Editing 217 BC

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{{BC year in topic|217}}
[[File:Battle of lake trasimene.gif|thumb|The Battle of Lake Trasimene]]
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Year '''217 BC''' was a year of the [[Roman calendar|pre-Julian Roman calendar]]. At the time it was known as the '''Year of the Consulship of Geminus and Flaminius/Regulus''' (or, less frequently, '''year 537 ''[[Ab urbe condita]]'''''). The denomination 217 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

== Events ==
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=== By place ===

==== Roman Republic ====
* [[Gaius Flaminius (consul 223 BC)|Gaius Flaminius]] is re-elected [[consul]] with [[Gnaeus Servilius Geminus]], in what is considered to be a [[rebuke]] of the Senate's prosecution of the [[war]]. Flaminius raises new [[Roman legion|legion]]s and marches north to meet the [[Carthage|Carthaginian]] general [[Hannibal]].
* Hannibal advances to the [[Arno River]] and then outmanoeuvres the [[army]] of Gaius Flaminius at [[Arretium]] and reaches [[Faesulae]] (modern [[Fiesole]]) and [[Perugia]].
* [[June 21]] &ndash; On the northern [[shore]] of [[Lake Trasimene]], in [[Umbria]], Hannibal's [[troop]]s all but annihilate Gaius Flaminius' army in the [[Battle of Lake Trasimene]], killing thousands (including Flaminius) and driving others to drown in the lake. Reinforcements of about 4,000 cavalry from [[Ariminum]] under the [[praetor]], [[Gaius Centenius]], are intercepted before they arrive and are also destroyed. The Carthaginian troops then march on Rome.
* Gaius Flaminius' supporters in the [[Roman Senate|Senate]] begin to lose power to the more aristocratic factions as the Romans fear Hannibal is about to besiege their city. The Senate appoint [[Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus]] as [[dictator]].
* Quintus Fabius Maximus begins his strategy of "delay". This involves avoiding a set battle with the Carthaginians and creating a "scorched earth" area around Hannibal's army. Manoeuvring among the hills, where Hannibal's cavalry is ineffective, Fabius cuts off his enemy's supplies and harasses Hannibal's forces incessantly. Fabius gains the name ''Cunctator'' (''The Delayer'') for this strategy.
* Hannibal ravages [[Apulia]] and [[Campania]]; meanwhile the delaying tactics of Quintus Fabius Maximus' army allows only skirmishes to occur between the two armies.
* Fabius' delaying policy becomes increasingly unpopular in Rome, and Fabius is compelled to return to Rome to defend his actions under the guise of observing some religious obligations. Marcus Minucius Rufus, the master of horse, is left in command and manages to catch the Carthaginians off guard near their camp in [[Battle of Geronium|Geronium]] and inflicts severe losses on them in a large skirmish. This "victory" causes the Romans, disgruntled with Fabius, to elevate Minucius to the equal rank of dictator with Fabius.
* Minucius takes command of half the army and camps separately from Fabius near Geronium. Hannibal, informed of this development, lays an elaborate trap, which draws out Minucius and his army and then Hannibal attacks it from all sides. The timely arrival of Fabius with the other half of the army enables Minucius to escape after a severe mauling. After the battle, Minucius turns over his army to Fabius and resumes the duties of Master of Horse.
* Carthaginians defeat the Romans at [[Lake Trasimene]]; at the [[Trebbia River|Trebia River]] and at the [[Ticinus River]]<ref name=leglay>{{cite book | title=A History of Rome | edition=Second | first1=Marcel | last1=LeGlay | first2=Jean-Louis | last2=Voisin | first3=Yann | last3=Le Bohec | page=77 | publisher=Blackwell | place=Malden, Massachusetts | year=2001 | isbn=0-631-21858-0}}</ref>

==== Egypt ====
* [[June 22]] &ndash; [[Ancient Egypt|Egyptian]] native [[hoplite]]s under [[Ptolemy IV Philopator|Ptolemy IV]] crush the [[Seleucid]] army under [[Antiochus III the Great|Antiochus III]] in the [[Battle of Raphia]] near [[Gaza City|Gaza]]. The realization of their military importance leads to demands by native Egyptians for greater privileges and so to the development of racial difficulties which will weaken the Ptolemy dynasty in the future.
* Although holding the initiative after the [[Battle of Raphia]], Ptolemy IV, on his chief minister [[Sosibius]]' advice, negotiates a peace, and the Seleucid army withdraws from [[Coele Syria]]. Antiochus III gives up all his conquests except the city of [[Seleucia Pieria|Seleucia-in-Pieria]].

==== Greece ====
*[[Philip V of Macedon]], continuing his war with the [[Aetolian League]] lays siege to  [[Phthiotic Thebes]], captures it and sells the inhabitants into slavery.
* Learning of Hannibal's victory over the Romans at [[Lake Trasimene]] and seeing a chance to recover his [[Illyria]]n kingdom from the Romans, [[Demetrius of Pharos]] immediately advises Philip V  to make peace with the Aetolians, and turn his attentions toward Illyria and Italy. Philip, at once begins negotiations with the Aetolians. At a conference on the coast near [[Naupactus]], Philip meets the Aetolian leaders and a peace treaty is concluded, ending the three-year-long "Social War".

==== Spain ====
* [[Publius Cornelius Scipio (consul 218 BC)|Publius Cornelius Scipio]] is sent with reinforcements by Rome to [[Spain]] as [[proconsul]]. In a naval battle on the [[Ebro River]] at [[Tarraco]], the Carthaginian general [[Hasdrubal (Barcid)|Hasdrubal's]] fleet is largely destroyed by a daring surprise Roman attack led by Publius Cornelius Scipio and his brother [[Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus]]. As a result, the Romans are able to strengthen their hold on the Ebro River region.
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== Births ==
*[[Xin Zhui]], a [[Han dynasty]] noblewoman

== Deaths ==
* [[Arsaces I]], King of [[Parthia]]
* [[Gaius Flaminius (consul 223 BC)|Gaius Flaminius]], [[Roman Republic|Roman]] [[consul]] and general
* [[Pinnes]] (also Pinneus or Pineus), son of [[Agron of Illyria|Agron]], king of [[Illyria]], and Agron's first wife Triteuta

== References ==
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