Editing 1984 Winter Olympics

{{short description|Multi-sport event in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Olympic games|1984|Winter|Olympics|
| image       = 1984 Winter Olympics logo.svg
| image_size  = 140
| caption     = Logo of the 1984 Winter Olympics{{efn|The emblem symbolizes a stylized snowflake, as well as the embroidery produced in the Sarajevo region with the Olympic rings above.}}
| host_city   = [[Sarajevo]], [[Yugoslavia]] <small>(now in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]])</small>
| nations     = 49
| athletes    = 1,272 (998 men, 274 women)
| events      = 39 in 6 [[Olympic sports|sports]] (10 disciplines)
| opening     = 8 February 1984
| closing     = 19 February 1984
| opened_by   = [[President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia|President of the Presidency]] [[Mika Špiljak]]
| closed_by   = [[President of the International Olympic Committee|IOC President]] [[Juan Antonio Samaranch]]
| cauldron    = [[Sanda Dubravčić]]
| stadium     = [[Koševo City Stadium|Koševo Stadium]]
| winter_prev = [[1980 Winter Olympics|Lake Placid 1980]]
| winter_next = [[1988 Winter Olympics|Calgary 1988]]
| summer_prev = [[1980 Summer Olympics|Moscow 1980]]
| summer_next = [[1984 Summer Olympics|Los Angeles 1984]]
}}
{{1984 Winter Olympics}}

The '''1984 Winter Olympics''', officially known as the '''XIV Olympic Winter Games''' ([[Serbo-Croatian language|Serbo-Croatian]] and [[Slovene language|Slovene]]: {{lang|sh-Latn|XIV. Zimske olimpijske igre}}; [[Serbian Cyrillic alphabet|Serbian Cyrillic]]: {{lang|sh-Cyrl|XIV Зимске олимпијске игре}}; {{langx|mk|XIV Зимски олимписки игри|XIV Zimski olimpiski igri}}) and commonly known as '''Sarajevo '84''' ([[Serbian Cyrillic alphabet|Cyrillic]]: {{lang|sh-Cyrl|Сарајево '84}}; {{langx|mk|Сараево '84}}), were a winter [[multi-sport event]] held between 8 and 19 February 1984 in [[Sarajevo]], [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]].{{efn|Located in what is now [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]].}} It was the first [[Winter Olympic Games]] held in a [[Slavic languages|Slavic language]]-speaking country, as well as the only Winter Olympics held in a [[communist country]] before the [[2022 Winter Olympics]] in [[Beijing]], [[China]]. It was the second consecutive Olympic Games held in a [[communist country]], after the [[1980 Summer Olympics]] in [[Moscow]], [[Russian SFSR]], Soviet Union.

The Games were held in Sarajevo and at neighbouring resorts in the [[Dinaric Alps]] located less than 25 kilometers from the city. At the first days of the Games, the sports program was disrupted by extreme weather conditions and the alpine ski events started four days later than planned.

The Games brought together 1272 athletes from 49 countries, which represents a significant increase compared to 1980. Athletes participated in six [[Olympic sports|sports]] and ten disciplines for a total of thirty-nine official events, one more than four years earlier. Seven National Olympic Committees sent their athletes to the Olympic Winter Games for the first time, including [[Egypt at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Egypt]], [[British Virgin Islands at the 1984 Winter Olympics|British Virgin Islands]], [[Monaco at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Monaco]], [[Puerto Rico at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Puerto Rico]] and [[Senegal at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Senegal]]. Finland's [[Marja-Liisa Kirvesniemi|Marja-Liisa Hämäläinen]], who won all three individual races in [[Cross-country skiing at the 1984 Winter Olympics|cross-country skiing]], earned the most individual medals of the Games. The host country Yugoslavia won its first-ever medal at the Winter Games after alpine skier [[Jure Franko]] came second in the giant slalom. [[East Germany at the 1984 Winter Olympics|East Germany]], which won all gold and silver medals in women's speed skating and bobsleigh, topped the [[1984 Winter Olympics medal table|medal table]] for the first time with twenty-four medals overall, nine of which were gold.

The 1984 Winter Olympics, considered a success, made it possible to further modernize Sarajevo and develop winter sports in Yugoslavia, but the [[war in Bosnia and Herzegovina|war in Yugoslavia]], which broke out in 1992, heavily damaged the city and the Olympic facilities. Some sites have been renovated after the war but others remain abandoned, the former [[Sarajevo Olympic Bobsleigh and Luge Track|bobsleigh/luge track]] being one of the more well-known abandoned sites.

==Host city selection==
=== Selection of the host city ===
{{main|Bids for the 1984 Winter Olympics}}
[[File:Sarajevo Tram Pofalici 1982-09-22.jpg|thumb|Sarajevo in 1982]]
A study entitled "The possibilities and problems of tourism development continental in Yugoslavia" and published in 1968 by the [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD) first indicated that Yugoslavia and in particular the region of Sarajevo have favorable conditions for the development of winter sports. As early as 1970, the authorities in Sarajevo planned to host the Winter Olympics to promote this development and become a sustainable winter sports center. They first considered a candidature for the Games of 1976 or 1980 but, after having modernized the city within the framework of the project "Protection of the environment and of man", applied for those of 1984. The bid committee was created on 23 November 1977.<ref>{{harvsp | Dunkelberger | 2004|p=381}}</ref><ref>{{harvsp|Organizing committee|1984|p=4}}</ref>

Two other candidates for the Games were [[Gothenburg]] in Sweden and [[Sapporo]] in Japan. The Gothenburg project was considered expensive and if it were the winner, the logistics expenses would be gigantic, because the competition places would be decentralized. Sapporo had previously hosted the Games in 1972, only twelve years before the proposed 1984 Games and Japan presented Nagoya to bid to the [[1988 Summer Olympics]]. The city therefore had experience and most of the infrastructure present and was in use since then, but new options were seen as more attractive. Sarajevo presented a compact project, with all the planned venues within 25 kilometers of the city, and has experience of several international competitions such as Alpine Skiing World Cup events, and the European Figure Skating Championishipis.<ref name = "Dunkelberger p. 382">{{harvsp | Dunkelberger | 2004|p=382}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
|+ 1984 Winter Olympics bidding results<ref name=votes>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamesbids.com/english/archives/past.shtml |title=Past Olympic host city election results |publisher=[[GamesBids]] |access-date=17 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124022022/http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/past.html |archive-date=24 January 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan=2 | City
! rowspan=2 | Country
! colspan=2 style="background:silver;"| Round
|-
! style="background:silver;"| 1
! style="background:silver;"| 2
|-
| [[Sarajevo]] || {{flag|Yugoslavia}} || style="text-align:center;"|31 || style="text-align:center;"|'''39'''
|-
| [[Sapporo]] || {{flag|Japan|1947}} || style="text-align:center;"|'''33''' || style="text-align:center;"|36
|-
| [[Gothenburg]] || {{flag|Sweden}} || style="text-align:center;"|10 || style="text-align:center;"|—
|}

The host city for the XIV Olympic Winter Games was announced on 18 May 1978, during the 80th session of the [[International Olympic Committee]] (IOC) in [[Athens]], Greece. [[Sarajevo]] was selected by a margin of three votes over [[Sapporo]], Japan. [[Gothenburg]] became the first Swedish city to lose a Winter Olympics bid; other Swedish cities, such as [[Falun]] and [[Östersund]], would later lose consecutive bids to the [[1988 Winter Olympics|Calgary (1988)]], [[1992 Winter Olympics|Albertville (1992)]], [[1994 Winter Olympics|Lillehammer (1994)]], [[1998 Winter Olympics|Nagano (1998)]], and [[2002 Winter Olympics|Salt Lake City (2002)]], respectively. Sarajevo, the capital of present-day [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], was the third-largest city of [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] at the time.

===Politics===
The 1984 Winter Games took place during the [[Cold War]], four years after the [[1980 Summer Olympics boycott|boycott]] of the [[1980 Summer Olympics|Moscow Games]] by 66 National Olympic Committees including the United States and a few months before the [[1984 Summer Olympics boycott|boycott]] of the [[1984 Summer Olympics|Los Angeles 1984 Games]] by the Soviet Union and another 17 National Olympics Committees. International tensions did not affect the Winter Games.<ref name = "Mogore 
 p.163">{{harvsp | Mogore | 1989|p=163}}</ref><ref name = "Monnin p. 109">{{harvsp | Monnin | 2010|p=109}}</ref>

== Organization ==
=== Organizing ===
[[File:Branko Mikulić (1988).jpg|thumb|right|Chair of the Organizing Committee [[Branko Mikulić]]]]
A provisional organizing committee was created on July 13, 1978, and the final committee with 79 members was formed as April 1980 by the Yugoslav Olympic Committee and the Sarajevo Municipal Assembly. [[Branko Mikulic]], member of the presidency of the central committee of the [[League of Communists of Yugoslavia]], was appointed chairman of the organizing committee. Ahmed Karabegovic was appointed the secretary-general and Anto Sucic, then president of the Sarajevo Municipal Assembly, became the president of the executive committee. The organizing committee included the president of the Yugoslav Olympic committee and representatives of the [[Federal Executive Council (Yugoslavia)|Federal Executive Council]], the League of Communists and the Socialist Alliance of the Working People.<ref>{{harvsp|Organizing committee|1984|pp=92–93}}</ref><ref name = "Dunkelberger p. 382" />

=== Financial aspects ===
According to the financial results of the Games, the revenues amounted to [[Yugoslav dinar|YUD]] 19.83 billion (approximately {{currency|203|USD}} million) and expenses at YUD 17.3 billion ({{currency|177|USD}} million), a net amount of YUD 2.54 billion ({{currency|26|USD}} million).<ref name = "Organizing committee p. 185">{{harvsp|Organizing committee|1984|p=185}}</ref> The official report for the games listed the final profit at {{currency|10|USD}} million.<ref>{{harvsp|Organizing committee|1984|p=183}}</ref>

This was the first time in history that the Winter Olympic Games were organized in a [[communist state]], but the organizers did not hesitate to partner with capitalist companies to finance the Games. The Organizing Committee argued it was not hypocritical because sport must be above political influence. The organizing committee signed 218 contracts and arrangements in Yugoslavia and 459 on the foreign market. This included the sale of television rights, sponsorship, sale of license rights, free delivery of goods and equipment, advertising, donations as well as Olympic coins, lottery and philately. Marketing brought in YUD 4.31 billion on the national market and YUD 9.42 billion on the foreign market, totaling YUD 13.73 billion ({{currency|141.65|USD}} million).<ref>{{harvsp|Organizing committee|1984|pp=170–172}}</ref><ref name = "Dunkelberger p. 383">{{harvsp | Dunkelberger | 2004|p=383}}</ref> The government also contributed to the financing of the Games: the [[Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] paid YUD 1.83 billion, the national government of Yugoslavia and the other republics and autonomous regions, YUD 780 million and the city of Sarajevo, YUD 1 billion. From 1982 to the end of 1984, a deduction made from citizens' salaries (0.2% for citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 0.3% for those of Sarajevo) brought in YUD 1.21 billion.<ref>{{harvsp |Organizing committee| 1984|pp=183–184}}</ref>

Building the facilities and purchasing the equipment for the Games cost a total of YUD 8.63 billion. The expenses were listed at 2.26 billion for equipment, 970 million for the Zetra hall, 600 million for the alpine ski slopes, 500 million for the [[Zetra Ice Rink|ice rink]] and the Main Press Center, 560 million for the [[Sarajevo Olympic Bobsleigh and Luge Track|bobsleigh and luge track]], 400 million for the speed skating track and 340 million for the [[Igman Olympic Jumps|ski jumps]]. The organizing committee also invested YUD 1.65 billion in posts, telegraphs and telephones, the television network, the expansion and modernization of the Sarajevo Airport, the road network, 23 sports centers and other facilities. Preparation and organization costs were listed at YUD 4.51 billion.<ref name = "Organizing committee p. 185" />

=== Transport ===
The region's transport network was developed for the Games. Roads with a total length of 160 kilometers were constructed to improve access to mountain sites from Sarajevo or to link the sites to each other. The city's train station and the [[Sarajevo International Airport]] were renovated, and an international terminal was built.<ref>{{harvsp|Organizing committee|1984|pp=105–106}}</ref>

Most of the athletes, accompanying persons, officials and visitors arrived in Yugoslavia by regular international flights to [[Zagreb]] and [[Belgrade]] and reached Sarajevo by trains, buses or [[charter flights]] that landed directly on the city.<ref>{{harvsp|Organizing committee|1984|pp=142–143}}</ref> Spectators were transported to the venues by coaches, rental or personal cars, and minibuses. These options were also used for official transport.<ref>{{harvsp|Organizing committee|1984|pp=142–145}}</ref>

=== Visual identity ===

The [[emblem]] of the 1984 Winter Olympics was a stylized snowflake which also used the national embroidery motif overhung with the Olympic rings.<ref name = cio /> The [[Olympic mascot|mascot]] for the competition was chosen by readers of Yugoslav newspapers from among six entries. The mascot was a wolf named [[Vučko (mascot)|Vučko]] and created by Slovenian Jože Trobec.<ref>{{cite magazine | url = https://olympics.time.com/2010/05/21/those-loony-olympic-mascots/slide/vucko-sarajevo-1984/ | title = Those Loony Olympic Mascots | magazine = [[Time (magazine)|Time]] | date = March 13, 2012 | access-date= October 18, 2014}}</ref>

== Media ==
More than 3,000 employees of the Yugoslav public broadcaster, [[Yugoslav Radio Television]], produced 204 hours of television broadcasts. The number of countries in which received broadcasts of the games on television increased from 40 to 100 and the broadcasting rights, which were {{currency|20.7|USD}} million in 1980, stood at {{currency|102.7|USD}} million. Media revenue is shared between the organizing committee which received two-thirds and the IOC which collected one-third. The channel [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] spent {{currency|91.5|USD}} million to broadcast the footage in the United States, nearly 51% of all money spent on broadcasting rights.<ref>{{harvsp|Monnin|2010|p=203}}</ref><ref name = "Dunkelberger p. 383" />

The Games were covered by 7,393 representatives of the media from 39 countries: 2,363 journalists from the print media and 5,030 employees of television and radio channels.<ref name = cio /><ref>{{harvsp|Organizing committee|1984|p=134}}</ref> Seven Media Press Centers and International Broadcaster Centers were set at the various competition venues, the main one was inside the [[Skenderija]] Center.<ref>{{harvsp|Organizing committee|1984|pp=129–130}}</ref>

== Torch relay ==
{{Main|1984 Winter Olympics torch relay}}
[[File:Olympic torch Sarajevo 1984.jpg|thumb|upright=0.65|Olympic torch, Sarajevo 1984]]
The torch relay for the 1984 Winter Olympics started in [[Olympia, Greece|Olympia]] After being lit in Olympia, the flame was taken by car and plane to Athens via [[Andravida Air Base]], where it took off for [[Dubrovnik]] by airplane. The total distance of the torch relay through Yugoslavia was {{convert|5289|km}} plus {{convert|2879|km}} of local routes. There were two main routes: one in the west ([[Split, Croatia|Split]] – [[Ljubljana]] – [[Zagreb]] – [[Sarajevo]]), {{convert|2602|km}} in length; and the other in the east ([[Skopje]] – [[Novi Sad]] – [[Belgrade]] – Sarajevo), {{convert|2687|km}} in length. The final torchbearer, from a total of 1,600, was figure skater [[Sanda Dubravčić]], who received the torch from cross country skier [[Ivo Čarman]].<ref>{{harvsp|Organizing committee|1984|pp=122–124}}</ref> One of the two original torches is held in a private collection in [[Žalec, Slovenia]]. There are also 20 more torches in Greece, owned by individual athletes who were the torchbearers from Ancient [[Olympia, Greece|Olympia]] to [[Andravida Air Base]], where it took off for Dubrovnik.<ref>{{harvsp|Organizing committee|1984|pp=122–124}}</ref>
{{clear}}
[[File:1984 Winter Olympics opening ceremony at Koševo Stadium, Sarajevo.jpg|thumb|center|800px|Panoramic view of Koševo Stadium during the 1984 Winter Olympics opening ceremony]]

== Highlights ==
[[File:Sarajevo 1984 poster.png|thumb|right|The official poster of the 1984 Winter Olympics]]
* The Olympic flag was raised upside down during the opening ceremony by mistake,<ref>{{YouTube|1uQzHRBbXYI|Sarajevo Olympics 1984 opening ceremony}}</ref> a gaffe that was repeated at the [[2024 Summer Olympics opening ceremony]] in Paris.
* First Games under the presidency of [[Juan Antonio Samaranch]].
* The 20 kilometre race was added to women's Nordic skiing.
* Skier [[Jure Franko]] won Yugoslavia's first Winter Olympic medal; a silver in the [[giant slalom]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/news/giant-slalom-star-franko-thrills-yugoslavia |title=Giant Slalom Star Franko Thrills Yugoslavia |website=olympic.org |date=14 February 1984 |access-date=22 March 2021}}</ref>
* [[Marja-Liisa Hämäläinen]] won all three individual [[cross-country skiing|cross-country]] races for women.
* [[Gaétan Boucher]] and [[Karin Enke]] each won two gold medals in [[Long track speed skating|speed skating]], while [[East Germany|East German]] women won all but three out of the twelve medals in the sport.
* Austria, usually a formidable winter sports nation, won only one bronze medal. 
* Biathletes [[Eirik Kvalfoss]] and [[Peter Angerer]] earned a complete set of medals.
* Twin brothers [[Phil Mahre|Phil]] and [[Steve Mahre]] took first and second place in the [[Slalom skiing|slalom]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/02/20/sports/mahre-twins-win-slalom-medals-as-the-olympics-end-in-sarajevo.html |title=Mahre twins win slalom medals as the Olympics end in Sarajevo |last=Tagliabue |first=John |newspaper=The New York Times |date=20 February 1984 |access-date=22 March 2021}}</ref>
* [[Torvill and Dean]] of Great Britain earned across-the-board perfect scores for ''artistic impression'' in the free dance segment of the [[ice dance]] competition, a feat that was never matched.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/news/jayne-torvill-and-christopher-dean-perfection-on-ice |title=Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean: Perfection on ice |website=olympic.org |date=28 January 2015 |access-date=22 March 2021}}</ref>{{efn|The [[6.0 system|6.0]] judging system has since been replaced with the [[ISU Judging System]], therefore no other figure skater will earn perfect 6.0 scores in the future.}}
* The gold medals for figure skating were split among four nations: while [[Torvill and Dean]] won the ice dance competition for Great Britain, [[Elena Valova]] and [[Oleg Vasiliev (figure skater)|Oleg Vasiliev]] of the [[Soviet Union at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Soviet Union]] won the pair skating competition, [[Scott Hamilton (figure skater)|Scott Hamilton]] won gold for the [[United States at the 1984 Winter Olympics|United States]] in the men's singles, and [[Katarina Witt]] won the first of two consecutive gold medals for [[East Germany at the 1984 Winter Olympics|East Germany]] in the ladies' singles competition.
* [[Disabled skiing at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Disabled skiing]] was a [[demonstration sport]] for the first time.
* [[Bill Johnson (skier)|Bill Johnson]] became the first American to win an Olympic downhill event.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/bill-johnson-first-male-skier-outside-alpine-nations-win-olympic-downhill-gold-who-later-crashed-disastrously-a6854626.html |title=Bill Johnson: First male skier from outside the Alpine nations to win Olympic downhill gold who later crashed disastrously |date=5 February 2016 |last=Davison |first=Phil |work=The Independent |access-date=22 March 2021}}</ref>
* [[Lamine Guèye (skier)|Lamine Guèye]] of [[Senegal at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Senegal]] was the first [[Black African]] skier to compete in the Winter Olympics.
* The closing ceremony was held indoors in the figure skating venue. The next time the closing ceremony for the Winter Games was held indoors was the [[2010 Winter Olympics]] in [[Vancouver]].
* United States Vice President [[George H. W. Bush]] attended the opening ceremony of these games, and would later attend the [[1984 Summer Olympics closing ceremony]] in [[Los Angeles]], where the Olympic flag was next flown.

== Official mascot ==
{{main|Vučko (mascot)}}

Readers of Yugoslav newspapers were asked to choose the mascot for the 1984 Winter Olympics from a list of six finalists. The winner was Vučko, the little wolf, designed by Slovenian designer and illustrator Jože Trobec. The other finalists were a chipmunk, a lamb, a mountain goat, a porcupine, and a snowball.<ref>[https://olympics.time.com/2010/05/21/those-loony-olympic-mascots/slide/vucko-sarajevo-1984/ Those Loony Olympic Mascots], [[Time (magazine)|Time Olympics]], 21 May 2010</ref> The Vučko is a long-time symbol of Sarajevo.{{citation needed|date=February 2013}}
{{Clear}}

== Venues ==
[[File:Bijelasnica2.jpg|thumb|[[Bjelašnica]] alpine mountain]]
[[File:Igman.jpg|thumb|[[Igman Olympic Jumps]]]]
{{Main|Venues of the 1984 Winter Olympics}}

In 1978, the Sarajevo region had an artificial ice rink, a few cross-country ski trails and biathlon and alpine ski slopes. Most of the facilities remained to be built. The construction of the new venues began in the summer of 1979 and was completed in December 1982, which made it possible to organize 31 national and international test events during the pre-Olympic period.<ref>{{harvsp |Organizing committee| 1984|pp=100, 105}}</ref> All the events took place in Sarajevo or at the neighbour resorts in the [[Dinaric Alps]] located less than 25 kilometers from the city's downtown.<ref name = "Dunkelberger p. 382" />

The [[Koševo City Stadium]], built in 1947 in the center of Sarajevo, was completely renovated to host the opening ceremony of the Games. Its capacity was 45,000. The [[Zetra Olympic Hall]], with a capacity of 8,500, was built near the Koševo stadium for part of the ice hockey and figure skating events, as well as the closing ceremonies. The natural speed skating track was also set up in the same district. The Skenderija Complex, located in another part of town, was the main sporting venue of the city. It was renovated and expanded for the Games to include another temporary ice rink with a capacity of 8,500 seats, which hosted some games. The Skenderija Complex contained the main press center and the medal plaza, which for the first time was indoors.<ref>{{harvsp|Organizing committee|1984|p=105}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/SSK/ | title = Speed Skating at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games | work = sports-reference.com | access-date = October 18, 2014 | archive-date = 17 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417043022/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/SSK/ | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/ICH/ | title = Ice Hockey at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games | work = sports-reference.com | access-date = October 18, 2014 | archive-date = 17 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417053613/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/ICH/ | url-status = dead }}</ref>

The men's alpine ski races were held on [[Bjelašnica]], the highest mountain at 2,067 meters located southwest of Sarajevo. The women's events were contested on [[Jahorina]], at an altitude of 1,913 meters and located to the south-east of the city.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/ASK/ | title = Alpine Skiing at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games | work = sports-reference.com | access-date = October 18, 2014 | archive-date = 17 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417063632/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/ASK/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> The Nordic events took place on [[Igman]], in an area near Mount Bjelašnica. [[Igman Olympic Jumps]] of 70 and 90 meters were built in [[Igman|Malo Polje]]. The already existing cross-country ski and biathlon tracks in [[Igman|Veliko Polje]] were redeveloped and a new shooting range installed for the biathlon.<ref>{{harvsp|Organizing committee|1984|p=104}}</ref> A [[Sarajevo Olympic Bobsleigh and Luge Track|bobsleigh and luge track]], the first in the country's history, was built on the [[Trebević]] south-east of Sarajevo. The track has a length of 1300 meters and a drop of 126 meters.<ref name = "bobsleigh sr">{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/BOB/ | title = Boblseigh at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games | work = sports-reference.com | access-date = October 18, 2014 | archive-date = 17 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417063631/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/BOB/ | url-status = dead }}</ref>

=== Accommodation sites ===
The main [[Olympic village]] was built in the [[Mojmilo]] district of Sarajevo near the Koševo Stadium. Approximately 1,950 persons were accommodated in the 639 apartments available. The organizers built a secondary Olympic village on [[Mount Igman]] for athletes and coaches of cross-country skiing, Nordic combined and biathlon, with a capacity of 500 people. A press village built in the [[Dobrinja]] district accommodated representatives of the press, radio and television as well as accompanying staff with 2,100 apartments for a total of 8,500 beds. Members of the IOC, international sports federations, national committees and some NOCs with small delegations stayed in at existing [[Holiday Inn]] in Sarajevo comprising 340 rooms. Finally, another 19,400 beds were made available to tourists in minor hotels, private accommodation or rental apartments in the Sarajevo region.<ref>{{harvsp|Organizing committee|1984|pp=125–128}}</ref> A total of nine hotels were built and seven more were renovated for the Games.<ref>{{harvsp|Organizing committee|1984|p=106}}</ref>

=== City venues ===
* [[City Stadium Koševo (Sarajevo)|Koševo Stadium]] – Opening ceremony
* [[Olympic Hall Juan Antonio Samaranch|Zetra Ice Hall]] – figure skating, ice hockey (finals), closing ceremonies
* [[Zetra Ice Rink]] – speed skating
* [[Skenderija]] – ice hockey (auxiliary venue), main press center and indoor medal plaza.

=== Mountain venues ===
* [[Bjelašnica]] – alpine skiing (men)
* [[Jahorina ski resort|Jahorina]] – alpine skiing (women)
* [[Igman|Igman, Veliko Polje]] – cross-country skiing, Nordic combined (cross-country skiing), biathlon
* [[Igman Olympic Jumps]] – Nordic combined (ski jumping), ski jumping
* [[Sarajevo Olympic Bobsleigh and Luge Track]] at [[Trebević]] – bobsleigh, luge

=== Other facilities ===
* Olympic Village, [[Mojmilo]]
* Press Village, [[Dobrinja]]
{{Clear}}

== Events ==

There were 39 events contested in 6 sports (10 disciplines).
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*{{GamesSport|Alpine skiing|Events=6}}
*{{GamesSport|Biathlon|Events=3}}
*{{GamesSport|Bobsleigh|Events=2}}
*{{GamesSport|Cross country skiing|Events=8}}
*{{GamesSport|Figure skating|Events=4}}
*{{GamesSport|Ice hockey|Events=1}}
*{{GamesSport|Luge|Events=3}}
*{{GamesSport|Nordic combined|Events=1}}
*{{GamesSport|Ski jumping|Events=2}}
*{{GamesSport|Speed skating|Events=9}}
{{div col end}}

=== Biathlon ===
{{Main|Biathlon at the 1984 Winter Olympics}}
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1983-0305-014, Frank-Peter Roetsch.jpg|thumb|upright|The Olympic champion [[Frank-Peter Rötsch]] in 1983]]
The [[biathlon]] events were held in Veliko Polje on Mount [[Igman]].

Biathlon races began with the individual 20&nbsp;km sprint. The 19-year-old East German [[Frank-Peter Rötsch]] quickly took the lead, but it was ultimately the West German [[Peter Angerer]] who won with a time one minute faster. Rötsch was second, and the bronze medal went to the Norwegian [[Eirik Kvalfoss]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/BIA/mens-20-kilometres-sprint.html | title = Biathlon at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games: Men's 20 kilometres Sprint | work = sports-reference.com | access-date = October 28, 2014 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The next event was the 10&nbsp;km sprint. Kvalfoss, world champion in 1982 and 1983, won the race despite two missed targets. Angerer won the silver medal due to a good finish and the East German [[Matthias Jacob]] was the bronze medalist. The reigning Olympic champion [[Frank Ullrich]] missed three targets and finished only 17th.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/BIA/mens-10-kilometres-sprint.html | title = Biathlon at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games: Men's 10 kilometres Sprint | work = sports-reference.com | access-date = October 28, 2014 | archive-date = 17 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417192107/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/BIA/mens-10-kilometres-sprint.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> The Soviets did not win an individual medal and were not favorites for the relay. [[Dmitry Vasilyev (biathlete)|Dmitriy Vasilyev]], [[Juri Kashkarov]], [[Algimantas Šalna]] and [[Sergei Bulygin]] won the race however; this was the fifth consecutive time that the Soviet Union had won gold in the relay since the start of the event in 1968. Norway finished second with 1:20 ahead of East Germany. Kvalfoss and Angerer therefore ended the Games with three medals in three different events.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/BIA/mens-4-x-7_5-kilometers-relay.html | title = Biathlon at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games Men's 4 × 7.5 kilometers Relay | work= sports-reference.com | access-date = October 28, 2014}}</ref>

=== Bobsleigh ===
{{Main|Bobsleigh at the 1984 Winter Olympics}}
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1985-0311-034, Wolfgang Hoppe, Dietmar Schauerhammer.jpg|thumb|upright|East Germans [[Wolfgang Hoppe]] and [[Dietmar Schauerhammer]] in 1985]]
The [[bobsleigh]] races took place on the [[Sarajevo Olympic Bobsleigh and Luge Track|bobsleigh/luge track]] built on the [[Trebević]] mountain. The East Germans dominated the discipline as they won the two gold medals and two silver medals. As of 2020, this performance has still not been matched.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/BOB/ | title = Bobsleigh at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games | work = sports-reference.com | access-date = November 1, 2014 | archive-date = 17 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417063631/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/BOB/ | url-status = dead }}</ref>

East Germans [[Wolfgang Hoppe]] and [[Dietmar Schauerhammer]] won the two-man bobsleigh event setting the fastest time in three of the four runs. They finished half a second ahead of their compatriots [[Bernhard Lehmann]] and [[Bogdan Musiol]]. The bobsledders of the Soviet Union created a surprise by placing third and fourth while the Swiss, world champions in 1982 and 1983, had to be content with fifth and sixth places. Swede [[Carl-Erik Eriksson]] was the first athlete to compete in six editions of the Olympic Winter Games. At 53 years old, he was also the oldest athlete at the 1984 Games.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/BOB/mens-two.html | title = Bobsleigh at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games: Men's Two | work = sports-reference.com | access-date = November 1, 2014 | archive-date = 17 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417204841/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/BOB/mens-two.html | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{harvsp|Wallechinsky|2001|p=161}}</ref>

In the four-man bobsleigh event, Hoppe again finished first ahead of Lehmann while [[Silvio Giobellina]]'s Swiss bobsleigh won the bronze medal. These three crews finished all the heats in the first three places and in the same order. The differences were large since the Swiss bob 2 crew, which came in fourth, was 2:68 behind.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/BOB/mens-four.html | title = Bobsleigh at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games: Men's Four | work = sports-reference.com | access-date = November 1, 2014 | archive-date = 17 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417204834/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/BOB/mens-four.html | url-status = dead }}</ref>

=== Nordic Combined ===
{{main| Nordic Combined at the 1984 Winter Olympics}}
The [[Nordic combined]] athletes competed in three jumps on the 70 meter hill, the two best being counted, then raced 15 kilometers on the tracks of Mount Igman the next day. The classification was established according to a points system.<ref name = "sports-ref">{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/NCO/mens-individual.html | title = Nordic Combined at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games: Men's Individual | work = sports-reference.com | access-date = November 1, 2014 | archive-date = 17 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417182037/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/NCO/mens-individual.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> The Norwegian [[Tom Sandberg]] was in first place after the jumps. Among the other favorites, the Finns [[Rauno Miettinen]] and [[Jouko Karjalainen]] occupied the sixth and 15th ranks. Karjalainen won the cross-country ski race with 1:20.7 ahead of second-placed Sandberg, but it was not enough to overtake him in the final standings. Sandberg was the Olympic gold medal champion and Karjalainen silver medalist. Surprisingly, fifth in the two events, the Finn [[Jukka Ylipulli]] won the bronze medal and Miettenen, ninth in cross-country skiing, finished fourth.<ref name = "sports-ref" />

=== Ice hockey ===
{{main article| Ice hockey at the 1984 Winter Olympics}}
The [[ice hockey]] tournament took place on two rinks: the main was the [[Zetra Olympic Hall, Sarajevo|Zetra Olympic Hall]], which was built specifically for the Games, and the [[Skenderija]] rink. The twelve teams were divided into two groups of six, and the two best teams of each group qualified for the final pool, with any points acquired against the teams in the same pool being carried forward.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/ICH/ | title = Ice Hockey at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games | work = sports-reference.com | access-date = November 1, 2014 | archive-date = 17 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417053613/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/ICH/ | url-status = dead }}</ref>

There was controversy over player eligibility in advance of the Games. The IOC regulations stated that players who had signed a [[professional sport|professional]] contract could not participate, while the [[International Ice Hockey Federation]] ruled that only players who had played a professional match were deemed ineligible. Finally, all players who had signed a contract or played a game in the [[National Hockey League]] were ineligible to take part in the Games. Conversely, Soviets and Czechoslovaks who had participated in no other activity than ice hockey could participate without any restriction.<ref name = "hockey sr" />

The Soviets won all their matches, notably thanks to the [[KLM Line]] made up of [[Vladimir Krutov]], [[Igor Larionov]], and [[Sergei Makarov (ice hockey, born 1958)|Sergei Makarov]]. Continuing the tradition from the 1964 to 1976 Games, the Soviet Union won the gold medal with a 2–0 win over the Czechoslovaks who took silver. Sweden defeated Canada 2–0 to win the bronze.<ref>{{harvsp|Mogore|1989|p=176}}</ref><ref name = "hockey sr">{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/ICH/mens-ice-hockey.html | title = Ice Hockey at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games: Men's Ice Hockey | work = sports-reference.com | access-date = November 1, 2014 | archive-date = 17 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417180258/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/ICH/mens-ice-hockey.html | url-status = dead }}</ref>

=== Luge ===
{{Main article | Luge at the 1984 Winter Olympics}}
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1983-0206-005, Steffi Martin.jpg|thumb|Gold medalist [[Steffi Martin]] in 1983]]
The [[luge]] competitions were held on the [[Sarajevo Olympic Bobsleigh and Luge Track]] built on the Trebević mountain. The East German [[Torsten Görlitzer]] and the Italian [[Ernst Haspinger]] dominated the first two rounds of the men's event, but they both lost time in the third round. The Italian [[Paul Hildgartner]], silver medalist in 1980, set the best time of the last two races and became Olympic champion. The podium was completed by the Soviets [[Sergey Danilin]] and [[Valery Dudin]]. This was the first time that East Germany had not won a medal in the men's luge competition at the Olympic Games since 1964.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/LUG/mens-singles.html | title = Luge at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games: Men's Singles | work = sports-reference.com | access-date = November 2, 2014 | archive-date = 18 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200418012159/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/LUG/mens-singles.html | url-status = dead }}</ref>

East Germany dominated the women's event, taking the first three places in every round. World champion in 1983, [[Steffi Martin]] won all four races and won the gold medal, [[Bettina Schmidt]] won the silver medal, and [[Ute Oberhoffner]] won bronze.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/LUG/womens-singles.html | title = Luge at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games: Women's Singles | work = sports-reference.com | access-date = November 2, 2014 | archive-date = 18 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200418132455/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/LUG/womens-singles.html | url-status = dead }}</ref>

The doubles event was very close as the Soviets [[Yevgeny Belousov]] and [[Aleksandr Belyakov (luger)|Aleksandr Belyakov]] were first by 6.7 hundredths of a second after the opening round, but a small mistake at the end of the second and final round cost them the victory. The West Germans [[Hans Stangassinger]] and [[Franz Wembacher]] won the Olympic title, 4 hundredths of a second ahead of Belousov and Beliakov, and the East Germans [[Jörg Hoffmann (luger)|Jörg Hoffmann]] and [[Jochen Pietzsch]] won bronze.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/LUG/mixed-mens-doubles.html | title = Luge at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games: Mixed (Men) 's Doubles | work = sports-reference.com | access-date = November 2, 2014 | archive-date = 18 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200418124110/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/LUG/mixed-mens-doubles.html | url-status = dead }}</ref>

=== Figure skating ===
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1985-1221-003, Katarina Witt.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Katarina Witt]] in 1985]]
{{main article| Figure skating at the 1984 Winter Olympics}}
The [[figure skating]] events took place at the Zetra Ice Hall. The American [[Scott Hamilton (figure skater)|Scott Hamilton]], world champion from 1981 to 1983, was first after the compulsory figures of the men's competition. The Canadian [[Brian Orser]] won the short program and the free skate ahead of Hamilton. Orser, who finished seventh in the compulsory figures, won the silver medal, while Hamilton won gold. The bronze medal went to Czechoslovakian [[Jozef Sabovčík]].<ref>{{harvsp|Wallechinsky|2001|pp = 44–45}}</ref>

The favorites in the women's competition were the Americans [[Elaine Zayak]] and [[Rosalynn Sumners]], world champions in 1982 and 1983, respectively, as well as East Germany's [[Katarina Witt]]. Zayak was only thirteenth in the compulsory figures, which Sumners won, and Witt came third. The East German won the short program while Sumners took fifth place. In the free skate, Witt had a good performance that allowed her to win the gold medal while Sumners, who had a less difficult program than expected, settled for the silver medal. The Soviet [[Kira Ivanova]] took third place.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/FSK/womens-singles.html | title = Figure Skating at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games: Women's Singles | work = sports-reference.com | access-date = November 8, 2014 | archive-date = 18 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200418124327/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/FSK/womens-singles.html | url-status = dead }}</ref>

The Soviets [[Elena Valova]] and [[Oleg Vasiliev (figure skater)|Oleg Vassiliev]], world champions in 1983, won the short program and the free program and finished in first place in the pairs event. American siblings [[Kitty Carruthers|Kitty]] and [[Peter Carruthers (figure skater)|Peter Carruthers]] were second and another Soviet pair, [[Larisa Seleznyova]] and [[Oleg Vitalyevich Makarov|Oleg Makarov]], finished third.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/FSK/mixed-pairs.html | title = Figure Skating at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games: Mixed Pairs | work = sports-reference.com | access-date = November 8, 2014 | archive-date = 18 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200418015806/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/FSK/mixed-pairs.html | url-status = dead }}</ref>

British ice dancers [[Jayne Torvill]] and [[Christopher Dean]] did not disappoint the public. They carried out a very original program set to the music of ''[[Boléro]]'' by [[Maurice Ravel]] and the nine judges give them the maximum score of six for artistic impression. Torvill and Dean become Olympic champions ahead of two Soviet couples ([[Natalia Bestemianova]]/[[Andrei Bukin]] and [[Marina Klimova]]/[[Sergei Ponomarenko]]).<ref>{{harvsp|Wallechinsky|2001|p = 88}}</ref>

=== Speed skating ===
[[File:Karin Enke 1983b.jpg|thumb|upright=0.85|[[Karin Enke]] (pictured in 1983) won four medals in Sarajevo.]]
{{main article| Speed skating at the 1984 Winter Olympics}}
For the Games, an outdoor track was constructed with natural ice near the Zetra Olympic Hall.<ref name = "speed skating" >{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/SSK/ | title = Speed Skating at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games | work = sports-reference. com | access-date = November 9, 2014 | archive-date = 17 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417043022/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/SSK/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> The Soviet [[Sergey Fokichev]] won the 500 meters ahead of the Japanese skater [[Yoshihiro Kitazawa]]. [[Erroll Fraser]], representing the [[British Virgin Islands at the 1984 Winter Olympics|British Virgin Islands]], was the first athlete from the [[Caribbean]] to compete in a Winter Games.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/SSK/mens-500-metres.html | title = Speed Skating at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games: Men's 500 meters | work = sports-reference.com | access-date = November 9, 2014 | archive-date = 17 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417205746/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/SSK/mens-500-metres.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> After finishing third in the 500 meters, the Canadian [[Gaétan Boucher]] won the 1,000 and the 1,500 meters; the Quebecer ended the Games with three medals. Soviet [[Sergey Khlebnikov]] was second in these two races and the bronze medals were awarded to the Norwegian [[Kai Arne Engelstad]] and the Soviet [[Oleg Bozhev]] respectively.<ref name = "speed skating" /> The Swede [[Tomas Gustafson]], who picked up the training techniques of [[Eric Heiden]], won the 5,000 meters ahead of the Soviet [[Igor Malkov]]. In the 10,000 meters, Malkov was this time ahead of Gustafson. The East German [[René Schöfisch]] finished third in the two events.<ref name = "speed skating" /><ref>{{harvsp|Mogore|1989|p = 173}}</ref>

East Germany dominated the women's events, winning all of the gold and silver medals as well as a bronze medal, taking nine medals out of the twelve available. [[Karin Enke]], who had won several world titles since winning the 500 meters Olympic gold in 1980, was the favorite in all four races. In the first event, the 1,500 meters, she easily won the gold medal by breaking the world record. She finished ahead of [[Andrea Ehrig-Mitscherlich|Andrea Ehrig]] and the Soviet [[Natalya Petrusyova]], who were also among the favorites. The world record holder [[Christa Luding]] won the 500 meters ahead of Enke and the Soviet [[Natalya Glebova]]. The 1,000 meters podium was identical to that of the 1,500 meters contested three days earlier. In the last race, the 3,000 meters, the East Germans won all three medals: Ehrig ahead of Enke and [[Gabi Zange]]. This was the third time that a country had won the first three places in an Olympic speed skating event. Enke ended the Games with four medals and Ehring with three.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/SSK/womens-1500-meters.html | title = Speed Skating at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games: Women's 1,500 meters | work= sports-reference.com | access-date = November 11, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/SSK/womens-500-metres.html | title = Speed Skating at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games: Women's 500 meters | work = sports-reference.com | access-date = November 11, 2014 | archive-date = 17 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417214008/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/SSK/womens-500-metres.html | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/SSK/womens-3000-metres.html | title = Speed Skating at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games: Women's 3000 meters | work = sports-reference.com | access-date = November 11, 2014 | archive-date = 17 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417214014/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/SSK/womens-3000-metres.html | url-status = dead }}</ref>

=== Ski jumping ===
[[File:Igman.jpg|thumb|The ski jumping hills of [[Igman|Mount Igman]]]]
{{Main article | Ski jumping at the 1984 Winter Olympics}}
The [[ski jumping]] events took place on the [[Igman|Igman hills]], southwest of Sarajevo in windy weather conditions. On the normal hill, 20-year-old [[Matti Nykänen]] of Finland led the standings after the first round by achieving a jump of 91 meters. The 19-year-old East German [[Jens Weissflog]] was second with a jump of 90 meters. In the second run, Weissflog jumped to 87 meters and Nykänen, who would have won gold with a jump of 86 meters, landed at 84 meters. The East German was the Olympic champion ahead of the Finn. [[Jari Puikkonen]], also Finnish, produced the best jump of the event: a jump of 91.5 meters allowed him to move up from 21st to third place. The final scores were close: there was a 1.2 point difference between the first and the second as well as between the second and the third.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/SKJ/mens-normal-hill-individual.html | title = Ski Jumping at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games: Men's Normal Hill, Individual | work = sports-reference.com | access-date = November 11, 2014 | archive-date = 17 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417182155/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/SKJ/mens-normal-hill-individual.html | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Nykänen largely dominated the event on the big hill. He jumped to 116 meters in the first run, while Weissflog only reached 107 meters. The Finn increased his lead by also producing the best jump of the second set. He won the Olympic title with a 17.5 points lead, the biggest gap between first and second in Olympic ski jumping history. Weissflog finished second and Czechoslovakian [[Pavel Ploc]] took third place.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/SKJ/mens-large-hill-individual.html | title = Ski Jumping at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games: Men's Large Hill, Individual | work = sports-reference.com | access-date = November 11, 2014 | archive-date = 17 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417182158/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/SKJ/mens-large-hill-individual.html | url-status = dead }}</ref>

=== Alpine skiing ===
{{main article| Alpine skiing at the 1984 Winter Olympics}}

The [[alpine skiing]] races took place on two different mountains: the men's events were contested on [[Bjelašnica]] and the women's events on [[Jahorina]]. The events started on February 13, four days behind schedule, because of strong winds and heavy snowfall.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/ASK/ | title = Alpine Skiing at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games | work = sports-reference.com | access-date = November 14, 2014 | archive-date = 17 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417063632/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/ASK/ | url-status = dead }}</ref>

The American [[Bill Johnson (skier)|Bill Johnson]], winner at [[Wengen]] in January, won the downhill ahead of the Swiss [[Peter Müller (skier)|Peter Müller]] and the Austrian [[Anton Steiner]]. Johnson became the first American male to win a downhill medal in alpine skiing at the Olympic Games.<ref>{{harvsp|Wallechinsky|2001|pp = 193–194}}</ref> The Swede [[Ingemar Stenmark]], considered one of the best skiers in the world in technical events, surrendered his Olympic eligibility in order to negotiate an agreement with the Swedish Ski Association to personally retain more of his sponsorship money.<ref name="Vuic p.126">{{harvsp|Vuic|2015|p=126}}</ref> Also missing was [[Marc Girardelli]], who previously refused to train with the Austrian team and competed under the [[Luxembourg]] flag. Girardelli did not have Luxembourg citizenship and was not permitted to compete in the Games.<ref name="Vuic p.126"/> The Swiss [[Max Julen]] set the fastest time of the first heat and the second of the second heat and became Olympic champion.

The Slovenian [[Jure Franko]], winner of the second round and second in the final standings, won the first Yugoslav medal in the history of the Winter Games. The bronze medal went to [[Andreas Wenzel]] of Liechtenstein.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/ASK/mens-giant-slalom.html | title = Alpine Skiing at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games: Men's Giant Slalom | work = sports-reference.com | access-date = November 14, 2014 | archive-date = 17 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417200000/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/ASK/mens-giant-slalom.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> The American [[Phil Mahre]], favorite in Stenmark's absence, finished first in the slalom ahead of his twin brother [[Steve Mahre|Steve]]. This was the eighth time that siblings had taken the top two places in an individual Olympic event, but the Mahres were the first twins to achieve this performance. The French [[Didier Bouvet]] won the bronze medal.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/ASK/mens-slalom.html | title = Alpine Skiing at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games: Men's Giant Slalom | work = sports-reference.com | access-date = November 14, 2014 | archive-date = 18 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200418132553/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/ASK/mens-slalom.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> Both Mahre brothers retired from professional skiing after the Games at the age of 26.<ref name="Vuic p.126"/>

The Swiss [[Michela Figini]] won her first World Cup race two weeks before the Games. First of three of the five training heats in Sarajevo, she won the downhill ahead of her compatriot [[Maria Walliser]] and the Czechoslovak [[Olga Charvátová]]. At 17 years old, Figini became the youngest Olympic champion in alpine skiing.<ref>{{harvsp|Wallechinsky|2001|p = 222}}</ref> The giant slalom podium was unexpected: the American [[Debbie Armstrong]], who had never won a World Cup race, won gold ahead of her compatriot [[Christin Cooper]]. The Frenchwoman [[Perrine Pelen]] was third while another American, [[Tamara McKinney]], finished in fourth place.<ref>{{harvsp|Wallechinsky|2001|p = 231}}</ref> Only 21 of the 45 starters completed the two heats of the slalom. The Frenchwoman [[Christelle Guignard]] won the first round but did not complete the second. The Italian [[Paoletta Magoni]], fourth in the first round and winner of the second round, became Olympic champion despite having also never won the World Cup. Pelen won a second medal, silver, ahead of Liechtenstein's [[Ursula Konzett]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/ASK/womens-slalom.html | title = Alpine Skiing at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games: Women's Slalom | work = sports-reference.com | access-date = November 14, 2014 | archive-date = 17 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417202723/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/ASK/womens-slalom.html | url-status = dead }}</ref>

=== Cross-country skiing ===
{{main article| Cross-country skiing at the 1984 Winter Olympics}}
The [[cross-country skiing (sport)|cross-country skiing]] races took place in Veliko Polje, on the Igman mountain. A new technique, [[Cross-country skiing (sport)#Skate skiing|skate skiing]], was widely used at the 1984 Games. However, it was prohibited on the last 200 meters of each race to avoid falls. The women's 20 kilometers, contested at the 1978 and 1982 World Championships, appeared at the Olympic Games.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/CCS/ | title = Cross Country Skiing at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games | work = sports-reference.com | access-date = November 14, 2014 | archive-date = 17 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417053720/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/CCS/ | url-status = dead }}</ref>

In the 15 kilometers, the Finn [[Harri Kirvesniemi]] led the race after 5.8 kilometers, but it was the Swede [[Gunde Svan]] who won. [[Aki Karvonen]] and Kirvesniemi, both Finnish, completed the podium.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/CCS/mens-15-kilometres.html | title = Cross Country Skiing at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games: Men's 15 kilometers | work = sports-reference.com | access-date = November 14, 2014 | archive-date = 17 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417181610/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/CCS/mens-15-kilometres.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> The 30 kilometers took place under difficult conditions. Three-time Olympic champion in 1980, the Soviet [[Nikolaj Zimjatov]], won another gold medal ahead of his compatriot [[Alexander Savjalov]] and Svan. Zimjatov was the third cross-country skier ever to win four Olympic titles after the Swede [[Sixten Jernberg]] and the Soviet [[Galina Kulakova]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/CCS/mens-30-kilometres.html | title = Cross Country Skiing at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games: Men's 30 kilometers | work = sports-reference.com | access-date = November 14, 2014 | archive-date = 17 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417181609/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/CCS/mens-30-kilometres.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> After a tight 50 kilometers, the Swede [[Thomas Wassberg]] took the gold, just 4.9 seconds ahead of Svan, while Karvonen finished third.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/CCS/mens-50-kilometres.html | title = Cross Country Skiing at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games: Men's 50 kilometers | work = sports-reference.com | access-date = November 14, 2014 | archive-date = 17 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417181611/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/CCS/mens-50-kilometres.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> In the 4&nbsp;×&nbsp;10 kilometer relay, Svan, the last rider of the Swedish team, took ten seconds ahead of the Soviet, Zimjatov, and finished in first place. Finland, eighth after the first skier, took the bronze medal. Svan ended his Games with four medals (two gold, one silver, and one bronze).<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/CCS/mens-4-x-10-kilometres-relay.html | title = Cross Country Skiing at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games: Men's 4 × 10 kilometers Relay | work = sports-reference.com | access-date = November 14, 2014 | archive-date = 17 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417181612/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/CCS/mens-4-x-10-kilometres-relay.html | url-status = dead }}</ref>

After unsuccessfully competing in the 1976 and 1980 Olympics, Finland's [[Marja-Liisa Hämäläinen]] led the overall World Cup standings in 1983. In Sarajevo, she first won the 10 kilometers almost 19 seconds ahead of the Soviet [[Raisa Smetanina]], the Olympic champion in 1976. The Norwegian [[Brit Pettersen]] won the bronze medal. Hämäläinen then won the 5 kilometers, 10 seconds ahead of the Norwegian [[Berit Aunli]] and 14 seconds ahead of the Czechoslovak [[Květoslava Jeriová-Pecková]]. She also won the 20 kilometers ahead of Smetanina and the Norwegian [[Anne Jahren]]. Norway, already in the lead after the first skier, won the 4&nbsp;×&nbsp;5 kilometers. Czechoslovakia won their first Olympic relay medal, silver, two seconds ahead of Finland who won the bronze medal. Hämäläinen, who won all three individual events as well as bronze in the relay, was the only three-time gold medalist of these Games.<ref>{{harvsp|Wallechinsky|2001|pp = 271, 281}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/CCS/womens-20-kilometres.html | title = Cross Country Skiing at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games: Women's 20 | work = sports-reference.com | access-date = November 15, 2014 | archive-date = 17 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417180542/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/CCS/womens-20-kilometres.html | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/CCS/womens-4-x-5-kilometres-relay.html | title = Cross Country Skiing at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games: Women's 4 × 5 kilometers Relay | work = sports-reference.com | access-date = November 15, 2014 | archive-date = 17 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417180538/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/CCS/womens-4-x-5-kilometres-relay.html | url-status = dead }}</ref>

===Demonstration sport===
* [[Disabled skiing at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Disabled skiing]]

==Calendar==
The 1984 Winter Olympics took place from Wednesday 8 to Sunday 19 February, the dates were chosen to extend over twelve days and two weekends, like the previous editions. However, due to the competition format the [[Ice hockey at the 1984 Winter Olympics|ice hockey]] tournament began on February 7, one day before the Opening Ceremony.<ref name = "Organizing Committee, p. 15 ">{{harvsp|Organizing committee|1984|p=15}}</ref> The number of events increased from thirty-eight to thirty-nine, as the 20 kilometers women's skiing event was added to the [[Cross-country skiing at the 1984 Winter Olympics|cross-country skiing]] competitions.<ref name = universalis>{{cite web | url = http://www.olympic.org/fr/sarajevo-1984-olympiques-hiver | url-access = registration | title = Sarajevo (1984 Olympic Games) - Context, organization, results | author = Pierre Lagrue | publisher = [[Encyclopædia Universalis]] | access-date = September 27, 2014}}</ref> Around 430,000 attend the competitions.<ref>{{harvsp | Monnin | 2010|p=207}}</ref>

:''All dates are in [[Central European Time]] ([[UTC+1]])''
<section begin="Calendar"/>
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:90%;position:relative;"
|-
|style="width:2.5em; background:#00cc33; text-align:center"|'''OC'''||Opening ceremony
|style="width:2.5em; background:#3399ff; text-align:center"|●||Event competitions
|style="width:2.5em; background:#ffcc00; text-align:center"|'''1'''||Event finals
|style="width:2.5em; background:#ee3333; text-align:center"|'''CC'''||Closing ceremony
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:90%; line-height:1.25em;"
|-
! colspan=2|February 
!style="width:2.5em"|7th<br/>Tue
!style="width:2.5em"|8th<br/>Wed
!style="width:2.5em"|9th<br/>Thu
!style="width:2.5em"|10th<br/>Fri
!style="width:2.5em"|11th<br/>Sat
!style="width:2.5em"|12th<br/>Sun
!style="width:2.5em"|13th<br/>Mon
!style="width:2.5em"|14th<br/>Tue
!style="width:2.5em"|15th<br/>Wed
!style="width:2.5em"|16th<br/>Thu
!style="width:2.5em"|17th<br/>Fri
!style="width:2.5em"|18th<br/>Sat
!style="width:2.5em"|19th<br/>Sun
!Events
|-
| colspan=2|[[File:Olympic Rings Icon.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] Ceremonies || ||style="background-color:#00cc33;text-align:center;"|'''OC'''||  || ||  || || || || || || || || style="background-color:#ee3333;text-align:center;"|'''CC'''||{{n/a}}
|- align="center"
| colspan=2 align="left" | [[Image:Alpine skiing pictogram.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] [[Alpine skiing at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Alpine skiing]]
<!-- 7 -->| 
<!-- 8 -->| 
<!-- 9 -->|  
<!-- 10 -->|
<!-- 11 -->| 
<!-- 12 -->| 
<!-- 13 -->| style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''1'''
<!-- 14 -->| style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''1'''
<!-- 15 -->| 
<!-- 16 -->| style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''2'''
<!-- 17 -->| style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''1'''
<!-- 18 -->| 
<!-- 19 -->| style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''1'''
<!--  T -->| '''6'''
|- align="center"
| colspan=2 align="left" | [[Image:Biathlon pictogram.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] [[Biathlon at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Biathlon]]
<!-- 7 -->| 
<!-- 8 -->| 
<!-- 9 -->| 
<!-- 10 -->|
<!-- 11 -->| style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''1'''
<!-- 12 -->| 
<!-- 13 -->| 
<!-- 14 -->| style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''1'''
<!-- 15 -->| 
<!-- 16 -->| 
<!-- 17 -->| style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''1'''
<!-- 18 -->| 
<!-- 19 -->| 
<!--  T -->| '''3'''
|- align="center"
| colspan=2 align="left" | [[Image:Bobsleigh pictogram.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] [[Bobsleigh at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Bobsleigh]]
<!-- 7 -->| 
<!-- 8 -->| 
<!-- 9 -->| 
<!-- 10 -->|style="background-color:#3399ff;"|●
<!-- 11 -->|style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''1'''
<!-- 12 -->| 
<!-- 13 -->| 
<!-- 14 -->| 
<!-- 15 -->| 
<!-- 16 -->| 
<!-- 17 -->| style="background-color:#3399ff;"|●
<!-- 18 -->| style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''1'''
<!-- 19 -->| 
<!--  T -->| '''2'''
|- align="center"
| colspan=2 align="left" | [[Image:Cross country skiing pictogram.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] [[Cross country skiing at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Cross country skiing]]
<!-- 7 -->| 
<!-- 8 -->|
<!-- 9 -->|  style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''1'''
<!-- 10 -->| style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''1'''
<!-- 11 -->|
<!-- 12 -->| style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''1'''
<!-- 13 -->| style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''1'''
<!-- 14 -->| 
<!-- 15 -->| style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''1'''
<!-- 16 -->| style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''1'''
<!-- 17 -->|
<!-- 18 -->| style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''1'''
<!-- 19 -->| style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''1'''
<!--  T -->| '''8'''
|- align="center"
| colspan=2 align="left" | [[Image:Figure skating pictogram.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] [[Figure skating at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Figure skating]]
<!-- 7 -->| 
<!-- 8 -->| 
<!-- 9 -->| 
<!-- 10 -->| style="background-color:#3399ff;"|●
<!-- 11 -->| 
<!-- 12 -->| style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''1'''
<!-- 13 -->| style="background-color:#3399ff;"|●
<!-- 14 -->| style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''1'''
<!-- 15 -->| style="background-color:#3399ff;"|●
<!-- 16 -->| style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''1'''
<!-- 17 -->| 
<!-- 18 -->| style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''1'''
<!-- 19 -->| 
<!--  T -->| '''4'''
|- align="center"
| colspan=2 align="left" | [[Image:Ice hockey pictogram.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] [[Ice hockey at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Ice hockey]]
<!-- 7 -->| style="background-color:#3399ff;"|● 
<!-- 8 -->| 
<!-- 9 -->| style="background-color:#3399ff;"|●
<!-- 10 -->| 
<!-- 11 -->| style="background-color:#3399ff;"|●
<!-- 12 -->| 
<!-- 13 -->| style="background-color:#3399ff;"|●
<!-- 14 -->| 
<!-- 15 -->| style="background-color:#3399ff;"|●
<!-- 16 -->| 
<!-- 17 -->| style="background-color:#3399ff;"|●
<!-- 18 -->| 
<!-- 19 -->| style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''1'''
<!--  T -->| '''1'''
|- align="center"
| colspan=2 align="left" | [[Image:Luge pictogram.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] [[Luge at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Luge]]
<!-- 7 -->| 
<!-- 8 -->| 
<!-- 9 -->| style="background-color:#3399ff;"|●
<!-- 10 -->| style="background-color:#3399ff;"|●
<!-- 11 -->| style="background-color:#3399ff;"|●
<!-- 12 -->| style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''2'''
<!-- 13 -->| 
<!-- 14 -->| 
<!-- 15 -->| style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''1'''
<!-- 16 -->| 
<!-- 17 -->|
<!-- 18 -->| 
<!-- 19 -->| 
<!--  T -->| '''3'''
|- align="center"
| colspan=2 align="left" | [[Image:Nordic combined pictogram.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] [[Nordic combined at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Nordic combined]]
<!-- 7 -->| 
<!-- 8 -->| 
<!-- 9 -->| 
<!-- 10 -->| 
<!-- 11 -->| style="background-color:#3399ff;"|●
<!-- 12 -->| style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''1'''
<!-- 13 -->| 
<!-- 14 -->| 
<!-- 15 -->| 
<!-- 16 -->| 
<!-- 17 -->|
<!-- 18 -->| 
<!-- 19 -->| 
<!--  T -->| '''1'''
|- align="center"
| colspan=2 align="left" | [[Image:Ski jumping pictogram.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] [[Ski jumping at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Ski jumping]]
<!-- 7 -->| 
<!-- 8 -->| 
<!-- 9 -->| 
<!-- 10 -->| 
<!-- 11 -->| 
<!-- 12 -->| style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''1'''
<!-- 13 -->|
<!-- 14 -->| 
<!-- 15 -->| 
<!-- 16 -->| 
<!-- 17 -->| 
<!-- 18 -->| style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''1'''
<!-- 19 -->| 
<!--  T -->| '''2'''
|- align="center"
| colspan=2 align="left" | [[Image:Speed skating pictogram.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] [[Speed skating at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Speed skating]]
<!-- 7 -->| 
<!-- 8 -->|
<!-- 9 -->| style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''1'''
<!-- 10 -->| style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''2'''
<!-- 11 -->|
<!-- 12 -->| style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''1'''
<!-- 13 -->| style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''1'''
<!-- 14 -->| style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''1'''
<!-- 15 -->| style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''1'''
<!-- 16 -->| style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''1'''
<!-- 17 -->| 
<!-- 18 -->| style="background-color:#ffcc00;"|'''1'''
<!-- 19 -->| 
<!--  T -->| '''9'''
|-
!colspan=2| Daily medal events !!  !!  !! 2 !! 3 !! 2 !! 7 !! 3 !! 4 !! 3 !! 5 !! 2 !!  5!!  3!!  rowspan=2|39
|-
!colspan=2|Cumulative total!!  !!  !! 2 !! 5 !! 7 !! 14 !! 17 !! 21 !! 24 !! 29 !!31  !!36  !!39  
|-
! colspan=2|February 
!style="width:2.5em"|7th<br/>Tue
!style="width:2.5em"|8th<br/>Wed
!style="width:2.5em"|9th<br/>Thu
!style="width:2.5em"|10th<br/>Fri
!style="width:2.5em"|11th<br/>Sat
!style="width:2.5em"|12th<br/>Sun
!style="width:2.5em"|13th<br/>Mon
!style="width:2.5em"|14th<br/>Tue
!style="width:2.5em"|15th<br/>Wed
!style="width:2.5em"|16th<br/>Thu
!style="width:2.5em"|17th<br/>Fri
!style="width:2.5em"|18th<br/>Sat
!style="width:2.5em"|19th<br/>Sun
!Total events 
|}<section end="Calendar"/>

=== Weather conditions ===
The organizers had to face bad weather conditions at the start of the Games. During the night of 8 to 9 February, 40 centimeters of snow fell in Sarajevo and up to one meter on mountain sites. On February 9, the men's downhill skiing was postponed due to winds blowing up to 200&nbsp;km/h and the other events were held several hours late. The situation did not improve over the following days. The biathlon, cross-country skiing, Nordic combined, ski jumping, bobsleigh and luge events were contested according to the schedule in difficult weather conditions while the alpine ski races only started on February 13.<ref>{{harvsp|Organizing committee|1984|pp=15–17}}</ref>

=== Opening Ceremony ===
The [[Olympic Games ceremony|Opening Ceremony]] took place on February 8 in front of 45,000 spectators at [[Koševo City Stadium]]. It included hundreds of musicians and dancers from different regions of Yugoslavia. After the parade of athletes, the [[Olympic flag]] was presented from the Lake Placid Mayor to the Mayor of Sarajevo [[Uglješa Uzelac]]. Alpine skier [[Bojan Križaj]] and referee [[Dragan Perović]] took the [[Olympic oath]] and figure skater [[Sanda Dubravčić]] lit the Olympic cauldron. Afterwards, the President of Yugoslavia [[Mika Špiljak]] declared the Games officially open.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/1984-14es-jeux-olympiques-d-winter/ | url-access = registration | title = Sarajevo (1984 Olympic Games) - Chronology | author = Pierre Lagrue | publisher = [[Encyclopædia Universalis]] | access-date = 25 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{harvsp|Organizing committee|1984|p=10}}</ref><ref name = "Monnin p. 109" />

=== Closing Ceremony ===
The Closing Ceremony took place the evening of February 19 at the indoor [[Zetra Olympic Hall]]. After the parade of athletes, [[Juan Antonio Samaranch]], who marked his first Olympiad as IOC President, thanked the organizers and declared the Games closed. The Olympic flag was lowered and the Olympic flame was extinguished at 20:21.<ref>{{harvsp|Vallet|1988|p = 144}}</ref>

== Medal count ==
{{main|1984 Winter Olympics medal table}}
[[File:1984 Winter Olympics gold medal.JPG|thumbnail|A gold medal from the 1984 Winter Olympics.]]
Seventeen of the forty-nine nations participating in these Games won at least one medal, as detailed in the table below. Second behind the [[Soviet Union at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Soviet Union]] from 1972 to 1980, [[East Germany at the 1984 Winter Olympics|East Germany]] won twenty-four medals, nine of which were gold. East German athletes won all of the gold and silver medals in women's speed skating and bobsleigh. The Soviet Union won twenty-five medals, six of which were gold. In cross-country skiing, the Soviet athletes won only one gold medal, against four in 1980. The [[United States at the 1984 Winter Olympics|United States]] won eight medals, including four gold, and achieved one of their best performances in alpine skiing history (five medals, three of which were gold).

Northern European countries occupied the following ranks: [[Finland at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Finland]] was fourth (with three gold medals by cross-country skier [[Marja-Liisa Hämäläinen]]), [[Sweden at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Sweden]] fifth, and [[Norway at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Norway]] sixth. The host country finished with one silver medal, the first time that [[Yugoslavia at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Yugoslavia]] won a medal at the Olympic Winter Games. [[Austria at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Austria]], which finished fourth in 1980, ended the Games with only one medal, a bronze, Austria's worst result in the history of the Winter Olympics.<ref name = universalis /><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/AUT/ | title = Austria | work = sports-reference.com | access-date = October 16, 2014 | archive-date = 17 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417092657/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/AUT/ | url-status = dead }}</ref>

{{Medals table
 | caption        = 
 | host           = 
 | show_limit     = 
 | remaining_text = 
 | flag_template  = flagIOCteam
 | event          = 1984 Winter
 | team           = 
 | gold_GDR = 9 | silver_GDR = 9 | bronze_GDR = 6
 | gold_URS = 6 | silver_URS = 10 | bronze_URS = 9
 | gold_USA = 4 | silver_USA = 4 | bronze_USA = 0
 | gold_FIN = 4 | silver_FIN = 3 | bronze_FIN = 6
 | gold_SWE = 4 | silver_SWE = 2 | bronze_SWE = 2
 | gold_NOR = 3 | silver_NOR = 2 | bronze_NOR = 4
 | gold_SUI = 2 | silver_SUI = 2 | bronze_SUI = 1
 | gold_CAN = 2 | silver_CAN = 1 | bronze_CAN = 1
 | gold_FRG = 2 | silver_FRG = 1 | bronze_FRG = 1
 | gold_ITA = 2 | silver_ITA = 0 | bronze_ITA = 0
}}

===Podium sweeps===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Date
!Sport
!Event
!NOC
!Gold
!Silver
!Bronze
|-
|12 February
|[[Luge at the 1988 Winter Olympics|Luge]] 
|[[Luge at the 1988 Winter Olympics – Women's singles|Women's singles]]
|{{flagIOC|GDR|1984 Winter}}
|[[Steffi Walter-Martin]]
|[[Bettina Schmidt]]
|[[Ute Oberhoffner-Weiß]]
|-
|15 February
|[[Speed skating at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Speed skating]] 
|[[Speed skating at the 1984 Winter Olympics – Women's 3000 metres|Women's 3000 metres]]
|{{flagIOC|GDR|1984 Winter}}
|[[Andrea Schöne]]
|[[Karin Enke]]
|[[Gabi Schönbrunn]]
|}

=== Individual athletes ===
Seven athletes won at least two gold medals at these Games. The Finnish cross-country skier [[Marja-Liisa Hämäläinen]] finished with three gold medals and one bronze. She was followed by East Germany [[Karin Enke]], who won two gold and two silver in speed skating, and Swedish cross-country skier [[Gunde Svan]] who also won four medals (two gold, one silver and one bronze).<ref name = cio /><ref name=sr>{{cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/|title=1984 Sarajevo Winter Games|work=sports-reference.com|access-date=October 14, 2014|archive-date=17 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417042618/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1984/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Participants==
=== Participating nations ===
A then record of 49 [[National Olympic Committee]]s (NOCs) entered 1,272 athletes in the Sarajevo Games. This was a large increase from the 1,072 athletes from 37 countries in the 1980 Winter Games.<ref name = cio>{{cite web | url = http://www.olympic.org/en/lake-placid-1980-olympiques-hiver | title = Lake Placid 1980 | work= olympic.org | access-date = October 16, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.olympic.org/fr/sarajevo-1984-olympiques-hiver | title = Sarajevo 1984 | work= olympic.org | access-date = October 16, 2014}}</ref> All the countries present at Lake Placid in 1980 once again participated in Sarajevo. The [[British Virgin Islands at the 1984 Winter Olympics|British Virgin Islands]], [[Egypt at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Egypt]], [[Monaco at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Monaco]], [[Puerto Rico at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Puerto Rico]] and [[Senegal at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Senegal]] participated in their first Winter games. [[Chile at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Chile]], [[North Korea at the 1984 Winter Olympics|North Korea]], [[Morocco at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Morocco]], [[Mexico at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Mexico]], [[San Marino at the 1984 Winter Olympics|San Marino]], [[Chinese Taipei at the Winter Olympics|Chinese Taipei]] and [[Turkey at the 1984 Winter Olympics|Turkey]], absent in 1980, returned in 1984.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/ |title=Olympic Countries | work= sports-reference.com | access-date = October 16, 2014}}</ref>

The [[People's Republic of China]] ended its boycott of the Olympic Games over the controversy regarding the IOC's recognition of the Republic of China (Taiwan). The Republic of China (Taiwan) then competed as [[Chinese Taipei]] for the first time.

{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%;"
|-
! Participating [[:Category:Nations at the 1984 Winter Olympics|National Olympic Committees]]
|-
|
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*{{flagIOC|AND|1984 Winter|2}}
*{{flagIOC|ARG|1984 Winter|18}}
*{{flagIOC|AUS|1984 Winter|10}}
*{{flagIOC|AUT|1984 Winter|65}}
*{{flagIOC|BEL|1984 Winter|4}}
*{{flagIOC|BOL|1984 Winter|3}}
*{{flagIOC|IVB|1984 Winter|1}}
*{{flagIOC|BUL|1984 Winter|16}}
*{{flagIOC|CAN|1984 Winter|67}}
*{{flagIOC|CHI|1984 Winter|4}}
*{{flagIOC|CHN|1984 Winter|37}}
*{{flagIOC|CRC|1984 Winter|4}}
*{{flagIOC|CYP|1984 Winter|5}}
*{{flagIOC|TCH|1984 Winter|50}}
*{{flagIOC|EGY|1984 Winter|1}}
*{{flagIOC|FIN|1984 Winter|45}}
*{{flagIOC|FRA|1984 Winter|32}}
*{{flagIOC|GDR|1984 Winter|57}}
*{{flagIOC|FRG|1984 Winter|84}}
*{{flagIOC|GBR|1984 Winter|30}}
*{{flagIOC|GRE|1984 Winter|6}}
*{{flagIOC|HUN|1984 Winter|9}}
*{{flagIOC|ISL|1984 Winter|5}}
*{{flagIOC|ITA|1984 Winter|74}}
*{{flagIOC|JPN|1984 Winter|39}}
*{{flagIOC|PRK|1984 Winter|6}}
*{{flagIOC|KOR|1984 Winter|15}}
*{{flagIOC|LIB|1984 Winter|4}}
*{{flagIOC|LIE|1984 Winter|10}}
*{{flagIOC|MEX|1984 Winter|1}}
*{{flagIOC|MON|1984 Winter|1}}
*{{flagIOC|MGL|1984 Winter|4}}
*{{flagIOC|MAR|1984 Winter|4}}
*{{flagIOC|NED|1984 Winter|13}}
*{{flagIOC|NZL|1984 Winter|6}}
*{{flagIOC|NOR|1984 Winter|58}}
*{{flagIOC|POL|1984 Winter|30}}
*{{flagIOC|PUR|1984 Winter|1}}
*{{flagIOC|ROU|1984 Winter|19}}
*{{flagIOC|SMR|1984 Winter|3}}
*{{flagIOC|SEN|1984 Winter|1}}
*{{flagIOC|URS|1984 Winter|101}}
*{{flagIOC|ESP|1984 Winter|13}}
*{{flagIOC|SWE|1984 Winter|60}}
*{{flagIOC|SUI|1984 Winter|42}}
*{{flagIOC|TPE|1984 Winter|12}}
*{{flagIOC|TUR|1984 Winter|7}}
*{{flagIOC|USA|1984 Winter|107}} ''' (top nation)'''
*{{flagIOC|YUG|1984 Winter|72}} '''(host)'''
{{div col end}}
|}

=== Number of athletes by National Olympic Committees ===

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed sortable" style="border:0;"
|-
! [[List of IOC country codes|IOC Letter Code]]
! Country
! Athletes
|-
|-
| USA || {{flagIOC|USA|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 107
|-
| URS || {{flagIOC|URS|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 101
|-
| FRG || {{flagIOC|FRG|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 84
|-
| ITA || {{flagIOC|ITA|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 74
|-
| YUG || {{flagIOC|YUG|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 72
|-
| CAN || {{flagIOC|CAN|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 67
|-
| AUT || {{flagIOC|AUT|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 65
|-
| SWE || {{flagIOC|SWE|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 60
|-
| NOR || {{flagIOC|NOR|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 58
|-
| GDR || {{flagIOC|GDR|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 57
|-
| TCH || {{flagIOC|TCH|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 50
|-
| FIN || {{flagIOC|FIN|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 45
|-
| SUI || {{flagIOC|SUI|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 42
|-
| JPN || {{flagIOC|JPN|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 39
|-
| CHN || {{flagIOC|CHN|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 37
|-
| FRA || {{flagIOC|FRA|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 32
|-
| GBR || {{flagIOC|GBR|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 30
|-
| POL || {{flagIOC|POL|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 30
|-
| ROM || {{flagIOC|ROU|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 19
|-
| ARG || {{flagIOC|ARG|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 18
|-
| BUL || {{flagIOC|BUL|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 16
|-
| KOR || {{flagIOC|KOR|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 15
|-
| HOL || {{flagIOC|NED|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 13
|-
| ESP || {{flagIOC|ESP|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 13
|-
| TPE || {{flagIOC|TPE|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 12
|-
| AUS || {{flagIOC|AUS|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 10
|-
| LIE || {{flagIOC|LIE|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 10
|-
| HUN || {{flagIOC|HUN|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 9
|-
| TUR || {{flagIOC|TUR|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 7
|-
| GRE || {{flagIOC|GRE|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 6
|-
| PRK || {{flagIOC|PRK|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 6
|-
| NZL || {{flagIOC|NZL|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 6
|-
| CYP || {{flagIOC|CYP|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 5
|-
| ISL || {{flagIOC|ISL|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 5
|-
| BEL || {{flagIOC|BEL|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 4
|-
| CHI || {{flagIOC|CHI|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 4
|-
| CRC || {{flagIOC|CRC|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 4
|-
| LIB || {{flagIOC|LIB|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 4
|-
| MGL || {{flagIOC|MGL|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 4
|-
| MAR || {{flagIOC|MAR|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 4
|-
| BOL || {{flagIOC|BOL|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 3
|-
| SMR || {{flagIOC|SMR|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 3
|-
| AND || {{flagIOC|AND|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 2
|-
| IVB || {{flagIOC|IVB|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 1
|-
| EGY || {{flagIOC|EGY|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 1
|-
| MEX || {{flagIOC|MEX|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 1
|-
| MON || {{flagIOC|MON|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 1
|-
| PUR || {{flagIOC|PUR|1984 Winter}} ||align=center| 1
|-
| SEN || {{flagIOC|SEN|1984 Winter}} ||Align=center| 1
|- class="sortbottom"
|colspan=2; style="text-align:right; border:0px; background:#fff;"| '''Total''' ||style="text-align:center; border:0px; background:#fff;"| '''1,272'''
|-
|}

== Reactions and fallout ==
=== Reactions ===
The Sarajevo Games were considered a big success for their time. After the games, the trails were well maintained despite the bad weather conditions, the security services were discreet and the transport system worked well. The international media considered this edition more festive and warm than the Games held 4 years before. The competition has not yet left debts or losses for the Organizing Committee, for the city or even for the country.<ref name = "Mogore p.163"/>

=== Fallout ===
[[File:Sarajevo Olympic Symbol.jpg|thumb|Olympic symbol damaged during the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina]]
The Olympic Games had a positive impact on Sarajevo. The expansion of the airport, the renovation of the main train and bus stations and the expansion of the number of hotels, restaurants and parks increased the quality of life in the city. The Olympic Village became a residential area and new sports venues accelerated the development of winter sports in Yugoslavia.<ref>{{harvsp|Dunkelberger|2004|pp = 385–386}}</ref> After the Games, the Sarajevo bobsleigh track hosted several events of the [[Bobsleigh World Cup]].<ref name = "bobsleigh sr" />

The [[war in Bosnia and Herzegovina]] and the [[siege of Sarajevo]], not foreseen at the time of the Games, lasted from 1992 to 1995. The conflict left tens of thousands of victims and severely damaged Sarajevo and Olympic venues. The Koševo stadium was renovated in 1998, the Zetra hall was rebuilt in 1999 with the support of the IOC and the alpine ski resorts are again in operation. However, the bobsleigh runs and the ski jumping hills are abandoned due to the risk of accidents with landmines and remains of weapons.<ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.lemonde.fr/jeux-olympiques/article/2014/02/08/sarajevo-1984-trente-ans-et-une-guerre-plus-tard_4362123_1616891.html |title=Sarajevo 1984: thirty years and one war later | author = Elisa Mignot |newspaper=Le Monde.fr | editor = [[Le Monde]] | date = February 8, 2014 | access-date = October 25, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/10/28/us-olympics-sarajevo-venues-idUSBRE99R0HD20131028 | title = Sarajevo Winter Games venues crumble into oblivion | author =Milosavljevic, Zoran  | website =[[Reuters]] | editor =Sarkar, Pritha | date = October 28, 2013 | access-date = October 25, 2014 | archive-date = 25 October 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141025224934/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/10/28/us-olympics-sarajevo-venues-idUSBRE99R0HD20131028 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

In 2001, the city of Sarajevo considered a bid for the organization of the [[2010 Winter Olympics]] to revive the economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina and accelerate the reunification of the country, divided between different ethnic groups. However, the bid was eliminated by the IOC Executive Board.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://tvanouvelles.ca/lcn/infos/lemonde/archives/2001/02/20010206-113247.html | title = Sarajevo wants to host the 2010 Winter Olympics | work= tvanouvelles.ca | date = February 6, 2001 | access-date = October 25, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.olympic.org/Assets/OSC%20Section/pdf/QR_9F.pdf | title = Bidding process for the 2010 Olympic Winter Games | editor = International Olympic Committee | date = April 1, 2010 | access-date = October 25, 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111121080749/http://www.olympic.org/Assets/OSC%20Section/pdf/QR_9F.pdf | archive-date = November 21, 2011 | url-status = dead }}</ref> The [[2017 European Youth Winter Olympic Festival]] which was to take place in Sarajevo (with all the events were to be held on the sites used in 1984)<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.eurolympic.org/index.php/fr/actus/2474-trente-ans-apres-les-jo-d-hiver-sarajevo-a-nouveau-prete-pour-une-competition-olympique |title=Thirty years after the Olympic Games winter, Sarajevo again ready for an Olympic competition | editor = [[European Olympic Committees]] | date = April 2, 2014 | access-date = October 25, 2014}}</ref> But due to the constant delays in the recovery works, the city decided to reverse the order of the hosts with [[Erzurum]] in [[Turkey]] and Sarajevo hosted the [[2019 European Youth Olympic Winter Festival]].

==Gallery==
<div class="center">
<gallery>
File:1984 CPA 5472.jpg|1984 Soviet postage stamp
File:1984 CPA 5474.jpg|1984 Soviet postage stamp
File:Igman – Olimpijske skakaonice 5.jpg|Igman ski-jumping hills during spring
File:Yugoslavia postage stamps FDC (Sarajevo 1984 Winter Olympics).jpg|Yugoslavia postage stamps [[First day of issue|FDC]] (Sarajevo 1984 Winter Olympics)
File:Asim Ferhatovic Hase.jpg|[[City Stadium Koševo (Sarajevo)|Asim Ferhatovic Stadion]] (''Koševo Stadium then'')
</gallery>
</div>

==See also==
{{IOC seealso|games=1984 Winter Olympics }}
* [[Sarajevo Winter Olympics Museum]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
*  {{cite book |author1=Organizing Committee |title=Official Report of the 1984 Olympic Winter Games |date=1984 |publisher=The Committee |location=Sarajevo |url=https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll8/id/11863 |language=en |ref={{harvid|Organizing committee|1984}} }}
* {{cite book |last1=Dunkelberger |first1=Robert |editor1-last=Findling |editor1-first=John E. |editor2-last=Pelle |editor2-first=Kimberly D. |title=Encyclopedia of the modern Olympic movement |date=2004 |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport, Conn. |isbn=0-313-32278-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmo2004unse |chapter=Sarajevo 1984 |url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book |last1=Jovanovic |first1=Zlatko |title=A Cultural History of the 1984 Winter Olympics: The Making of Olympic Sarajevo |date=2021 |publisher=Springer International Publishing |location= |isbn=978-3-03-076597-2}}
* {{cite book |last1=Wallechinsky |first1=David |title=The complete book of the Winter Olympics |date=2001 |publisher=Overlook Press |location=Woodstock, N.Y. |isbn=1-58567-195-9 |edition=2002 |url=https://archive.org/details/completebookofwi0000wall |url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book |last1=Vallet |first1=Stéphane |title=Les Jeux olympiques d'hiver |date=1988 |publisher=La Manufacture |location=Lyon |isbn=2-7377-0057-4 |trans-title=The Winter Olympics |language=french}}
* {{cite book |last1=Vuic |first1=Jason |title=The Sarajevo Olympics: A History of the 1984 Winter Olympic Games |date=2015 |publisher=University of Massachusetts Press |location=Amherst |isbn=978-1-61376-366-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/sarajevoolympics0000vuic |url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book |last1=Monnin |first1=Éric |title=De Chamonix à Sotchi: Un siècle d'olympisme en hiver |date=2010 |location=Paris |isbn=978-2364030664 |language=french}}
* {{cite book |first1=Christian |last1=Mogore|title=Les jardins secrets de Jean-Jacques Rousseau |date=1989 |publisher=Editions AGRAF |location=Chambéry, Savoie, France |isbn=2-908240-01-7 |language=french}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
*{{IOC games|games=1984 Winter Olympics }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060622162855/http://www.la84foundation.org/5va/reports_frmst.htm Official Report from the Organizing Committee] on the AAFLA website
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160912045217/http://library.la84.org/OlympicInformationCenter/OlympicReview/1984/ore197/ORE197f.pdf ''Olympic Review'' 1984 – Official results]
*{{Official website|http://www.zoi84.ba}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080708223117/http://www.marcolympics.org/jeux/1984/winter/index.php The program of the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Olympics]

{{s-start}}
{{s-sports|woly}}
{{s-bef|before=[[1980 Winter Olympics|Lake Placid]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=XIV Olympic Winter Games<br/>[[Sarajevo]]|years=1984}}
{{s-aft|after=[[1988 Winter Olympics|Calgary]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Olympic Games}}
{{Events at the 1984 Winter Olympics}}
{{Nations at the 1984 Winter Olympics}}
{{1984 Winter Olympic venues}}
{{Sarajevo}}

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