177. {{ISBN|0-8061-2794-5}}</ref> 
* July–August – Antony is again at the head of a large army; Octavian enters [[Rome]] in force without opposition. It is clear that Cicero's plan to divide them against each other has failed.
* [[August 19]] – [[Augustus|Octavian]] takes office as [[consul]]. He's prevailed to pass the ''lex Pedia'', a law establishing the murder of Caesar as a capital crime.
* [[November 26]] – Octavian meets Antony and [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (triumvir)|Lepidus]] in [[Bologna|Bononia]] and the three enter into an official five-year autocratic pact, the [[Second Triumvirate]] (see ''[[lex Titia]]''). To cement their reconciliation Octavian agrees to marry [[Claudia (wife of Octavian)|Claudia]], a daughter of Antony's wife [[Fulvia]] by her former husband [[Publius Clodius Pulcher]].
* November – The triumvirs introduce [[proscription]]s in which allegedly 130 senators and 2,000 ''[[Equestrian order|equites]]'' are branded as [[outlaw]]s and deprived of their property.
* [[December 7]] – [[Marcus Tullius Cicero]] is killed in [[Formiae]] in a [[litter (vehicle)|litter]] going to the seaside, by a party led by Herennius (a [[centurion]]) and Popilius (a military [[tribune]]). His head and hands are displayed on the [[Rostra]] in the [[Forum Romanum]].<ref>Haskell, H. J.: ''This was Cicero'' (1964), p. 293</ref>

==== Gaul ====
* [[Lugdunum]] (modern-day [[Lyon]]) is founded.
* First reference to [[Cularo]] ([[Grenoble]]).

==== Asia ====
* According to legend, [[Nagasena]] creates the [[Emerald Buddha]] figurine in [[Patna]], India.
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[March 20]] &ndash; [[Ovid|Publius Ovidius Naso]] ('''Ovid'''), Roman poet (d. [[AD 17]]/[[AD 18|18]])<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ovid-Roman-poet | access-date=February 22, 2024 | title=Ovid | first=Edward John | last=Kenney | series=Encyclopaedia Britannica}}</ref>
* [[Iotapa (daughter of Artavasdes I)|Iotapa]], princess of Media [[Atropatene]] (daughter of [[Artavasdes I of Media Atropatene|Artavasdes I]])
* [[Iullus Antonius]], Roman consul (son of [[Mark Antony]]) (d. [[2 BC]])

== Deaths ==
* [[April 22]] &ndash; [[Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus|Gaius Vibius Pansa]], Roman consul and general (killed in battle)
* [[December 7]] &ndash; [[Cicero]], Roman statesman and orator (murdered) (b. [[106 BC]])<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Cicero | access-date=February 22, 2024 | title=Cicero | first1=John | last1=Ferguson | first2=John P.V. Dacre | last2=Balsdon | series=Encyclopaedia Britannica}}</ref>
* [[Antipater the Idumaean]], Jewish founder of the [[Herodian dynasty]] (murdered)
* [[Atia (mother of Augustus)|Atia]], niece of [[Julius Caesar]] and mother of [[Augustus]] (b. [[85 BC]])
* [[Aulus Hirtius]], Roman consul and historian (killed in battle)
* [[Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus]], Roman statesman (murdered) (b. c. 81 BC) 
* [[Decimus Laberius]], Roman nobleman and [[Latin]] writer (b. c. [[105 BC]])
* [[Gaius Trebonius]], Roman politician (assassin of Julius Caesar) 
* [[Verres|Gaius Verres]], Roman politician and governor (b. c. [[120 BC]])
* [[Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus (consul 58 BC)|Lucius Calpurnius Piso]], Roman consul and governor (b. c. [[100 BC]])
* [[Lucius Minucius Basilus]], Roman politician (assassin of Julius Caesar, murdered by his own slaves)
* [[Lucius Roscius Fabatus]], Roman politician (killed in battle)
* [[Pontius Aquila]], Roman politician (assassin of Julius Caesar)
* [[Publius Cornelius Dolabella (consul 44 BC)|Publius Cornelius Dolabella]], [[suffect consul]] after the [[assassination of Julius Caesar]] (b. [[70 BC]])
* [[Publilius Syrus]], Syrian comic dramatist and Latin writer
* [[Quintus Pedius]], suffect consul after the assassination of Julius Caesar
* [[Quintus Tullius Cicero]], Roman statesman and general (b. [[102 BC]])
* [[Servius Sulpicius Rufus]], Roman politician and [[jurist]] (b. c. 106 BC)

== References ==
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