Editing 40 BC

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{Year nav|-40}}
{{BC year in topic|40}}
__NOTOC__
Year '''40 BC''' was either a [[common year starting on Thursday]], [[Common year starting on Friday|Friday]] or [[Common year starting on Saturday|Saturday]] or a [[leap year starting on Thursday]] or [[Leap year starting on Friday|Friday]] of the [[Julian calendar]] (the sources differ, see [[Julian calendar#Leap year error|leap year error]] for further information) and a [[common year starting on Friday]] of the [[Proleptic Julian calendar]]. At the time, it was known as the '''Year of the Consulship of Calvinus and Pollio''' (or, less frequently, '''year 714 ''[[Ab urbe condita]]'''''). The denomination 40 BC for this year has been used since the early [[Middle Ages|medieval period]], when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in [[Europe]] for naming years.

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Roman Republic ====
* [[Consul]]s: [[Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus]] and [[Gaius Asinius Pollio (consul 40 BC)|Gaius Asinius Pollio]]. 
* [[Siege]] of [[Perusia]]: trying a last attempt to break the siege, which fails; [[Lucius Antonius (brother of Mark Antony)|Lucius Antonius]] surrenders to [[Augustus|Octavian]]. His life is spared, but the [[citizens]] are [[Capital punishment|executed]] or sold into [[slavery]]. [[Fulvia]] flees with her children and is exiled to [[Sicyon]], where she dies of a sudden [[illness]].
* Spring &ndash; [[Quintus Salvidienus Rufus]] marches to [[Transalpine Gaul]] to take command of the eleven [[Roman legion|legions]], after the death of [[Quintus Fufius Calenus]]. Octavian divorces [[Claudia (wife of Octavian)|Claudia]] and marries [[Scribonia (wife of Octavian)|Scribonia]], a sister of [[Lucius Scribonius Libo]] and a follower of [[Sextus]]. 
* May &ndash; [[Gaius Claudius Marcellus (consul 50 BC)|Gaius Claudius Marcellus]], a distinguished member of the [[Claudia gens|Claudii]], dies. He leaves [[Octavia the Younger]] (the elder sister of Octavian) widowed. She will later marry [[Mark Antony]].  
* [[Sextus Pompey]] dispatches [[Menas (freedman)|Menas]] with four legions and captures [[Sardinia]], driving out Octavian's governor [[Marcus Lurius]]. He seizes the capital, [[Caralis]] and occupies [[Corsica]]. Sextus besieges [[Cosenza]] in [[Bruttium]] and [[Thurii]] in [[Lucania]], ravaging the territory with his cavalry.
* Sextus' fleet raids the ports of [[Puteoli]] and [[Ostia Antica|Ostia]]. The populace hold the Triumvirs responsible for prolonging the war, provoking a riot on the [[Roman Forum|Forum]]. Octavian, with the [[Praetorian Guard]], goes to intercept the riot, and only escapes with his life because Antony summons troops to rescue his junior colleague.         
* [[Treaty of Brundisium]]: The [[Triumvirate|Triumvirs]] agrees to divide the [[Roman Republic]] into [[Sphere of influence|spheres of influence]]. [[Augustus|Gaius Octavian]] styles himself "[[Imperator|Imperator Caesar]]" and takes control of the Western provinces. Mark Antony is given the Eastern provinces; the River [[Drin (river)|Drin]], the [[Border|boundary]] between the provinces [[Illyricum (Roman province)|Illyricum]] and [[Macedonia (Roman province)|Macedonia]], is to serve as their frontier. [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (triumvir)|Marcus Aemilius Lepidus]] controls  [[Hispania]] and  [[Africa Province|Africa]]. The treaty is cemented by the marriage of Antony and Octavia the Younger.

=== Asia minor ===
* [[Quintus Labienus]] occupies [[Cilicia]] and marches, with an [[army]], into [[Anatolia]]. Most cities [[surrendered|surrender]] without [[resistance (military)|resistance]], except for [[Alabanda]] and [[Mylasa]]. The Parthians restore their territory to nearly the limits of the old [[Achaemenid Empire]]. Labienus proclaims himself "Parthian Emperor" of [[Asia Minor]].

==== Egypt ====
* Mark Antony leaves [[Alexandria]]. After receiving news of the outcome at Perusia while en route to [[Phoenicia]], he sets sail for [[Italy]] meeting the [[ambassador]]s of Sextus Pompey in [[Athens]].

==== Igodomigodo Kingdom ====
* Ogiso Igodo dissolves the Ik’edionwere Council (western Africa). establishes the Royal Council with members of the disbanded Ik’edionwere Council and the Odibo-Ogiso group. He names his combined territories, [[Igodomigodo]] with its capital at Ugbekun.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.edoaffairs.com/igodomigodo-meaning-story | title=IGODOMIGODO: Meaning and Story Behind Igodomigodo | date=August 26, 2019 }}</ref>

==== Greece ====
* [[Athenodorus Cananites|Athenodorus]], a philosopher, encounters a [[Ghosts in European culture|ghost]] in Athens.  This popular story is one of the first [[poltergeist]] stories in history.

==== Parthia ====
* [[Pacorus I of Parthia|Pacorus]] crosses, with the help of [[Quintus Labienus]], the [[Euphrates]] and invades  [[Syria]]. The capital [[Antioch]] surrenders, and the Parthians take Phoenicia and Judea. However, they cannot besiege the fortified city of [[Tyre, Lebanon|Tyre]], because they have no fleet. 
* [[Parthian Empire|Parthians]] conquer [[Jerusalem]]. [[Hyrcanus II]] is removed from power, while [[Antigonus the Hasmonean]] becomes king of Judea under Parthian rule. [[Herod the Great]] flees [[Jerusalem]] to [[Rome]]. There he is titled king of [[Judea]] by Mark Antony.

==== China ====
* The ''Ji Jiu Pian'' dictionary, published about this year during the [[Han dynasty]], is the earliest known reference to the [[hydraulic]]-powered [[trip hammer]] device.
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[Ariobarzanes II of Atropatene|Ariobarzanes II]], Roman client king of [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Armenia]] (d. [[4 AD]])
* [[Cleopatra Selene II|Cleopatra Selene]] (d. [[AD 6]]) and [[Alexander Helios]] (d. between [[29 BC|29]] and [[25 BC]]), twins of [[Cleopatra VII of Egypt|Cleopatra VII]] and [[Mark Antony]]

== Deaths ==
* [[Fulvia]], wife of [[Publius Clodius Pulcher]] and Mark Antony (b. [[77 BC]])
* [[Gaius Claudius Marcellus (consul 50 BC)|Gaius Claudius Marcellus]], Roman consul (b. [[88 BC]])
* [[Lucius Decidius Saxa]], Roman general and governor
* [[Phasael]], prince of the [[Herodian dynasty]] of [[Judea]]
* [[Quintus Fufius Calenus]], Roman general and consul
* [[Quintus Salvidienus Rufus]], Roman general and advisor
* [[Simeon ben Shetach]], Pharisee scholar and prince (''[[Nasi (Hebrew title)|Nasi]]'')
* [[Tigellius]], Sardinian [[Lyric poetry|lyric poet]] (close friend of [[Julius Caesar]])

== References ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:40 Bc}}
[[Category:40 BC| ]]