Editing 431

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Year '''431''' ('''[[Roman numerals|CDXXXI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Thursday]] of the [[Julian calendar]]. At the time, it was known as the '''Year of the Consulship of [[Anicius Auchenius Bassus (consul 431)|Bassus]] and [[Antiochus Chuzon|Antiochus]]''' (or, less frequently, '''year 1184 ''[[Ab urbe condita]]'''''). The denomination 431 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

== Events ==
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=== By place ===
==== Roman Empire ====
* [[Aetius campaign in the Alps]]: [[Flavius Aetius]], Roman general (''[[magister militum]]''), fights the rebellion population in [[Raetia|Rhaetia]] ([[Switzerland]]) and [[Noricum]] ([[Austria]]). He is attested in the city of [[Vindelicia]] (modern [[Augsburg]]), reestablishing Roman rule on the [[Danube]] frontier. 
* Aetius pushes the [[Salian Franks]] back across the [[River Somme]]. King [[Chlodio]] signs a [[peace treaty]] and becomes a ''[[foederati|foederatus]]'' of the [[Western Roman Empire]].{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

==== Africa ====
* [[Hippo Regius]] becomes the capital of the Vandal Kingdom. After 14 months of hunger and disease, the [[Vandals]] ravage the city. Emperor [[Theodosius II]] sends an imperial fleet with an army under command of [[Aspar]], and lands at [[Carthage]].
* Aspar is routed by the Vandals and [[Marcian|Flavius Marcian]], future [[List of Byzantine emperors|Byzantine emperor]], is captured during the fighting. He negotiates a peace with King [[Genseric]] and maintains imperial authority in Carthage.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

==== Central America ====
*[[March 10]] &ndash; [[Kʼukʼ Bahlam I]], the first known ruler of the [[Maya monarchs|Mayan city-state]] of [[Palenque]] what is now the state of [[Chiapas]] in southern [[Mexico]], comes to power and reigns until his death four years later in 435.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mesoweb.com/palenque/resources/rulers/essay/rulers_01001.html |title=Rulers of Palenque |access-date=July 8, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717000522/http://www.mesoweb.com/palenque/resources/rulers/essay/rulers_01001.html |archive-date=July 17, 2012 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
* Possible date of the  [[Tierra Blanca Joven]] (TBJ) eruption of the Ilopango caldera in central El Salvador.

=== By topic ===
==== Arts and Sciences ====
* [[Greek philosophy|Greek]] [[Neoplatonist]] philosopher [[Proclus]] begins studying at the [[Academy]] in [[Athens]].

==== Religion ====
* June &ndash; [[First Council of Ephesus]]: [[Nestorianism]] is rejected, the [[Nicene Creed]] is declared to be complete. [[Nestorius]] is deposed from his [[Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople|see]].
* [[October 1]] &ndash; [[Archbishop Maximianus of Constantinople|Maximianus]] is enthroned as [[Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople|Patriarch of Constantinople]].
* [[Pope Celestine I]] dispatches [[Palladius (bishop of Ireland)|Palladius]] to serve as [[bishop]] to the [[Ireland|Irish]].
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== Births ==
* [[Anastasius I Dicorus|Anastasius I]], emperor of the [[Byzantine Empire]] (approximate date)
* [[Odoacer]], first "[[barbarian]]" king of Italy (d. [[493]])

== Deaths ==
* [[June 22]] &ndash; [[Paulinus of Nola]], Christian [[bishop]] and [[poet]] (b. [[354]])
* [[Qifu Mumo]], prince of the Chinese [[Xianbei]] state [[Western Qin]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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