Editing 404 BC

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{{BC year in topic|404}}
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Year '''404 BC''' was a year of the [[Roman calendar|pre-Julian Roman calendar]]. At the time, it was known as the '''Year of the Tribunate of Volusus, Cossus, Fidenas, Ambustus, Maluginensis and Rutilus''' (or, less frequently, '''year 350 ''[[Ab urbe condita]]'''''). The denomination 404 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

== Events ==
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=== By place ===
==== Greece ====
* The Athenian leader [[Cleophon (politician)|Cleophon]] continues to urge resistance against the [[Peloponnesia]]ns, but the situation becomes desperate and he is arrested, condemned to death and executed.
* [[Athens]], full of refugees and weakened by plague and [[hunger]], capitulates and the [[Peloponnesian War]] ends.
* [[Theramenes]] secures terms that save the city of Athens from destruction. The [[History of Sparta|Sparta]]ns allow Athens to retain its independence. However, Athens loses all its foreign possessions and what is left of its fleet and is required to become an ally of Sparta. The [[Long Walls]] around Athens are pulled down. Greek towns across the [[Aegean Sea]] in [[Ionia]] are again the subjects of the [[Achaemenid Empire|Persian Empire]].
* The Spartan general, [[Lysander]], puts in place a puppet government in Athens with the establishment of the [[oligarchy]] of the "[[Thirty Tyrants]]" under [[Critias]] and including Theramenes as a leading member. This government executes a number of citizens and deprives all but a few of their rights.
* Many of Athens' former allies are now ruled by boards of ten (decarchy), often reinforced with garrisons under a Spartan commander ([[Harmost]]).
* The Athenian general [[Thrasybulus]] is exiled by the Thirty (the oligarchy of Athens), and he retires to [[Thebes, Greece|Thebes]].
* A split develops between Theramenes and Critias who has Theramenes killed (by drinking poison) on charges of treason.
* Emerging after the Spartan victory at [[Aegospotami]], the former Athenian leader, [[Alcibiades]], takes refuge in [[Phrygia]] in northwestern [[Asia Minor]] with the Persian [[satrap]], [[Pharnabazus (5th century BC)|Pharnabazus]], and seeks their assistance for the Athenians. The Spartans discover his plans and arrange with Pharnabazus to have him assassinated.
* Lysander sails to [[Samos]] and conquers it for Sparta.

==== Egypt ====
* [[Amyrtaeus]] of [[Sais]] successfully leads a revolt against the [[Achaemenid Empire|Persian Empire]]'s control of the [[Egypt]]ian delta. He becomes the first (and only) [[pharaoh]] of the [[Twenty-eighth dynasty of Egypt|Twenty-eighth Dynasty]].

==== Persian Empire ====
* The Persian King [[Darius II of Persia|Darius II]] dies of an illness in [[Babylon]]. He is succeeded by his son [[Artaxerxes II]] (Memnon—'the Mindful').
* Darius II's younger son, [[Cyrus the Younger|Cyrus]], is accused by [[Tissaphernes]], the [[satrap]] of [[Caria]], of plotting his brother Artaxerxes II's murder. On the intercession of Artaxerxes II and Cyrus's mother, [[Parysatis]], however, Cyrus is pardoned and sent back to his satrapy.
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== Births ==
* 

== Deaths ==
* [[Alcibiades]], [[Athens|Athenian]] statesman (b. c. [[450 BC]])
* [[Cleophon (politician)|Cleophon]], Athenian politician and [[demagogue]]
* [[Darius II of Persia|Darius II]] Ochus, King of the Persian Empire
* [[Theramenes]], [[Athens|Athenian]] statesman

== References ==
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[[Category:404 BC| ]]