Editing 413 BC

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{Year nav|-413}}
{{BC year in topic|413}}
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Year '''413 BC''' was a year of the [[Roman calendar|pre-Julian Roman calendar]]. At the time, it was known as the '''Year of the Consulship of Cossus and Medullinus''' (or, less frequently, '''year 341 ''[[Ab urbe condita]]'''''). The denomination 413 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>
=== By place ===

==== Greece ====
* After suffering a defeat in which the [[Athens|Athenian]] commander [[Lamachus]] is killed, [[Demosthenes (general)|Demosthenes]] suggests that they immediately give up the siege of [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]] and return to Athens, where they are needed to defend against a [[Sparta]]n invasion of [[Attica]]. [[Nicias]] refuses, but the Syracusans and Spartans under [[Hermocrates]] are able to trap the Athenians in the harbour and the Athenians sustain heavy losses in the [[Sicilian Expedition|Battle of Syracuse]]. Demosthenes is ambushed by the Syracusans and is forced to surrender. Nicias is soon captured as well, and both are executed, with most of the surviving Athenian soldiers sent to work in the Sicilian quarries. Ten ''[[proboulos]]'' (including [[Sophocles]]) are elected to help run Athens.
* [[Tissaphernes]], the [[Achaemenid Empire|Persian]] [[satrap]] of [[Lydia]] and [[Caria]], forms an alliance with Sparta. The Spartans, with strategic advice from [[Alcibiades]] and limited assistance from the Persians under [[Pharnabazus (5th century BC)|Pharnabazus]], advance almost to the gates of Athens. King [[Agis II]] leads the Spartan force that occupies [[Decelea]] in Attica.
* [[Archelaus I of Macedon|Archelaus I]] becomes King of [[Macedon]]ia following the death of his father, King [[Perdiccas II]]. Archelaus seizes the throne after murdering his uncle, his cousin, and his half brother, the legitimate heir.

=== By topic ===

==== Drama ====
* [[Euripides]]' play ''[[Electra (Euripides play)|Electra]]'' is performed.</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
*

== Deaths ==
* [[Demosthenes (general)|Demosthenes]], [[Athens|Athenian]] general
* [[Nicias]], [[Athens|Athenian]] soldier and statesman (b. [[470 BC]])
* [[Perdiccas II of Macedon|Perdiccas II]], [[Macedon]]ian king

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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[[Category:413 BC| ]]