Editing 332 BC

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{{Year nav|-332}}
{{BC year in topic|332}}
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Year '''332 BC''' was a year of the [[Roman calendar|pre-Julian Roman calendar]]. At the time, it was known as the '''Year of the Consulship of Calvinus and Arvina''' (or, less frequently, '''year 422 ''[[Ab urbe condita]]'''''). The denomination 332 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

== Events ==
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=== By place ===
==== Persian Empire ====
* The [[Achaemenid Empire|Persian]] King [[Darius III]] twice sends on horseback to Alexander letters of [[friendship]]. The second time he offers a large ransom for his family, the ceding of all of the Persian Empire west of the [[Euphrates|Euphrates River]], and the hand of his daughter in return for an alliance. Alexander rejects both letters and marches into [[Mesopotamia]].
*At the acropolis in [[Susa]], an unidentified woman is buried in a bronze sarcophagus, wearing "a mass of finely-wrought and artistic gems and jewels"<ref>George Frederick Kunz, ''The Magic of Jewels and Charms'' (Courier Corporation, 1915) p323</ref> and two coins, one dating from 350 BC and the other from 332 BC.  The tomb will remain unopened for more than 22 centuries, until French archaeologist [[Jacques de Morgan]] unearths it on [[February 1901|February 10, 1901]].

==== Macedonia ====
* [[Alexander the Great]] occupies [[Damascus]] and, after a siege lasting seven months, destroys [[Tyre, Lebanon|Tyre]] during which there is great carnage and the sale of the women and children into slavery.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-the-Great | access-date=February 25, 2024 | date=February 21, 2024 | first=Frank W. | last=Walkbank | title=Alexander the Great | series=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref>
* Leaving [[Parmenion]] in [[Syria]], Alexander advances south without opposition until he reaches [[Gaza City|Gaza]] where bitter resistance halts him for two months, and he sustains a serious shoulder wound during a sortie.
* Alexander conquers [[Ancient Egypt|Egypt]] from the [[Achaemenid Empire|Persians]]. The Egyptians welcome him as their deliverer, and the Persian [[satrap]] Mazaces wisely surrenders. Alexander's conquest of Egypt completes his control of the whole eastern [[Mediterranean]] coast.
* [[November 14]] &ndash; Alexander is crowned as pharaoh of Upper and Lower Egypt – god and king all at once – son of [[Ra]] and [[Osiris]], [[Horus]] the "Golden One" and beloved of [[Amun]]. 
* Alexander spends the winter organizing the administration of Egypt. He employs Egyptian governors, while keeping the army under a separate Macedonian command.
* Alexander founds the city of [[Alexandria]] near the western arm of the [[Nile]] on a site between the sea and [[Lake Mareotis]], protected by the island of [[Lighthouse of Alexandria|Pharos]], and has the city laid out by the [[Rhodes|Rhodian]] architect [[Deinocrates]].

==== Italy ====
* After a victory over the [[Samnites]] and [[Lucanians]] near [[Paestum]], [[Alexander of Epirus]] makes a treaty with the [[Roman Republic|Romans]].
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== Births ==
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== Deaths ==
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== References ==
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[[Category:332 BC| ]]