Editing 1st millennium

{{Short description|Millennium spanning the years 1 to 1000}}
{{Millenniumbox|1}}
<imagemap>File:1st millennium montage.png|From top left, clockwise: Depiction of [[Jesus]], the central figure in [[Christianity]]; The [[Colosseum]], a landmark of the once-mighty [[Roman Empire]]; [[Kaaba]], the [[Great Mosque of Mecca]], the holiest site of [[Islam]]; [[Chess]], a new board game, becomes popular around the globe; The [[Western Roman Empire]] falls, ushering in the [[Early Middle Ages]]; The skeletal remains of a young woman, known as the "ring lady", killed by the eruption of [[Mount Vesuvius]] in AD 79; [[Attila the Hun]], leader of the [[Hun Empire|Hunnic Empire]], which takes most of [[Eastern Europe]] (Background: Reproduction of ancient mural from [[Teotihuacan]], National Museum of Anthropology, [[Mexico City]])|400px|thumb
rect 9 6 182 173 [[Jesus Christ]]
rect 192 5 411 169 [[Roman Empire]]
rect 420 16 560 101 [[Great Mosque of Mecca]]
rect 416 112 561 212 [[Chess]]
rect 13 189 171 356 [[Attila the Hun]]
rect 184 177 308 346 [[Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD]]
rect 313 222 559 352 [[Early Middle Ages]]
rect 1 1 566 394  [[Teotihuacan]]
rect 1 1 566 394 [[Pilate's court]]
</imagemap>

[[File:World in 1 CE.png|thumb|400px|Map of the world in 1 AD, at the beginning of the new millennium.]]

The '''first millennium''' of the [[anno Domini]] or [[Common Era]] was a [[millennium]] spanning the years [[AD 1|1]] to [[AD 1000|1000]] ([[1st century|1st]] to [[10th century|10th]] centuries; in astronomy: [[Julian day|JD]] {{val|1721425.5|fmt=gaps}} &ndash; {{val|2086667.5|fmt=gaps}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://keisan.casio.com/exec/system/1227779487|title=Julian Day Number from Date Calculator|website=keisan.casio.com }}</ref>). The [[World population estimates|world population]] rose more slowly than during the [[1st millennium BC|preceding millennium]], from about 200 million in the year 1 to about 300 million in the year 1000.<ref name="HYDE2011">Klein Goldewijk, K. , A. Beusen, M. de Vos and G. van Drecht (2011). The HYDE 3.1 spatially explicit database of human induced land use change over the past 12,000 years, Global Ecology and Biogeography20(1): 73-86. {{doi|10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00587.x}} ([http://themasites.pbl.nl/tridion/en/themasites/hyde/download/index-2.html pbl.nl]).
Goldewijk et al. (2011) estimate 188 million as of the year 1, citing a literature range of 170 million (low) to 300 million (high).
Out of the estimated 188 million, 116 million are estimated for Asia ([[East Asia]], [[South Asia]], [[Southeast Asia]], and [[Central Asia]], excluding [[Western Asia]]),
44 million for Europe and the [[Near East]], 15 million for Africa (including [[Egypt (Roman province)|Roman Egypt]] and [[Africa (Roman province)|Roman North Africa]]), 12 million for [[Mesoamerica]] and South America. North America and Oceania were at or below one million.
For 1000, they estimate the world population at 295 million.
[https://geo.public.data.uu.nl/vault-hyde-data/HYDE%203.1%5B1655214378%5D/original/supplementary.zip]</ref>    

In Western Eurasia ([[Europe]] and [[Near East]]), the first millennium was a time of great transition from [[Classical Antiquity]] to the [[Middle Ages]]. The 1st century saw the peak of the [[Roman Empire]], followed by its gradual decline during the period of [[Late Antiquity]], the rise of [[Christianity]] and the [[Migration Period|Great Migrations]]. The second half of the millennium is characterized as the [[Early Middle Ages]] in Europe, and marked by the [[Viking Age|Viking expansion]] in the west, and the continuation of the [[Byzantine Empire]] (Eastern Roman Empire) in the east.

In [[East Asia]], the first millennium was also a time of great cultural advances, notably the [[spread of Buddhism]] to East Asia. In [[History of China|China]], the [[Han dynasty]] is replaced by the [[Jin dynasty (266–420)|Jin dynasty]] and later the [[Tang dynasty]] until the 10th century sees renewed fragmentation in the [[Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period]]. In [[History of Japan|Japan]], a sharp increase in population followed when farmers' use of iron tools increased their productivity and crop yields. The [[Kofun period#Yamato court|Yamato court]] was established. The North [[Indian subcontinent]] was divided among [[Middle kingdoms of India|numerous kingdoms]] throughout the first millennium, until the formation of the [[Gupta Empire]]. [[Islam]] expanded rapidly from [[Arabia]] to western Asia, India, North Africa and the [[Iberian Peninsula]], culminating in the [[Islamic Golden Age]] (700–1200).

In [[Mesoamerica]], the first millennium was a period of enormous growth known as the [[Mesoamerican chronology|Classic Era]] (200–900). [[Teotihuacan]] grew into a metropolis and its empire dominated Mesoamerica. In [[South America]], pre-Incan, [[Moche culture|coastal]] [[Nazca|cultures]] flourished, producing impressive metalwork and some of the finest pottery seen in the ancient world. In [[North America]], the [[Mississippian culture]] rose at the end of the millennium in the [[Mississippi River|Mississippi]] and [[Ohio River|Ohio]] river valleys. Numerous cities were built; [[Cahokia]], the largest, was based in present-day [[Illinois]]. The construction of [[Monks Mound]] at Cahokia was begun in 900–950.

In [[Sub-Saharan Africa]], the [[Bantu expansion]] reaches [[Southern Africa]] by about the 5th century. The [[trans-Saharan slave trade]] spans the [[Sahara]] and the [[Swahili coast]] by the 9th century.

==Civilizations, kingdoms and dynasties==
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Kingdoms and civilizations of the 1st millennium AD'''
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Africa 
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Asia / Oceania
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Europe
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Pre-Columbian Americas
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|<!--Africa-->
;North Africa
*[[Roman Empire|Roman]]/[[Byzantine Empire]] (31 BC &ndash; AD 698)
*[[Vandal Kingdom]] (435–534)
*[[Rashidun Caliphate]] (632–661)
*[[Umayyad Caliphate]] (661–750)
*[[Abbasid Caliphate]] (750–1258)
*[[Idrisid dynasty]] (788–974)
*[[Fatimid Caliphate]] (909–1171)

;East Africa
*[[Himyarite Kingdom]] (110 BC – 940)
*[[Kingdom of Aksum]] ({{Circa|100}}–940)
*[[Christian Nubia]] ({{Circa|350}}–1500)
*[[Harla Kingdom]] (after {{Circa|500}})
*[[Savanna Pastoral Neolithic]] (before {{Circa|700}})
*[[Bantu expansion]]
*[[Iron metallurgy in Africa|Pastoral Iron Age]] (after {{Circa|700}})
*[[Sultanate of Mogadishu]] (after {{Circa|800}})
* [[Sultanate of Shewa]] (896–1286)

;Sahara / West Africa 
*[[Pastoral Neolithic]]
*[[Ghana Empire]] (3rd century–1240)
*[[Kanem Empire]] ({{Circa|700}}–)
*[[Kingdom of Nri]] (948–)

;Central / Southern Africa
*[[Bantu expansion]]
*[[Late Stone Age]] rock art:
**[[Bidzar]] (Cameroon)
**[[Matobo National Park]] rock art (Zimbabwe)
**[[Nyero rock paintings]] (Uganda)

|<!--Asia / Oceania-->
;West Asia
*[[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Kingdom of Armenia]] (331 BC – AD 428)  
*[[Kingdom of Iberia (antiquity)|Kingdom of Iberia]] (302 BC – AD 580)  
*[[Parthian Empire]] (247 BC – AD 224)
*[[Roman Empire|Roman]]/[[Byzantine Empire]] (27 BC – 1453) 
*[[Sassanid Empire]] (226–651)
*[[Principality of Iberia]] (588–888)
*[[Rashidun Caliphate]] (632–661)
*[[Umayyad Caliphate]] (661–750) 
*[[Abbasid Caliphate]] (750–1258)
*[[Principality of Tao-Klarjeti]] (813–1008)
 
;East Asia
*[[Han dynasty]] (206 BC – AD 220) 
*[[Goguryeo]] (37 BC – AD 668)
*[[Buyeo kingdom|Buyeo]] (150 BC - AD 494)
*[[Baekje]] (18 BC - AD 660)
*[[Silla]] (57 BC - AD 935)
*[[Jin dynasty (266–420)]]
*[[Three Kingdoms]] (220–280) 
*[[Sixteen Kingdoms]] (304–439) 
*[[Northern and Southern dynasties]] (420–589) 
*[[Sui dynasty]] (581–618) 
*[[Tang dynasty]] (618–907)
*[[Balhae]] (698–926)
*[[Liao dynasty]] (907–1125)
*[[Song dynasty]] (960–1279)

;Central Asia
{{see|Cities along the Silk Road|Silk Road transmission of Buddhism}}
*[[Zhangzhung]] (500 BC – AD 625)<ref name="Aldenderfer2007">{{cite book |last=Aldenderfer |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Gu9M-IrLigC&pg=PA1 |title=Discoveries in Western Tibet and the Western Himalayas: Essays on History, Literature, Archaeology and Art |publisher=Brill |year=2007 |isbn=978-90-04-15520-6 |editor=Amy Heller and Giacomella Orofino |series=Tibetan Studies, Proceedings of the Tenth Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Oxford, 2003 |location=Leiden |pages=1–22 |chapter=Defining Zhang Zhung ethnicity: an archaeological perspective from far western Tibet}}</ref>
*[[Xiongnu]] (1st century)
*[[Kushan Empire]] (30–375)
*[[Xianbei state]] ([[Mongols]]) (–234)
*[[Hephthalite Empire]] (440s–670)
*[[Rouran Khaganate]] (330–555)
*[[Yenisei Kyrgyz]] (539–1219)
*[[Göktürks]] (552–744)
*[[Tibetan Empire]] (618–842)
*[[Volga Bulgaria]] (660-1240)
*[[Muslim conquest of Transoxiana]] (673–751)
*[[Uyghur Khaganate]] (744–840)
*[[Oghuz Yabgu State]] (766–1055)
*[[Kimek–Kipchak confederation]] (880–1200)

;South Asia
*[[Indo-Scythians]] ({{circa|150 BC}} – 400)
*[[Indo-Parthian Kingdom]] (12 BC – 130)
*[[Kushan Empire]] (30–375)
*[[Gupta Empire]] (280–590) 
*[[Varman dynasty]] (350–655)
*[[Pushyabhuti dynasty]] (500–647)
*[[Maukhari dynasty]] (550–800)
*[[Kalachuris of Mahishmati|Kalachuri dynasty]] (550–625)
*[[Later Gupta dynasty|Later Guptas]] (590–700)
*[[Rashtrakuta dynasty]] (753–982)
*[[Chola dynasty]] (300–1279) 
*[[Pala Empire]] (750–1162)

;Southeast Asia 
{{see|Indianization of Southeast Asia}}
*[[Srivijaya]] (650–1377)
;Oceania
*[[Austronesian expansion]]
*[[Tuʻi Tonga Empire]] (950s–1865)

|<!--Europe-->
;Southeastern Europe 
*[[Roman Empire|Roman]]/[[Byzantine Empire]] (27 BC – 1453) <!--Exarchate of Ravenna, Catepanate of Italy--> 
*[[ Slavic invasion of the Balkans|Slavic expansion]] (500–800)
*[[First Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarian Empire]] (682–1018)
;Italy 
*[[Roman Empire]] (27 BC – 480)
*[[Byzantine Empire]] (584–1071) <!--Exarchate of Ravenna, Catepanate of Italy--> 
*[[Kingdom of the Lombards]] (568–774)
*[[Republic of Venice]] (697-)
*[[Carolingian Empire]] (751-843) 
*[[Papal States]] (754–) 
*[[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Holy Roman Empire]] (962–1806)

;Iberia
*[[Roman Empire]] (27 BC – 480)
*[[Kingdom of the Suebi]] (409–585)
*[[Visigothic Kingdom]] (418–720)
*[[Emirate of Córdoba]] (756–929)
*[[Kingdom of Asturias]] (720–910)
*[[Kingdom of León]] (910–1230)

;Western / Central Europe
*[[Migration Period|Germanic expansion]] ({{Circa|100}} BC – AD 400) 
*[[Roman Empire]] (27 BC – 480)
*[[History of Ireland (400–800)|Early Christian Ireland]] (400–800)
*[[Sub-Roman Britain]] (410-597)
*[[Anglo-Saxon England]] ({{Circa|500}}–1066)
*[[Merovingian dynasty|Francia]] (511–751)
*[[Duchy of Bavaria]] (555–)
*[[Samo's Empire]] (631–658)
*[[Carolingian Empire]] (751-843) 
*[[Great Moravia]] (833-907) 
*[[West Francia]] (843–987)
*[[East Francia]] (843–962)
*[[Duchy of Bohemia]] (870–1198)
*[[Principality of Hungary]] (895-1000)
*[[Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)|Kingdom of Croatia]] (925–)
*[[Kingdom of England]] (927–)
*[[Holy Roman Empire]] (962–1806)
*[[Capetian France]] (987–)

;Eastern Europe
*[[Sarmatia]] ({{Circa|467 BC}} – AD 370)
*[[Bosporan Kingdom]] (438 BC – AD 370)
*[[Roman Crimea]] (47 BC – AD 340)
*[[Goths]] ({{circa|200}}–370)
*[[Alans]] ({{circa|200}}–370)
*[[Hunnic Empire]] (370s–469)
*[[First Turkic Khaganate]] (6th century)
*[[Avar Khaganate]] (567 – after 822)
*[[Khazar Khaganate]] (650–969)
*[[Volga Bulgaria]] (660-1240)
*[[Kievan Rus']] (882–1240)

;Northern Europe
*[[Roman Iron Age]] (1–500)
*[[Vendel Period]] (550–790)
*[[Viking Age]] (790–1066)
*[[Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)|Kingdom of Norway]] (872–)

|<!--Americas-->
;Mesoamerica
*[[Zapotec civilization|Zapotec]]
*[[Maya civilization]] (250–900) 
*[[Teotihuacan]] (550–)
*[[Toltec]] ({{Circa|900}}–1168)
*[[Teuchitlan tradition|Teuchitlan]]
*[[Calakmul|Kaan Kingdom]]

;South America
*[[Lima culture]] ({{Circa|100|650}})
*[[Moche culture]] ({{Circa|100}}–700)
*[[Tiwanaku empire]] ({{Circa|300}}–1150)
*[[Wari culture]] ({{Circa|500}}–1000)
*[[Kingdom of Quito|Cara culture]] ({{Circa|800}} – ?)
*[[Tairona]] ({{Circa|900}} – ?)

;North America
*[[Woodland period]]
**[[Hopewell tradition]]
**[[Baytown culture]]
**[[Plum Bayou culture]]
**[[Troyville culture]]
*[[Mississippian culture]] ({{Circa|800}}–1600)
*[[Dorset culture]]
*[[Thule people|Thule tradition]]
*[[Eastern Settlement|Norse Greendland]] (985 – 15th century)
|}

==Events==
''The events in this section are organized according to the [[United Nations geoscheme]]''
{| class="wikitable"
|+Events and trends of the 1st millennium AD
! style="width:10%;text-align:center;"|&nbsp;
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Africa
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Americas
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Asia
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Europe
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Oceania
|- style="text-align:left;"
! [[1st century]]<!-- from 1 to 100-->
|<!--1st century AFRICA (limit three) -->'''[[AD 70]]''' [[Amanikhatashan]] sends Kushite cavalry to aid Roman Emperor in Jerusalem revolt<ref>Jr Ph D Grant Bishop Williams(2009). Abraham's Other Sons. AuthorHouse: pp. 50,51. {{ISBN|9781438997094}}</ref><br>'''[[AD 100]]''' Rise of the [[Kingdom of Aksum]] <br>'''[[AD 100]]''' Khoekhoe reach southern coast of Africa<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |title=The civilizations of Africa: a history to 1800 |date=2002 |publisher=Univ. Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2085-6 |edition=1. publ |location=Charlottesville, Va |pages=177}}</ref>
|<!--1st century AMERICA (limit three)-->'''[[AD 1]]''' [[Cahuachi]] established<ref name=Americas200>{{cite web |title=World Timeline of the Americas 200 BC - AD 600 |publisher=The British Museum |year=2005 |url=http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/americas/200BC-AD600 |access-date=2009-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227042137/http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/americas/200BC-AD600 |archive-date=2009-02-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br>'''[[AD 50]]''' [[Pyramid of the Sun]] began<ref name = Americas200/>
|<!--1st century ASIA (limit three)-->'''[[AD 25]]''' [[Han dynasty]] reestablished under [[Emperor Guangwu of Han|Guangwu]]<br>'''[[AD 33]]''' [[early Christianity|Christianity begins]] <br>'''[[AD 70]]''' [[Jewish diaspora]]
|<!--1st century EUROPE (limit three)-->'''[[AD 9]]''' [[Rhine]] established as boundary between Rome and Germany<ref name=europe200>{{cite web |title=World Timeline of Europe 200 BC-AD 400 Roman |publisher=The British Museum |year=2005 |url=http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/europe/200BC-AD400 |access-date=2009-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090313034346/http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/europe/200BC-AD400 |archive-date=2009-03-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br>'''[[AD 47]]''' [[Londinium]] founded<br>'''[[AD 58]]''' Alpes Cottiae becomes a Roman province<ref name = europe200/><br>'''[[AD 79]]''' [[Pompeii|Pompeii destroyed]]
|<!--1st century OCEANIA (limit three)-->'''[[AD 1]]''' [[Caroline Islands]] colonized<ref name=oceania1500>{{cite web |title=World Timeline of the Oceania 1500 BC-AD 1 |publisher=The British Museum |year=2005 |url=http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/oceania/1500BC-AD1 |access-date=2009-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121015652/http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/oceania/1500BC-AD1 |archive-date=2008-11-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|- style="text-align:left;"
![[2nd century]] <!-- from 101 to 200-->
|<!--2nd Century AFRICA (limit three) -->'''[[AD 150|150]]''' Rhapta, hint of pre-[[Swahili people|Swahili]], [[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]]<br> '''[[200]]''' [[Bantu expansion|Bantu reach east Africa]]<ref name=africa332>{{cite web |title=World Timeline of Africa 332 BC-AD 400 |publisher=The British Museum |year=2005 |url=http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/africa/332BC-AD400 |access-date=2009-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224122826/http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/africa/332BC-AD400 |archive-date=2009-02-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br>'''[[200]]''' [[Nok culture]] ends
|<!--2nd Century AMERICA (limit three)-->'''[[AD 150|150]]''' [[Cahuachi]] becomes dominant ceremonial site in southern Peru<ref name = Americas200/>
|<!--2nd Century ASIA (limit three)-->'''[[184]]''' [[Yellow Turban Rebellion]]
|<!--2nd Century EUROPE (limit three)-->'''[[AD 106|106]]''' [[Dacia]] becomes a Roman province<ref name = europe200/><br>'''[[166]]''' Siege of Aquileia<ref name = europe200/><br>'''[[180]]''' End of the Macromannic Wars<ref name = europe200/>
|<!--2nd Century OCEANIA (limit three)-->&nbsp;
|- style="text-align:left;"
![[3rd century]] <!-- from 201 to 300-->
|<!--3rd Century AFRICA (limit three) --> '''[[212]]''' Egyptians granted Roman citizenship<ref name = africa332/><br>'''[[230]]''' [[Kingdom of Aksum|Aksum]] wars with [[Himyar]] and [[Sabaeans|Saba]] alliance<br>'''[[300]]''' [[Kingdom of Aksum|Aksum]] prints own coins 
|<!--3rd Century AMERICA (limit three)-->'''[[250]]''' Rise of [[Laguna de los Cerros]]<br>'''[[292]]''' [[Mesoamerican Long Count calendar|Stela 29 inscribed]]<ref name = Americas200 /><br>'''[[300]]''' Tikàl conquers El Mirador<ref name = Americas200/>
|<!--3rd Century ASIA (limit three)-->'''[[208]]''' [[Battle of Red Cliffs]] during the [[End of the Han dynasty|decline of the Han dynasty]]<br>'''[[280]]''' [[Conquest of Wu by Jin|Jin reunifies China]]
|<!--3rd Century EUROPE (limit three)-->'''[[212]]''' Roman citizenship extended to all free people in the empire<ref name = europe200/><br>'''[[214]]''' Hispania divided into Gallaecia, Tarraconensis, Baetica and Lusitania<ref name = europe200/><br>'''[[286]]''' Diocletian divides the empire East and West<ref name = europe200/> 
|<!--3rd Century OCEANIA (limit three)-->'''[[300]]''' [[Tahiti|Eastern Polynesian culture develops]]<ref name = oceania1>{{cite web | title = World Timeline of Oceania AD 1-1100 | publisher = The British Museum | year = 2005 | url = http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/oceania/AD1-1100 | access-date = 2009-04-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090529171108/http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/oceania/AD1-1100 | archive-date = 2009-05-29 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
|- style="text-align:left;"
![[4th century]] <!-- from 301 to 400-->
|<!--4th Century AFRICA (limit three) -->'''[[333]]''' [[Kingdom of Aksum|Aksum]] converts to Christianity<br> '''[[350]]''' [[Meroe|Meroe comes to an end ]]<ref name = africa332/><br> '''[[350]]''' King of Anwar, Kaja Maja 
|<!--4th Century AMERICA (limit three)-->'''[[378]]''' [[Teotihuacan]] conquers [[El Perú (Maya site)|Waka]], [[Tikal]], and [[Uaxactun]], the beginning of its conquest of the [[Maya civilization|Maya]]<ref name="ngm.nationalgeographic.com">{{Cite web|url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/print/2007/08/maya-rise-fall/gugliotta-text|title = National Geographic Magazine}}</ref>
|<!--4th Century ASIA (limit three)-->'''[[319]]''' Rise of [[Gupta Empire]] in South Asia<br>'''[[AD 383|383]]''' [[Battle of Fei River]]<br>'''[[393]]''' Last [[Ancient Olympic Games|Olympic Games]]
|<!--4th Century EUROPE (limit three)-->
'''[[313]]''' [[Edict of Milan]]<ref name = europe200/><br>'''[[370]]''' Huns invade Eastern Europe<ref name = europe200/><br>'''[[396]]''' Alaric and the Visigoths invade Greece<ref name = europe200/>
|<!--4th Century OCEANIA (limit three)-->&nbsp;
|- style="text-align:left;"
![[5th century]]<!-- from 401 to 500-->
|<!--5th Century AFRICA (limit three) -->'''[[401]]''' c. camel main transport for trans-Sahara <br>'''[[429]]''' [[Vandals#Kingdom in North Africa|Vandal invasion]]<ref name="africa332" /><br>'''[[AD 500|500]]''' [[Nubia]] split into [[Nobadia]], [[Makuria]], [[Alodia]]
|<!--5th Century AMERICA (limit three)-->&nbsp;
|<!--5th Century ASIA (limit three)-->'''[[AD 420|420]]''' [[Northern and Southern dynasties]] period begins 
|<!--5th Century EUROPE (limit three)-->'''[[407]]''' Vandals enter Iberia<ref name="europe400">{{cite web|title=World Timeline of Europe AD 400-800 Early medieval |publisher=The British Museum |year=2005 |url=http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/europe/AD400-800 |access-date=2009-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227014820/http://worldtimelines.org.uk/world/europe/AD400-800 |archive-date=27 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br>'''[[421]]''' Romans defeat Persians<ref name="europe400" /><br>'''[[476]]''' [[Fall of the Western Roman Empire]]<ref name="europe400" />
|<!--5th Century OCEANIA (limit three)-->'''[[AD 500|500]]''' Settlement of [[Hawaii#First human settlement – Ancient Hawaiʻi (1000–1778)|Hawaii]], [[Easter Island#History|Easter Island]], [[Society Islands]], [[History of Tuamotu|Tuamotus]] and [[Mangareva]]<ref name="oceania1" /> 
|- style="text-align:left;"
![[6th century]] <!-- from 501 to 600-->
|<!--6th Century AFRICA (limit three) -->'''[[520]]''' [[Kaleb of Axum|Kaleb]] attacks [[Yemen]]<br> '''[[533]]''' [[Belisarius|Belisarius invades Africa]]<ref name = africa332/><br>'''[[540]]''' Nubia converts to [[monophysite]] Christianity
|<!--6th Century AMERICA (limit three)-->'''[[600]]''' [[Wari']] conquer Peru<ref name = Americas600>{{cite web  | title = World Timeline of the Americas AD 600-1000  | publisher = The British Museum  | year = 2005  | url = http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/americas/AD600-1000  | access-date = 2009-04-01  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090227034310/http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/americas/AD600-1000  | archive-date = 27 February 2009  | url-status = dead  }}</ref><br>'''[[600]]''' [[Palenque|Construction of Palenque]]<ref name = Americas200/> 
|<!--6th Century ASIA (limit three)-->'''[[538]]''' [[Buddhism]] introduced in Japan.<br>'''[[570]]''' Birth of the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]]
|<!--6th Century EUROPE (limit three)-->'''[[507]]''' Battle of Vouillé<ref name = europe400/><br>'''[[535]]''' Byzantine army invades Italy<ref name = europe400/><br>'''[[585]]''' Visigoths conquer Suevi kingdom<ref name = europe400/>
|<!--6th Century OCEANIA (limit three)-->&nbsp;
|- style="text-align:left;"
![[7th century]]<!-- from 601 to 700-->
|<!--7th Century AFRICA (limit three) -->'''[[641]]''' [[Muslim conquest of the Maghreb|Muslims invade Africa]]<ref name="africa600">{{cite web| title= World Timeline of Africa AD 600-1500| publisher= The British Museum| year= 2005| url= http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/africa/AD600-1500| access-date= 2009-04-02| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090313185620/http://www.worldtimelines.org.uk/world/africa/AD600-1500| archive-date= 2009-03-13| url-status= dead}}</ref><br>'''[[690]]''' [[Songhai Empire|Za dynasty founded]]<br> '''[[697]]''' [[Carthage#Islamic conquests|Carthage destroyed]]<ref name="africa600" />
|<!--7th Century AMERICA (limit three)-->'''[[650]]''' Settlement of [[Xochitecatl]] and [[Cacaxtla]]<ref name="Americas600" /><br>'''[[700]]''' [[Teotihuacan]] destroyed<ref name="Americas600" />
|<!--7th Century ASIA (limit three)-->'''[[618]]''' [[Tang dynasty]] [[Transition from Sui to Tang|established]]<br>'''[[632]]''' Rise of [[Islam]]<br>'''[[651]]''' [[Islamic conquest of Persia]]
|<!--7th Century EUROPE (limit three)-->c.'''[[680]]''' [[First Bulgarian Empire]] is founded
|<!--7th Century OCEANIA (limit three)-->'''[[700]]''' [[History of the Cook Islands|Settlement of the Cook Islands]]<ref name="oceania1" />
|- style="text-align:left;"
![[8th century]]<!-- from 701 to 800-->
|<!--8th Century AFRICA (limit three) -->'''[[702]]''' [[Kingdom of Aksum#Foreign relations, trade, and economy|Aksum attacks Arabia]]<ref name="africa600" /> <br>'''[[706]]''' [[Egypt in the Middle Ages|Arabic in Egypt]]<ref name="africa600" /><br>'''[[789]]''' [[Idrisid dynasty|Independent Morocco]]<ref name="africa600" />
|<!--8th Century AMERICA (limit three)-->'''[[738]]''' [[Quiriguá]] becomes independent of [[Copan]]
'''[[750]]''' [[Sacred Cenote]] built at [[Chichén Itzá]]<ref name="Americas600" /><br>'''[[780]]''' Murals at [[Bonampak]] abandoned<ref name="Americas600" />
|<!--8th Century ASIA (limit three)-->'''[[738]]''' [[Caliphate campaigns in India]] and invasion of India by [[Umayyad Caliphate]] is averted <br>'''[[755]]''' [[An Lushan Rebellion|An Shi Rebellion]]
|<!--8th Century EUROPE (limit three)-->'''[[717]]''' [[Siege of Constantinople (717–718)|Siege of Constantinople]]<br>'''[[718]]''' [[Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula]]
c.'''[[722]]''' [[Reconquista]] begins
|<!--8th Century OCEANIA (limit three)-->&nbsp;
|- style="text-align:left;"
![[9th century]] <!-- from 801 to 900-->&nbsp;
|<!--9th Century AFRICA (limit three) -->'''[[801]]''' c. [[Kanem Empire]] founded<br>'''[[801]]'''c. Aksum declines, capital moved to interior<br>'''[[900]]'''c. [[Igbo-Ukwu]] founded<ref>Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine. The History of African Cities South of the Sahara. Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers, 2005, p. 45, {{ISBN|1-55876-303-1}}</ref>
|<!--9th Century AMERICA (limit three)-->c.'''[[830]]''' [[Classic Maya collapse]]
|<!--9th Century ASIA (limit three)-->'''[[835]]''' [[Ganlu Incident]]
|<!--9th Century EUROPE (limit three)-->'''[[872]]''' [[Battle of Hafrsfjord]] helped  [[Unification of Norway|unified Norway]]<ref>{{cite web |author1=Joys, Charles |author2=Enander, Henrik |display-authors=et al |date=19 September 2017 |title=Norway: Earliest Peoples - The Vikings |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Norway/Earliest-peoples#ref188684 |accessdate=10 January 2018 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref><br>c.'''[[874]]''' [[Settlement of Iceland]]<br>'''[[896]]''' [[Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin]]
|<!--9th Century OCEANIA (limit three)-->
|- style="text-align:left;"
![[10th century]]<!-- from 901 to 1000-->
|<!--10th Century AFRICA (limit three) -->'''[[905]]''' [[Tulunids]] ejected<ref name="Britannica">{{Cite web |title=Ṭūlūnid Dynasty {{!}} Arabic Caliphate, Abbasid Rule, Egypt {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tulunid-dynasty |access-date=2025-02-04 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name="africa600" /><br>'''[[909]]''' [[Fatimid Caliphate|Fatimid established]]<ref name="africa600" /><br>'''[[969]]''' [[Fustat|Fustat captured]]<ref name="africa600" />
|<!--10th Century AMERICA (limit three)-->'''[[950]]''' [[Great Serpent Mound]] constructed<ref name="Americas600" /><br>'''[[990]]''' Toltecs conquer [[Chichen Itza]]
|<!--10th Century ASIA (limit three)-->'''[[907]]''' Political upheaval of the [[Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period|Five Dynasties]] begins<br>'''[[960]]''' [[Song dynasty]] established
|<!--10th Century EUROPE (limit three)-->'''[[958]]''' [[Jelling stones|Denmark unites]]<br>'''[[985]]''' Erik the Red founds colony in Greenland
|<!--10th Century OCEANIA (limit three)-->'''[[AD 1000]]''' Polynesians build stone temples<ref name="oceania1" />
|}

==Inventions, discoveries, introductions==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Inventions, discoveries and introductions
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Communication
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Math and Science
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Agriculture
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Transportation
! style="width:18%;text-align:center;"|Warfare
|- style=  style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left;"
|<!--COMMUNICATION (limit ten)-->
# [[Woodblock printing]]
# [[Paper]]<!-- 405 --><ref name=who>{{cite web|title=Who Built it First |work=Ancient Discoveries |publisher=A&E Television Networks |year=2008 |url=http://www.history.com/minisite.do?content_type=Minisite_Generic&display_order=5&content_type_id=60600&mini_id=52979 |access-date=2009-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429202316/http://www.history.com/minisite.do?content_type=Minisite_Generic&display_order=5&content_type_id=60600&mini_id=52979 |archive-date=2009-04-29 |url-status=live }}</ref>
#[[Quipu]]<ref name="dying">Urton, Gary. (2011). "Tying the Archive in Knots, or: Dying to Get into the Archive in Ancient Peru</ref>
|<!--MATH AND SCIENCE (limit ten)-->
# [[Algebra]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing - Wikisource, the free online library |url=https://en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Compendious_Book_on_Calculation_by_Completion_and_Balancing |access-date=2025-02-04 |website=en.wikisource.org |language=en}}</ref>
# [[Ptolemaic system]]
# [[Wootz steel]]<ref name="Mahathevan">{{cite news |last=Mahathevan |first=Iravatham |date=24 June 2010 |title=An epigraphic perspective on the antiquity of Tamil |url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/An-epigraphic-perspective-on-the-antiquity-of-Tamil/article16265606.ece |access-date=31 October 2010 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |publisher=The Hindu Group}}</ref>
|<!--AGRICULTURE (limit ten) -->
# [[Coffee]]
# [[Hops]]
|<!--TRANSPORTATION (limit ten) -->
# [[Horseshoe]]<ref name="Britannica 15th">"Horseshoe." ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. 15th edn. Vol. 20. 2005. 651–51. Print.</ref>
# [[Stirrup]]
# [[Compass|Magnetic compass]]
|<!--WARFARE (limit ten) -->
# [[Greek fire]] <!-- c. 670 -->
# [[Gunpowder]]<!-- c. 850 --><ref name = who/>
|}

==Centuries and decades==
{| cellpadding="3" border="0"
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| '''[[1st century]]'''
|| [[0s]] || [[10s]]
|| [[20s]]
|| [[30s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[40s]]
|| [[50s]]
|| [[60s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[70s]]
|| [[80s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[90s]]
|-
| style="text-align:right;"| '''[[2nd century]]'''
| style="text-align:right;"| [[100s (decade)|100s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[110s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[120s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[130s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[140s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[150s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[160s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[170s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[180s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[190s]]
|-
| style="text-align:right;"| '''[[3rd century]]'''
| style="text-align:right;"| [[200s (decade)|200s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[210s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[220s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[230s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[240s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[250s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[260s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[270s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[280s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[290s]]
|-
| style="text-align:right;"| '''[[4th century]]'''
| style="text-align:right;"| [[300s (decade)|300s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[310s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[320s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[330s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[340s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[350s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[360s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[370s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[380s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[390s]]
|-
| style="text-align:right;"| '''[[5th century]]'''
| style="text-align:right;"| [[400s (decade)|400s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[410s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[420s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[430s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[440s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[450s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[460s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[470s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[480s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[490s]]
|-
| style="text-align:right;"| '''[[6th century]]'''
| style="text-align:right;"| [[500s (decade)|500s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[510s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[520s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[530s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[540s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[550s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[560s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[570s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[580s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[590s]]
|-
| style="text-align:right;"| '''[[7th century]]'''
| style="text-align:right;"| [[600s (decade)|600s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[610s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[620s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[630s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[640s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[650s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[660s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[670s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[680s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[690s]]
|-
| style="text-align:right;"| '''[[8th century]]'''
| style="text-align:right;"| [[700s (decade)|700s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[710s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[720s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[730s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[740s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[750s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[760s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[770s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[780s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[790s]]
|-
| style="text-align:right;"| '''[[9th century]]'''
| style="text-align:right;"| [[800s (decade)|800s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[810s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[820s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[830s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[840s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[850s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[860s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[870s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[880s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[890s]]
|-
| style="text-align:right;"| '''[[10th century]]'''
| style="text-align:right;"| [[900s (decade)|900s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[910s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[920s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[930s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[940s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[950s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[960s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[970s]]
| style="text-align:right;"| [[980s]] || style="text-align:right;"| [[990s]]
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Millennia}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1st Millennium}}
[[Category:1st millennium| ]]
[[Category:Millennia]]