Editing 2nd millennium

{{short description|Millennium spanning the years 1001 to 2000}}
{{Millenniumbox|2}}
<imagemap>File:2nd millennium montage.png|From top left, clockwise: in 1492, [[Christopher Columbus]] reaches [[the New World]], opening the [[European colonization of the Americas]]; the [[American Revolution]], one of the late 1700s [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]]-inspired [[Atlantic Revolutions]]; the [[Ottoman conquest of Constantinople]]; the [[Atomic Bomb]] from [[World War II]]; an alternate source of light, the [[light bulb]]; for the first time, a [[Neil Armstrong|human being]] [[Moon landing|sets foot on the Moon]] in 1969 during the [[Apollo 11]] Moon mission; [[airplane]]s enable widespread air travel; [[Napoleon Bonaparte]], in the early 19th century, affects France and Europe with [[expansionism]], [[modernization]], and [[nationalism]]; [[Alexander Graham Bell]]'s [[telephone]]; in 1348, the [[Black Death]] kills in just two years over 100 million people worldwide, and over half of [[Europe]]. (Background: An excerpt from the [[Gutenberg Bible]], the first major book printed in the West using movable type, in the 1450s)|400px|thumb
rect 3 3 253 191 [[European colonization of the Americas]]
rect 259 5 438 123 [[American Revolution]]
rect 445 4 559 159 [[Ottoman conquest of Constantinople|Islamic conquest of Constantinople]]
rect 260 129 438 249 [[Black Death]]
rect 5 212 110 375 [[Napoleon Bonaparte]]
rect 129 197 253 299 [[Telephone]]
rect 123 309 257 386 [[Airplane]]
rect 268 257 432 379 [[Apollo 11]]
rect 446 165 560 296 [[World War II]]
rect 440 303 514 387 [[Light Bulb]]
rect 1 1 566 394 [[Gutenberg Bible]]
</imagemap>
<!-- Please do NOT modify anything below this notice. Should you wish to make changes, use the talk page to discuss. --> 
The '''second millennium''' of the ''[[Anno Domini]]'' or [[Common Era]] was a [[millennium]] spanning the years 1001 to 2000. It began on January 1, 1001 ([[Roman numerals|MI]])<!-- 1001 is correct due to there not being any zeroth year in the AD system (in addition, see MOS:CENTURY) --> and ended on December 31, 2000 ([[Roman numerals|MM]]), ([[11th century|11th]] to [[20th century|20th]] centuries; in astronomy: [[Julian day|JD]] {{val|2086667.5|fmt=gaps}} &ndash; {{val|2451909.5|fmt=gaps}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://keisan.casio.com/exec/system/1227779487|title=Julian Day Number from Date Calculator|website=High accuracy calculation for life or science.}}</ref>).
<!-- Please do NOT modify anything above this notice. Should you wish to make changes, use the talk page to discuss. -->

It encompassed the [[high Middle Ages|High]] and [[Late Middle Ages]] of the [[Old World]], the [[Islamic Golden Age]] and the period of [[Renaissance]], followed by the [[early modern period]], characterized by the [[European wars of religion]], the [[Age of Enlightenment]], the [[Age of Discovery]] and the [[European colonization of the Americas|colonial period]]. Its final two centuries coincide with [[modern history]], characterized by [[industrialization]], the rise of [[nation state]]s, the rapid development of [[science]], widespread [[education]], and universal [[medical|health care]] and [[vaccination]]s in the [[developed world]]. The [[20th century]] saw increasing [[globalization]], most notably the two [[World Wars]] and the subsequent formation of the [[United Nations]]. 20th-century technology includes [[powered flight]], [[television]] and [[Semiconductor device|semiconductor technology]], including [[integrated circuit]]s. The term "[[Great Divergence]]" was coined to refer the unprecedented cultural and political ascent of the [[Western world]] in the second half of the millennium, emerging by the 18th century as the most powerful and wealthy [[Cultural globalization|world civilization]], having eclipsed [[Qing dynasty|Qing China]], [[Tokugawa shogunate|Edo Japan]], the [[Muslim world|Islamic world]] and [[Indian Subcontinent|India]]. This allowed the [[colonization]] by European countries of much of the world during this millennium, including the Americas, Africa, Oceania, and South and Southeast Asia.

[[World population]] grew without precedent over the millennium, from about 310 million in 1001 to about 6 billion in 2000. The [[population growth]] rate increased dramatically during this time; world population approximately doubled to 600 million by 1700, and doubled more than three more times by 2000, ultimately reaching about 1.8% per year in the second half of the 20th century.

==Political history==
{{cleanup section|reason=sort, arrange, comment|date=September 2018}}
{{further|Human history}}

===Middle Ages===
{{main|Middle Ages}}
{{further|List of states during the Middle Ages|List of political entities in the 11th century}}

====Europe====
*Western/Central Europe
**[[Kingdom of Scotland]] (843–1707): see [[Medieval Scotland]]
** [[Kingdom of England]] (927–1707): see [[Medieval England]]
** [[Holy Roman Empire]] (962–1806): see [[Medieval Germany]]
** [[Kingdom of France]] (987–1789): see [[Medieval France]]
** [[Kingdom of Hungary]] (1000–1526)
** [[Kingdom of Portugal]] (1139–1910)
** [[Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)]]: see [[Medieval Poland]]
** [[Old Swiss Confederacy]] (from {{Circa|1300}}): see [[Medieval Switzerland]]
*[[Medieval Italy]]
**[[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Kingdom of Italy]]
**[[Papal States]]
**[[Maritime republics]]
**[[Kingdom of Sicily]]
*[[Medieval Spain]]: see also [[Reconquista]]
** [[Caliphate of Córdoba]] (929–1031)
** [[Crown of Aragon]] (1035–1479)
** [[Crown of Castile]] (1030–1479)
** [[Emirate of Granada]] (1230–1492)
*[[History of Scandinavia#Middle Ages (1100–1600)|Medieval Scandinavia]]: see also [[Viking Age]]
** [[Denmark#Viking and Middle Ages|Kingdom of Denmark]] ({{Circa|936}}–1397)
** [[History of Sweden (800–1521)|Kingdom of Sweden]] ({{Circa|970}}–1397)
** [[History of Norway#Middle Ages|Kingdom of Norway]] ({{circa|1015}}–1397)
** [[Kalmar Union]] (1397–1523)
*Eastern/Southeastern Europe
** [[Byzantine Empire]] (330–1453) 
** [[Kievan Rus]] (880–1150)
** [[Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)]], [[Croatia in union with Hungary]] (1102–1526)
** [[Kingdom of Bosnia]] (1154–1463)
** [[Second Bulgarian Empire]] (1185–1396)
** [[Kingdom of Serbia]] (1217–1346)
** [[Serbian Empire]] (1346–1371)
** [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] ({{circa|1236}}–1795)
** [[Golden Horde]] (1240s–1502), see also: [[Tatar yoke]]
** [[Grand Duchy of Moscow]] (1283–1547)

====Near East====
: see also [[Crusades]], [[Mongol invasions]]
* [[Byzantine Empire]] (330–1453)
* [[Abbasid Caliphate]] (750–1517)
* [[Bagratid Armenia]] (880s–1045)
* [[Fatimid Caliphate]] (910–1171)
* [[Kingdom of Georgia]] (1008–1493)
* [[Seljuk Empire]] (1037–1194)
* [[Khwarazmian dynasty]] (1077–1231)
* [[Crusader states]]
**[[County of Edessa]] (1098–1144)
**[[Principality of Antioch]] (1098–1268)
**[[Kingdom of Jerusalem]] (1099–1291)
**[[County of Tripoli]] (1102–1289)
**[[Latin Empire]] (1204–1261)
* [[Ayyubids]] (1171–1260)
* [[Sultanate of Rum]] (1194–1308)
* [[Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Mamluk Sultanate]]  (1250–1517)
* [[Ilkhanate]] (1256–1353)
* [[Rise of the Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Empire]] (1299–1924)
* [[Timurid Empire]] (1370–1507)

====North Africa====
* [[Mamluk Sultanate|Mamluk Egypt]] (1250–1517)
* [[Almoravid dynasty]] (1040–1147)
* [[Almohad dynasty]] (1121–1269)
* [[Marinid dynasty]] (1244–1465)
* [[Hafsid dynasty]] (1229–1574)
* [[Kingdom of Tlemcen]] (1235–1554)

====East Asia====
* [[Goryeo]] (918–1392)
* [[Hoysala Empire]] (1026–1343)
* [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin dynasty]] (1115–1234)
* [[Joseon|Joseon dynasty]] (1392–1897)
* [[Khmer Empire]] (802–1431)
* [[Liao dynasty]] (907–1125)
* [[Mongol Empire]] (1206–1368)
* [[Ming dynasty]] (1368–1644)
* [[Pagan Kingdom]] (849–1287)
* [[Song dynasty]] (960–1279)
* [[Western Xia]] (1038–1227)
* [[Yuan dynasty|Yuan (Mongol) dynasty]] (1271–1368)

====India====
{{further|Medieval India|Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent|Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent}}
*[[Eastern Chalukyas]] (7th to 12th centuries)
*[[Pala Empire]] (8th to 12th centuries)
*[[Chola Empire]] (9th century to 13th centuries)
*[[Western Chalukya Empire]] (10th to 12th centuries)
*[[Kalachuris of Tripuri|Kalachuri dynasty]] (10th to 12th centuries)
*[[Eastern Ganga dynasty]]  (11th to 15th centuries)
*[[Hoysala Empire]] (10th to 14th centuries)
*[[Kakatiya dynasty|Kakatiya Kingdom]] (1083–1323)
*[[Sena dynasty]] (11th to 12th centuries)
*[[Delhi Sultanate]] (1206–1526)
*[[Bengal Sultanate]] (1352–1576)
*[[Ahom Kingdom]] (from 1228)
*[[Reddy dynasty|Reddy Kingdom]] (1325–1448)
*[[Seuna (Yadava) dynasty]] (1190–1315)
*[[Vijayanagara Empire]]  (1375–1591)

====Sahel / Sudan and Sub-Saharan Africa====
{{further|Islamization of the Sudan region|List of kingdoms in pre-colonial Africa}}
* [[Gao Empire]], Sahel ({{circa|9th}} to 15th centuries)
* [[Benin Empire]], West Africa (from {{circa|1180}})
* [[Sultanate of Ifat]], Horn of Africa (1285–1415)
<!--* Warsangali Sultanate, Horn of Africa (1218–1886)-->
* [[Mali Empire]], Sahel  ({{circa|1230}}–1600)
* [[Songhai Empire]], Sahel  ({{circa|1464}}–1591)
* [[Ife Empire]], West Africa ({{circa|1200}}–1420)
* [[Oyo Empire]], West Africa (from {{Circa|1300}})
* [[Kongo Empire]], West Africa (from {{Circa|1390}})
* [[Kingdom of Nri]], West Africa (from {{Circa|1200}}?<!--certainly before 15th c.-->)

====Pre-Columbian Americas====
* [[Baracoa|Taíno]]
* [[Maya civilisation]]
* [[Toltec]]
* [[Mississippian culture]]
* [[Vinland]]
* [[Chimú]]
* [[Kingdom of Cuzco]]
* [[Aztec Empire]] <!--(1428–1521)-->
* [[Inca Empire]] <!--(1438–1533)-->

===Early Modern period===
{{main|Early Modern period}}
{{further|Age of Discovery|European Colonization of the Americas|Great Divergence|label2=Colonial Era}}
{{further|List of sovereign states in 1528|List of sovereign states in 1648|List of sovereign states in 1660|List of sovereign states in 1777}}

====Europe====
{{further|Early modern Europe|Thirty Years' War}}
{{further|European wars of religion|French Revolution|Napoleonic wars|Monarchies_in_Europe#Early_Modern_Europe}}
* [[Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)|Kingdom of Poland]] <!--([[1271]]–[[1569]])-->
* [[Holy Roman Empire]] (see [[German Renaissance]], [[early modern Germany]] )
* [[Kingdom of France]], (see [[early modern France]] )
* [[Kingdom of England]]  (before 1707)
* [[Kingdom of Scotland]]  (before 1707)
* [[Kingdom of Great Britain]] (1707–1801)
* [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg Empire]] (1526–1867)

====[[Colonial empires]]====
* [[Cuba–Mexico relations|Spanish Empire]] (1492–1976)
* [[Angola–Brazil relations|Portuguese Empire]] (1415–2002)
* [[Indonesia–Suriname relations|Dutch Empire]] (1602–1975)
* [[Hong Kong–United Kingdom relations|British Empire]] (1583–1997)  
* [[Algeria–France relations|French Empire]] (1534–1980)
* [[Haiti–United States relations|American Empire]] (1898–1994) 
* [[Belgium–Democratic Republic of the Congo relations|Belgian Empire]] (1908–1962)

====Asia====
* [[Ottoman Empire]] (1299–1922) 
* [[Safavid Persia]] (1501–1736)
* [[Portuguese Macau]] (1557–1999)
* [[Zand dynasty]] (1750–1794)
* [[Tokugawa shogunate|Edo shogunate]] (1603–1868)
* [[Qing Dynasty]] (1644–1912)
* [[Afsharid dynasty]] (1736–1796)
* [[Mughal Empire]] (1526–1858)
* [[Sikh Empire]] (1799–1849)

====Sub-Saharan Africa====
* [[Zulu Kingdom]]
* [[Kingdom of Kongo]]

===Modern history===
{{main|Modern history}}
{{further|Timeline of the 19th century|Timeline of the 20th century|World Wars}}
{{further|List of political entities in the 19th century|List of sovereign states in the 1900s|List of sovereign states in the 1950s|List of sovereign states in the 1990s}}

====Europe====
* [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]] (1801–1922)
* [[History of Ireland (1801–1923)|British rule in Ireland]] (1801–1922)
* [[French First Empire]] (1804–1814; 1815)  
* [[Russian Empire]] (1721–1917)
* [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]] (1867–1918)
* [[Kingdom of Italy]] (1861–1946)
* [[French Second Empire]] (1852–1870)
* [[German Empire]] (1871–1918)
* [[French Third Republic]] (1870–1940)
* [[Fascist Italy]] (1922–1943)
* [[Nazi Germany]] (1933–1945)
* [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland]] (since 1922)
* [[Soviet Union]] (1922–1991)
* [[East Germany]] (1949–1990)
* [[West Germany]] (1949–1990)
* [[Germany|Federal Republic of Germany]] (since 1990)

====Asia====
* [[Thailand|Kingdom of Thailand]] (since 1939)
* [[Singapore|Republic of Singapore]] (since 1965)
* [[Qing dynasty]] (1644–1912)
* [[1984 in North Korea|Democratic People's Republic of Korea]] (from 1948)
* [[South Korea|Republic of Korea]] (since 1948)
* [[Qajar dynasty]] (1794–1925)
* [[British Hong Kong]] (1841–1997)
* [[British Raj]] (1858–1947)
* [[Empire of Japan]]  (1868–1947)
* [[Democratic Kampuchea]] (1975–1982)
* [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]] (1912–1949)
* [[People's Republic of China]] (from 1949)
* [[Socialist Republic of Vietnam]] (from 1976)
* [[Partition of India]] (1947)
*[[Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire]] (1828–1908)
*[[Russian conquest of Central Asia]] (1839–1895)
*[[First Philippine Republic]] (1898–1901)

====Middle East====
* [[Ba'athist Syria|Syria]]
* [[United Arab Emirates]] (since 1971)
* [[History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi|Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya]]

====Africa====
{{further|History of Africa}}
*[[European exploration of Africa]]
*[[Scramble for Africa]]
*[[History of Egypt under the British|Egypt]]
*[[Anglo-Egyptian Sudan]] 
*[[Union of South Africa]]
*[[French Algeria]]
*[[French West Africa]]
*[[French Equatorial Africa]]
*[[French Madagascar]] 
*[[Portuguese Angola]]
*[[German South West Africa]]
*[[Belgian Congo]]
*[[Italian Libya]]
*[[Italian East Africa]]
*[[Spanish Guinea]]
*[[Decolonisation of Africa|Decolonisation]]
*[[List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa]]

====Americas====
* [[United States|United States of America]] (from 1776)
* [[First Empire of Haiti|Empire of Haiti]] (1804–1806)
* [[First Mexican Empire|Mexican Empire]] (1821–1823)
* [[Empire of Brazil]] (1822–1889)
* [[Federal Republic of Central America]] (1823–1841)
* [[Gran Colombia]] (1819–1831)
* [[Canadian Confederation]] (1867)
{{further|United Nations geoscheme for the Americas|South_America#Countries_and_territories|Northern_America#Countries_and_dependent_territories}}

==Cultural and technological history==
{{further|History of technology|History of science}}
{{further|East–West Schism|Renaissance of the 12th century|Neo-Confucianism|Bhakti movement|Reformation|Spiritualism (movement)|Great Awakening}}
{{further|Renaissance|Scientific Revolution|Age of Enlightenment|Modernity|Industrial Revolution|European miracle}}

{| border="1" class="wikitable"
|+Inventions, discoveries and introductions
!
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;" |Communication and technology
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Science and mathematics
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Manufacturing
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Transportation and <br>exploration
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Warfare
|- style= valign="top" align="left"
|- style="width:18%;text-align:center;"
![[11th century]]
|
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* [[Firearm]]s ({{circa|1100}})
|- style="width:18%;text-align:center;"
![[12th century]]
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|- style="width:18%;text-align:center;"
![[13th century]]
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* [[Rocket]]s (c. 1200s)<ref>{{cite web |title=A brief history of rocketry |url=http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/history/rocket-history.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060805203537/http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/history/rocket-history.txt |archive-date=2006-08-05 |access-date=2006-08-19 |work=NASA Spacelink |quote=Rockets appear in Arab literature in 1258 A.D., describing Mongol invaders' use of them on February 15 to capture the city of Baghdad}}</ref>
|- style="width:18%;text-align:center;"
![[14th century]]
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* [[Longbow]] ({{circa|1386}})
|- style="width:18%;text-align:center;"
![[15th century]]
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* [[Printing press]] ({{circa|1450}})<ref name="keeley">{{cite web |last=Keeley |first=Larry |date=2007-02-16 |title=The Greatest Innovations of All Time |url=http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/feb2007/id20070216_377845.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207082148/http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/feb2007/id20070216_377845.htm |archive-date=7 December 2008  <!--(DASHBot)--> |access-date=2008-11-12 |work=BusinessWeek |publisher=The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.}}</ref>
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* [[Accounting]] ({{circa|1494}})
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|- style="width:18%;text-align:center;"
![[16th century]]
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* [[Thermometer]] (1596)
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* [[Probability]] ({{circa|1549}})
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|- style="width:18%;text-align:center;"
![[17th century]]
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* [[Calculus]] ({{circa|1680}})
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* [[Barometer]] (1643)
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|- style="width:18%;text-align:center;"
![[18th century]]
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*[[Electrostatic generator]] (1706)
*[[Electric battery]] (1800)
|
* [[Vaccination]] (1796)<ref name="keeley" /><ref name="discovery">{{cite web |year=2008 |title=The Big 100: the Science Channels 100 Greatest Discoveries |url=http://science.discovery.com/convergence/100discoveries/big100/big100.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031221120/http://science.discovery.com/convergence/100discoveries/big100/big100.html |archive-date=31 October 2008 |access-date=2008-11-12 |publisher=Discovery Communications, LLC}}</ref>
|
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* [[Steam engine]] (1712)
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* [[Submarine]] (1775)
|- style="width:18%;text-align:center;"
![[19th century]]
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*[[Telegraph]] (1832)
*[[Photography]] (1837)
*[[Telephone]] (1860)
|
*[[Atomic theory]] (1808)<ref name="discovery" />
*[[Anesthesia]] (1842)<ref name="keeley" /><ref name="discovery" />
*[[Introduction to evolution|Natural selection]] (1858)<ref name="discovery" />
*[[History of genetics|Genetics]] (1866)<ref name="keeley" /><ref name="discovery" />
|
*[[Canned food]] (1809)
*[[Plastic]] (1855)<ref>{{cite book |last=UK Patent office |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0nCoU-2tAx8C&pg=PA255 |title=Patents for inventions |publisher=UK Patent office |year=1857 |page=255}}</ref>
*[[Frozen food]] (1868)
|
*[[Steam locomotive]] (1804)
*[[Bicycle]] (1817)
*[[Internal combustion engine]] (1833)
*[[Steam turbine]] (1884)
*[[Car|Automobile]] (1886)
|
|- style="width:18%;text-align:center;"
![[20th century]]
|
*[[Animation]] (1906)
*[[Television]] (1932)
*[[Computer]] (1939)
*[[Transistor]] (1947)
*[[Satellite]] (1957)
*[[Internet]] (1969)<ref name="keeley" />
*[[Video game]]s (1972)
|
*[[Special relativity]] (1905)<ref name="discovery" />
*[[Penicillin]] (1920)<ref name="keeley" /><ref name="discovery" />
*[[DNA#History|DNA]] (1928)<ref name="discovery" />
*[[Quantum mechanics]] (1935)<ref name="discovery" />
|
*[[Assembly line]] (1901)<ref>{{cite web |last=Ament |first=Phil |title=Assembly Line History: Invention of the Assembly Line |url=http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/assbline.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117205321/http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/assbline.htm |archive-date=2018-01-17 |access-date=2011-10-15 |publisher=Ideafinder.com}}</ref>
*[[Sliced bread]] (1928)
*[[Nuclear reactor]] (1942)
*[[Food processor]] (1960s)
*[[Finite geometry]] (1989)
|
*[[Airplane]] (1903)
*[[Satellite]] (1957)
*[[Apollo program|Moon landing]] (1969)
*[[Space station]] (1971)
*[[Self-driving car]] (1977)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Srinivas |first1=Rao P |author2=Rohan Gudla |author3=Vijay Shankar Telidevulapalli |author4=Jayasree Sarada Kota |author5=Gayathri Mandha |date=2022 |title=Review on self-driving cars using neural network architectures |url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Tsukuba-Mechanical-Engineering-Lab-Japan-1977-computerized-driverless-car-achieved-spe_fig2_365874855 |journal=World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews |volume=16 |pages=736–746 |doi=10.30574/wjarr.2022.16.2.1240 |doi-access=free |number=2}}</ref>
*[[Global Positioning System|GPS navigation]] (1978)
*[[Reusable launch vehicle]] (1981)

|
*[[Seaplane tender|Aircraft carrier]] (1911)
*[[Tank]]s (1916)
*[[Nuclear weapon]] (1945)
|}

==Calendar==
{{further|Year 2000 problem}}
The [[Julian calendar]] was used in Europe at the beginning of the millennium, and all countries that once used the Julian calendar had adopted the [[Gregorian calendar]] by the end of it. For this reason, the end date of the 2nd millennium is usually calculated based on the Gregorian calendar, while the beginning date is based on the Julian calendar  (or occasionally the [[proleptic Gregorian calendar]]).

In the late 1990s, there was a dispute as to whether the millennium should be taken to end on December 31, 1999, or December 31, 2000.
[[Stephen Jay Gould]] at the time argued there is no objective way of deciding this question.<ref>Stephen Jay Gould, ''Questioning the Millennium: A Rationalist's Guide to a Precisely Arbitrary Countdown'' (New York: Harmony Books, 1999), ch 2.</ref> 
[[Associated Press]] reported that the third millennium began on 1 January  2001, but also reported that celebrations in the US were generally more subdued at the beginning of 2001, compared to the beginning of 2000.<ref>{{cite web | agency=Associated Press| title=Y2K It Wasn't, but It Was a Party | website=Los Angeles Times | date=2001-01-01 | url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-jan-01-mn-7177-story.html | access-date=2025-04-14}}</ref>
Many public celebrations for the end of the second millennium were held on December 31, 1999 – January 1, 2000<ref>{{cite web | title = Millennium FAQs – Frequently Asked Questions | work = When does the Millennium start? | publisher = Greenwich2000.ltd.uk | date = 2008-08-12 | url = http://wwp.millennium-dome.com/info/millennium-faq.htm | access-date = 2009-01-29| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090112125450/http://wwp.millennium-dome.com/info/millennium-faq.htm| archive-date= 12 January 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| url-status= live}}</ref>—with a few people marking the end of the millennium a year later.

==Centuries and decades==

{| cellpadding="3" border="0"
|-----
| align="right" | '''[[11th century]]'''
| align="left" | [[1000s (decade)|1000s]]
| [[1010s]]
| align="right" | [[1020s]]
| align="right" | [[1030s]] || align="right" | [[1040s]]
| align="right" | [[1050s]]
| align="right" | [[1060s]] || align="right" | [[1070s]]
| align="right" | [[1080s]] || align="right" | [[1090s]]
|-----
| align="right" | '''[[12th century]]'''
| align="left" | [[1100s (decade)|1100s]] || align="right" | [[1110s]]
| align="right" | [[1120s]]
| align="right" | [[1130s]] || align="right" | [[1140s]]
| align="right" | [[1150s]]
| align="right" | [[1160s]] || align="right" | [[1170s]]
| align="right" | [[1180s]] || align="right" | [[1190s]]
|-----
| align="right" | '''[[13th century]]'''
| align="left" | [[1200s (decade)|1200s]] || align="right" | [[1210s]]
| align="right" | [[1220s]]
| align="right" | [[1230s]] || align="right" | [[1240s]]
| align="right" | [[1250s]]
| align="right" | [[1260s]] || align="right" | [[1270s]]
| align="right" | [[1280s]] || align="right" | [[1290s]]
|-----
| align="right" | '''[[14th century]]'''
| align="left" | [[1300s (decade)|1300s]] || align="right" | [[1310s]]
| align="right" | [[1320s]]
| align="right" | [[1330s]] || align="right" | [[1340s]]
| align="right" | [[1350s]]
| align="right" | [[1360s]] || align="right" | [[1370s]]
| align="right" | [[1380s]] || align="right" | [[1390s]]
|-----
| align="right" | '''[[15th century]]'''
| align="left" | [[1400s (decade)|1400s]] || align="right" | [[1410s]]
| align="right" | [[1420s]]
| align="right" | [[1430s]] || align="right" | [[1440s]]
| align="right" | [[1450s]]
| align="right" | [[1460s]] || align="right" | [[1470s]]
| align="right" | [[1480s]] || align="right" | [[1490s]]
|-----
| align="right" | '''[[16th century]]'''
| align="left" | [[1500s (decade)|1500s]] || align="right" | [[1510s]]
| align="right" | [[1520s]]
| align="right" | [[1530s]] || align="right" | [[1540s]]
| align="right" | [[1550s]]
| align="right" | [[1560s]] || align="right" | [[1570s]]
| align="right" | [[1580s]] || align="right" | [[1590s]]
|-----
| align="right" | '''[[17th century]]'''
| align="left" | [[1600s (decade)|1600s]] || align="right" | [[1610s]]
| align="right" | [[1620s]]
| align="right" | [[1630s]] || align="right" | [[1640s]]
| align="right" | [[1650s]]
| align="right" | [[1660s]] || align="right" | [[1670s]]
| align="right" | [[1680s]] || align="right" | [[1690s]]
|-----
| align="right" | '''[[18th century]]'''
| align="left" | [[1700s (decade)|1700s]] || align="right" | [[1710s]]
| align="right" | [[1720s]]
| align="right" | [[1730s]] || align="right" | [[1740s]]
| align="right" | [[1750s]]
| align="right" | [[1760s]] || align="right" | [[1770s]]
| align="right" | [[1780s]] || align="right" | [[1790s]]
|-----
| align="right" | '''[[19th century]]'''
| align="left" | [[1800s (decade)|1800s]] || align="right" | [[1810s]]
| align="right" | [[1820s]]
| align="right" | [[1830s]] || align="right" | [[1840s]]
| align="right" | [[1850s]]
| align="right" | [[1860s]] || align="right" | [[1870s]]
| align="right" | [[1880s]] || align="right" | [[1890s]]
|-----
| align="right" | '''[[20th century]]'''
| align="left" | [[1900s (decade)|1900s]] || align="right" | [[1910s]]
| align="right" | [[1920s]]
| align="right" | [[1930s]] || align="right" | [[1940s]]
| align="right" | [[1950s]]
| align="right" | [[1960s]] || align="right" | [[1970s]]
| align="right" | [[1980s]] || align="right" | [[1990s]]
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Millennia}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2nd Millennium}}
[[Category:2nd millennium| ]]
[[Category:Millennia]]