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{{Short description|none}} {{for|related races|1984 United States elections}} {{Use American English|date=August 2022}} {{Use mdy dates|date=February 2024}} {{Infobox election | election_name = 1984 United States presidential election | country = United States | flag_year = 1960 | type = presidential | ongoing = no | opinion_polls = Historical polling for United States presidential elections#1984 United States presidential election | previous_election = 1980 United States presidential election | previous_year = 1980 | election_date = November 6, 1984 | next_election = 1988 United States presidential election | next_year = 1988 | votes_for_election = 538 members of the [[United States Electoral College|Electoral College]] | needed_votes = 270 electoral | turnout = 55.2%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.electproject.org/national-1789-present|title=National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present|work=United States Election Project|publisher=[[CQ Press]]|access-date=February 21, 2023|archive-date=July 25, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725110444/http://www.electproject.org/national-1789-present|url-status=live}}</ref> {{increase}} 1.0 [[percentage point|pp]] | image_size = x200px <!--Ronald Reagan -->| nominee1 = '''[[Ronald Reagan]]''' | image1 = File:Ronald Reagan 1985 presidential portrait (cropped).jpg | party1 = Republican Party (United States) | home_state1 = [[California]] | running_mate1 = '''[[George H. W. Bush]]''' | electoral_vote1 = '''525''' | states_carried1 = '''49 ''' | popular_vote1 = '''54,455,472''' | percentage1 = '''{{percent|<!-- REAGAN: --> 54,455,472 |<!-- TOTAL: --> 92,653,233|1|pad=yes}}''' <!-- Walter Mondale -->| nominee2 = [[Walter Mondale]] | image2 = File:Walter_Mondale_1977_vice_presidential_portrait_(cropped).jpg | party2 = Democratic Party (United States) | home_state2 = [[Minnesota]] | running_mate2 = [[Geraldine Ferraro]] | electoral_vote2 = 13 | states_carried2 = 1 + [[Washington, D.C.|DC]] | popular_vote2 = 37,577,352 | percentage2 = {{percent|<!-- MONDALE: --> 37,577,352|<!-- TOTAL: --> 92,653,233|1|pad=yes}} <!-- Map -->| map_size = 350px | map = {{1984 United States presidential election imagemap}} | map_caption = Presidential election results map. <span style="color:red;">Red</span> denotes states won by Reagan/Bush and <span style="color:blue;">blue</span> denotes those won by Mondale/Ferraro. Numbers indicate [[electoral votes]] cast by each state and the District of Columbia. | title = President | before_election = [[Ronald Reagan]] | before_party = Republican Party (United States) | after_election = [[Ronald Reagan]] | after_party = Republican Party (United States) }} [[United States presidential election|Presidential elections]] were held in the United States on November 6, 1984. Incumbent [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] president [[Ronald Reagan]] and his running mate, incumbent vice president [[George H. W. Bush]], were reelected to a second term in a [[Landslide victory|landslide]]. They defeated the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] ticket of former vice president [[Walter Mondale]] and Congresswoman [[Geraldine Ferraro]]. Reagan and Bush faced only token opposition in their bid for re-nomination. Mondale faced a competitive field in his bid, defeating Colorado senator [[Gary Hart]], activist [[Jesse Jackson]], and several other candidates in the [[1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries|Democratic primaries]]. He eventually chose New York representative [[Geraldine Ferraro]] as his running mate, the first woman to be on a major party's presidential ticket. Reagan touted a strong economic recovery from the 1970s [[stagflation]] and the [[Early 1980s recession in the United States|1981β1982 recession]], and the widespread perception that his presidency had overseen a revival of national confidence and prestige.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/11/07/politics/07REAG.html?pagewanted=1 |title=Reagan Wins By a Landslide, Sweeping at Least 48 States; G.O.P. Gains Strength in House |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 7, 1984 |access-date=March 21, 2013 |last=Raines|first= Howell |archive-date=November 14, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114130007/http://www.nytimes.com/1984/11/07/politics/07REAG.html?pagewanted=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> At 73, Reagan was the oldest person to be nominated by a major party for president, a record that stood until [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]]. The Reagan campaign produced effective television advertising and deftly neutralized concerns regarding Reagan's age. Mondale criticized Reagan's [[supply-side economics]] and [[budget deficits]]. He called for the reduction of [[U.S. public debt]], a [[nuclear freeze]], and ratification of the [[Equal Rights Amendment]]. Reagan won re-election in a landslide victory, carrying 525 electoral votes, 49 states, and 58.8% of the popular vote. Mondale won 13 electoral votes: 10 from his home state of Minnesota, which he won by a narrow margin of 0.18% (3,761 votes), and 3 from the District of Columbia, which has always voted overwhelmingly for the Democratic candidate.<ref name="Lou Cannon">{{cite web|url=https://millercenter.org/president/reagan/campaigns-and-elections|title=Ronald Reagan: Campaigns and Elections|publisher=[[Miller Center of Public Affairs]]|last=Cannon|first=Lou|date=October 4, 2016|access-date=September 5, 2020|archive-date=April 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402055741/http://millercenter.org/president/reagan/campaigns-and-elections|url-status=live}}</ref> Reagan won the [[List of United States presidential elections by Electoral College margin|second-largest]] share of the [[United States Electoral College|Electoral College]] since [[1820 United States presidential election|1820]] (second only to [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] in [[1936 United States presidential election|1936]] and the largest for a Republican), and the most raw electoral votes ever received by a candidate. As of 2025, Reagan is the last Republican to sweep all of New England, and this is the last time any candidate won the popular vote by double digits and more than 500 electoral votes.<ref name="Murse">{{cite web |title=The Most Lopsided Presidential Elections in U.S. History: How a Landslide is Measured |last=Murse |first=Tom |date=January 28, 2019 |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/landslide-presidential-elections-by-electoral-votes-3367489 |publisher=ThoughtCo |access-date=March 9, 2019 |archive-date=October 15, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015095624/https://www.thoughtco.com/landslide-presidential-elections-by-electoral-votes-3367489 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Background== [[Ronald Reagan]] entered the presidency with an unemployment rate of 7.3% and it peaked at 10.6% in December 1982. The United States had a negative [[gross domestic product]] growth in 1982.{{sfn|Ranney|1985|p=22}} The Republicans performed poorly in the [[1982 United States elections|1982 elections]]. [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]], [[John F. Kennedy]], [[Richard Nixon]], and [[Jimmy Carter]] lost an average of 12 seats in the [[United States House of Representatives]] in their first midterm. The Republicans lost 26 seats in the [[1982 United States House of Representatives elections|House elections]]. The Republicans [[1982 United States gubernatorial elections|lost seven governorships]] as well.{{sfn|Ranney|1985|p=26}} Reagan's approval rating fell to 35% by January 1983. Polling showed him losing to Democratic candidates, including [[Walter Mondale]] and [[John Glenn]];{{sfn|Ranney|1985|p=26}} however, unemployment fell to 7.7% by March 1984,{{sfn|Ranney|1985|p=22}} and Reagan's approval rating was at 54% in January 1984. His approval rating was aided by the [[1983 Beirut barracks bombings]] and the [[United States invasion of Grenada|invasion of Grenada]].{{sfn|Ranney|1985|p=29-31}} Polling by ''[[CBS News]]'' and ''[[The New York Times]]'' in January 1984 showed him leading Mondale by 16%.{{sfn|Frankovic|1985|p=39}} ==Nominations== ===Republican Party candidates=== {{Main|1984 Republican Party presidential primaries}} {{Ronald Reagan series}} {{George H.W. Bush series}} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |- | style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"|[[File:Republican Disc.svg|65px|center|link=Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party (United States)]]<big>'''1984 Republican Party ticket'''</big> |- ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#E81B23; width:200px;"| [[Ronald Reagan|{{color|white|Ronald Reagan}}]] ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#E81B23; width:200px;"| [[George H. W. Bush|{{color|white|George H. W. Bush}}]] |- style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#ffd0d7;" | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''for President''''' | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''for Vice President''''' |- | [[File:Ronald Reagan 1985 presidential portrait (cropped).jpg|center|200x200px]] | [[File:Vice President George H. W. Bush portrait.jpg|center|195x195px]] |- |[[List of presidents of the United States|40th]]<br />[[President of the United States]]<br /><small>(1981β1989)</small> |[[List of vice presidents of the United States|43rd]]<br />[[Vice President of the United States]]<br /><small>(1981β1989)</small> |- | colspan=2 |[[Ronald Reagan 1984 presidential campaign|'''Campaign''']] |- | colspan=2 |[[File:Reagan Bush '84.svg|center|200x200px]] |- |} ====Primaries==== [[File:Reagan Bush 1984.jpg|thumb|right|President Reagan and Vice President Bush at the [[1984 Republican National Convention]] in Dallas]] Reagan-Bush '84, under the leadership of [[Ed Rollins]], was organized on October 17, 1983.{{sfn|Ranney|1985|p=80}} Reagan delayed his campaign announcement as not running would make him a [[Lame duck (politics)|lame duck]] whereas running would make everything he did be viewed as part of his campaign.{{sfn|Ranney|1985|p=82-83}} He announced that he would seek reelection on January 29, 1984.{{sfn|Ranney|1985|p=31}} Vice President [[George H. W. Bush]] and U.S. Senate Majority Leader [[Howard Baker]] were considered as possible candidates only if Reagan did not run.{{sfn|Pomper|1985|p=6}} Reagan was the first incumbent president since [[Richard Nixon]] in [[1972 United States presidential election|1972]] to face no significant opposition for renomination.{{sfn|Ranney|1985|p=129-130}} The popular vote from the Republican primaries was as follows:<ref>{{Cite book |title=Guide to U.S. Elections |publisher=[[CQ Press]] |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-60426-536-1 |editor-last=Kalb |editor-first=Deborah |location=Washington, DC |page=435}}</ref> * Ronald Reagan (inc.): 6,484,987 (98.6%) * Unpledged delegates: 41,411 (0.6%) * Others: 21,643 (0.3%) * "Ronald Reagan No":{{Efn|Wisconsin's primary ballot offered voters the options "Ronald Reagan Yes," "Ronald Reagan No," and "Others"}} 14,047 (0.2%) * Harold E. Stassen: 12,749 (0.2%) * David Kelly: 360 * Gary Arnold: 252 * Benjamin Fernandez: 202 ==== Endorsements ==== {{hidden begin|titlestyle=background:#cff|title=List of Ronald Reagan endorsements|contentstyle=border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white;}} Reagan had received endorsements from: ;Celebrities * [[Morey Amsterdam]]<ref name=stewart/> * [[Pat Boone]]<ref name=stewart/> * [[Ron Ely]]<ref name=stewart/> * [[Cary Grant]]<ref name=stewart/> * [[Charlton Heston]]<ref name=stewart/> * [[Fred MacMurray]]<ref name=stewart/> * [[Hugh O'Brian]]<ref name=stewart/> * [[Jerry Reed]]<ref name=stewart/> * [[Joan Rivers]]<ref name=stewart/> * [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]]<ref name=stewart/> * [[Frank Sinatra]]<ref name=stewart/> * [[Jaclyn Smith]]<ref name=stewart/> * [[Robert Stack]]<ref name=stewart/> * [[James Stewart]]<ref name=stewart>{{cite web |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1984/08/08/Campaign-84NEWLNConservative-stars-come-out-of-the-closet-for-Reagan/1980460785600/|title=Campaign '84;NEWLN:Conservative stars come out of the closet for Reagan| date=August 8, 1984 }}</ref> * [[Stephanie Zimbalist]]<ref name=stewart/> {{hidden end}} Reagan was renominated by a vote of 2,233 delegates (two delegates abstained). For the only time in American history, the vice presidential roll call was taken concurrently with the presidential roll call. Vice President [[George H. W. Bush]] was overwhelmingly renominated. This was the last time in the 20th century that the vice-presidential candidate of either major party was nominated by roll call vote. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left" |+ Balloting |- !Presidential ballot!! !!Vice presidential ballot!! |- ![[Ronald Reagan]] !!2,233!! [[George H. W. Bush]] !!2,231 |- !Abstaining !!2!! Abstaining !!2 |- !!!!! [[Jack Kemp]] !!1 |- !!!!! [[Jeane Kirkpatrick]] !!1 |} === Democratic Party candidates === {{Main|1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries}} [[File:Mondale on campaign, PA, 1984..jpg|thumb|right|Mondale campaigning in Pennsylvania]] {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |- | style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"|[[File:Democratic Disc.svg|65px|center|link=Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party (United States)]]<big>'''1984 Democratic Party ticket'''</big> |- ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#3333FF; width:200px;"| [[Walter Mondale|{{color|white|Walter Mondale}}]] ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#3333FF; width:200px;"| [[Geraldine Ferraro|{{color|white|Geraldine Ferraro}}]] |- style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#c8ebff;" | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''for President''''' | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''for Vice President''''' |- | [[File:Walter Mondale 1977 vice presidential portrait (cropped).jpg|center|200x200px]] | [[File:Geraldine Ferraro on the House Floor 1984.jpg|center|200x200px]] |- | [[List of vice presidents of the United States|42nd]]<br />[[Vice President of the United States]]<br /><small>(1977β1981)</small> | [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]]<br />from [[New York (state)|New York]]<br /><small>(1979β1985)</small> |- | colspan=2 |[[Walter Mondale 1984 presidential campaign|'''Campaign''']] |- | colspan=2 |[[File:Mondale Ferraro.svg|center|200x200px]] |- |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="font-size:90%;" |- <sup>β </sup> | colspan="9" style="text-align:center; width:700px; font-size:120%; color:white; background:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};"|''Candidates in this section are sorted by date of withdrawal from the primaries'' |- style="text-align:center" ! scope="col" style="width:10em; font-size:120%;"|[[Gary Hart]] ! scope="col" style="width:10em; font-size:120%;"|[[Jesse Jackson]] ! scope="col" style="width:10em; font-size:120%;"|[[John Glenn]] ! scope="col" style="width:10em; font-size:120%;"|[[George McGovern]] ! scope="col" style="width:10em; font-size:120%;"|[[Reubin Askew]] ! scope="col" style="width:10em; font-size:120%;"|[[Fritz Hollings]] ! scope="col" style="width:10em; font-size:120%;"|[[Alan Cranston]] |- style="text-align:center" |[[File:Gary Hart 1984 (cropped).jpg|center|120x120px]] |[[File:Jesse Jackson portrait.jpg|center|120x120px]] |[[File:Sen. John Glenn (cropped).jpg|center|120x120px]] |[[File:George McGovern 1970s.png|center|120x120px]] |[[File:ReubinAskew.JPG|center|120x120px]] |[[File:FritzHollings.jpg|center|120x120px]] |[[File:Walter Mondale with Senator Alan Cranston - NARA - 176249 (crop 2).jpg|center|120x120px]] |- style="text-align:center" |U.S. Senator<br />from [[Colorado]]<br /><small>(1975β1987)</small> |President of the [[Rainbow/PUSH|Rainbow Coalition]]<br>from [[Illinois]]<br /> <small>(1983β''present'') </small> |U.S. Senator<br />from [[Ohio]]<br/><small>(1974β1999)</small> |U.S. Senator<br />from [[South Dakota]]<br/><small>(1963β1981)</small> |[[List of governors of Florida|Governor]]<br>of [[Florida]]<br/><small>(1971β1979)</small> |U.S. Senator<br />from [[South Carolina]]<br/><small>(1966β2005)</small> |U.S. Senator<br />from [[California]]<br/><small>(1969β1993)</small> |- style="text-align:center" |[[File:Gary Hart logo.png|frameless|150x150px]] |[[File:Jackson 1984 campaign logo.svg|frameless|150x150px]] |[[File:Johnglenn1984 (1).gif|frameless|150x150px]] |[[File:McGovern1984CampaignLogo.png|frameless|150x150px]] |[[File:Askew1984CampaignLogo.png|frameless|150x150px]] |[[File:Hollings1984CampaignLogo.png|frameless|150x150px]] |[[File:Cranston84Logo.png|frameless|150x150px]] |- style="text-align:center" |[[Gary Hart 1984 presidential campaign|Campaign]] |[[Jesse Jackson 1984 presidential campaign|Campaign]] |[[John_Glenn#1984_presidential_campaign|Campaign]] |[[George_McGovern#Post-Senate_life_and_1984_presidential_campaign|Campaign]] |[[Reubin_Askew#Presidential_candidacy_in_1984|Campaign]] |[[Fritz_Hollings#Presidential_candidate|Campaign]] |[[Alan_Cranston#Presidential_candidate|Campaign]] |- style="text-align:center" |<small>'''Eliminated at Convention:'''<br>July 18, 1984</small><br/><small>'''Endorsed Mondale:'''<br>July 19, 1984</small><br>'''<small>6,504,842 votes</small>''' |<small>'''Eliminated at Convention:'''<br>July 18, 1984</small><br/><small>'''Endorsed Mondale:'''<br>August 28, 1984</small><br>'''<small>3,282,431 votes</small>''' |<small>'''Withdrew:'''<br>March 16, 1984</small><br><small>'''Endorsed Mondale:'''<br>July 18, 1984</small><br>'''<small>617,909 votes</small>''' |<small>'''Withdrew:'''<br>March 14, 1984</small><br><small>'''Endorsed Mondale:'''<br>June 13, 1984</small><br>'''<small>334,801 votes</small>''' |<small>'''Withdrew:'''<br>March 1, 1984</small><br><small>'''Endorsed Mondale:'''<br>July 18, 1984</small><br>'''<small>52,759 votes</small>''' |<small>'''Withdrew:'''<br>March 1, 1984</small><br><small>'''Endorsed Hart:'''<br>March 9, 1984</small><br>'''<small>33,684 votes</small>''' |<small>'''Withdrew:'''<br>February 29, 1984</small><br><small>'''Endorsed Mondale:'''<br>July 18, 1984</small><br>'''<small>51,437 votes</small>''' |- |<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 20, 1984 |title=Hart Promises Mondale Full Support |page=7A |work=Oakland Tribune |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/758518729 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune-hart-promises-mondale-fu/159059528/ |archive-date=November 14, 2024 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 29, 1984 |title=Jesse Jackson Endorses Mondale; Maynard Jackson will be adviser |page=5A |work=The Atlanta Constitution |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/399300465/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-constitution-jesse-jackson-e/159058757/ |archive-date=November 14, 2024 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 19, 1984 |title=Glenn, Luken Cast Votes For Mondale |page=6A |work=The Cincinnati Enquirer |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/101733591 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-cincinnati-enquirer-glenn-luken-cas/159060937/ |archive-date=November 14, 2024 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 14, 1984 |title=McGovern Backs Mondale |page=1 |work=Argus-Leader |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/239673036 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/argus-leader-mcgovern-backs-mondale/159061629/ |archive-date=November 14, 2024 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 19, 1984 |title='Different Democrat' Hears Last Hurrah Of Campaign |page=13A |work=The Miami Herald |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/630631701 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-miami-herald-different-democrat-he/159062748/ |archive-date=November 14, 2024 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 10, 1984 |title='A New Sense of Direction' |page=1 |work=The Greenville News |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/189695802 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-greenville-news-a-new-sense-of-dire/159063734/ |archive-date=November 14, 2024 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 19, 1984 |title=Hart Picked Up Early California Support |page=18 |work=The Napa Valley Register |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/565148922 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-napa-valley-register-hart-picked-up/159063232/ |archive-date=November 14, 2024 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |} ==== Primaries ==== [[File:Walter Mondale accepting state primary victory in Des Moines, Iowa..jpg|thumb|right|Mondale celebrates his victory in the [[Iowa caucuses|Iowa caucus]].]] Only three Democratic candidates won any state primaries: Mondale, Hart, and Jackson. Initially, Massachusetts Senator [[Ted Kennedy]], after a failed bid to win the 1980 Democratic nomination for president, was considered the ''de facto'' front-runner of the 1984 primary. However, Kennedy announced in December 1982 that he did not intend to run.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/12/01/us/kennedy-reported-declining-to-seek-presidency-in-1984.html|title=KENNEDY REPORTED DECLINING TO SEEK PRESIDENCY IN 1984|first1=Adam|last1=Clymer|date=December 1, 1982|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=February 20, 2019|archive-date=September 21, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921111125/https://www.nytimes.com/1982/12/01/us/kennedy-reported-declining-to-seek-presidency-in-1984.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/why-kennedy-withdrew-1984-race-207040|title=Why Kennedy Withdrew From 1984 Race|first=Tom|last=Morganthau|date=December 12, 1982|website=Newsweek|access-date=February 20, 2019|archive-date=February 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220122734/https://www.newsweek.com/why-kennedy-withdrew-1984-race-207040|url-status=live}}</ref> Former Vice President Mondale was then viewed as the favorite to win the Democratic nomination. Mondale had the largest number of party leaders supporting him, and he had raised more money than any other candidate. However, both Jackson and Hart emerged as surprising, and troublesome, opponents. South Carolina Senator [[Ernest Hollings]]'s wit and experience, as well as his call for a [[budget freeze]], won him some positive attention, but his relatively conservative record alienated liberal Democrats, and he was never really noticed in a field dominated by Mondale, [[John Glenn]], and [[Gary Hart]]. Hollings dropped out two days after losing badly in New Hampshire and endorsed Hart a week later. His disdain for his competitors was at times showcased in his comments. He notably referred to Mondale as a "lapdog", and to former astronaut Glenn as "[[Sky King]]" who was "confused in his capsule."<ref>{{Cite book|last=Skipper|first=John C.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3z7bGzNHIO0C&q=hollings%2520glenn%2520%2522sky%2520king%2522&pg=PA73|title=The Iowa Caucuses: First Tests of Presidential Aspiration, 1972β2008|date=January 13, 2010|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-5713-7|language=en|access-date=December 24, 2022|archive-date=December 24, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224015502/https://books.google.com/books?id=3z7bGzNHIO0C&q=hollings%2520glenn%2520%2522sky%2520king%2522&pg=PA73|url-status=live}}</ref> California Senator [[Alan Cranston]] hoped to galvanize supporters of the nuclear freeze movement that had called on the United States to halt the deployment of existing nuclear weapons and the development of new ones. Glenn and Askew hoped to capture the support of moderate and conservative Democrats. None of them possessed the fundraising ability of Mondale nor the grassroots support of Hart and Jackson, and none won any contests. Jackson was the second African-American (after [[Shirley Chisholm]]) to mount a nationwide campaign for the presidency, and he was the first African-American candidate to be a serious contender. He got 3.5 million votes during the primaries, third behind Hart and Mondale. He won the primaries in Virginia, South Carolina, and Louisiana, and split Mississippi, where there were two separate contests for Democratic delegates. Through the primaries, Jackson helped confirm the black electorate's importance to the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] in the South at the time. During the campaign, however, Jackson made an off-the-cuff reference to Jews as "Hymies" and New York City as "Hymietown", for which he later apologized. Nonetheless, the remark was widely publicized, and derailed his campaign for the nomination.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/frenzy/jackson.htm|title=Jesse Jackson's 'Hymietown' Remark β 1984|newspaper=Washington Post|author=Larry J. Sabato's Feeding Frenzy|date=July 21, 1998|access-date=May 26, 2010|archive-date=June 29, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629051304/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/frenzy/jackson.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Jackson ended up winning 21% of the national primary vote but received only 8% of the delegates to the national convention, and he initially charged that his campaign was hurt by the same party rules that allowed Mondale to win. He also poured scorn on Mondale, saying that [[Hubert Humphrey]] was the "last significant politician out of the St. Paul-Minneapolis" area.<ref name="ThomasTime1984">{{Cite news |last1=Thomas |first1=Evan |last2=Allis |first2=Sam |last3=Beckwith |first3=David |date=July 2, 1984 |title=Trying to Win the Peace |newspaper=Time Magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,926644,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930092516/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,926644,00.html |archive-date=September 30, 2007}}</ref> Hart, from Colorado, was a more serious threat to Mondale, and after winning several early primaries it looked as if he might take the nomination away from Mondale. Hart finished a surprising second in the [[Iowa caucuses]], with 16.5% of the vote. This established him as the main rival to Mondale, effectively eliminating John Glenn, Ernest Hollings and Alan Cranston as alternatives.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Butterfield|first=Fox|date=February 22, 1984|title=HART, AFTER IOWA, SEES A 2-MAN RACE (Published 1984)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/02/22/us/hart-after-iowa-sees-a-2-man-race.html|access-date=February 8, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=September 21, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921111125/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/02/22/us/hart-after-iowa-sees-a-2-man-race.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Hart criticized Mondale as an "old-fashioned" [[Great Society]] Democrat who symbolized "failed policies" of the past. Hart positioned himself (just as [[Bill Clinton]] would eight years later) as a younger, fresher, and more moderate Democrat who could appeal to younger voters. He emerged as a formidable candidate, winning the key New Hampshire, Ohio, and California primaries as well as several others, especially in the West. However, Hart could not overcome Mondale's financial and organizational advantages, especially among labor union leaders in the Midwest and industrial Northeast. Hart was also badly hurt in a televised debate with Mondale during the primaries, when the former vice president used a popular television commercial slogan to ridicule Hart's vague "New Ideas" platform. Turning to Hart on camera, Mondale told Hart that whenever he heard Hart talk about his "New Ideas", he was reminded of the [[Wendy's]] fast-food slogan "[[Where's the beef?]]" The remark drew loud laughter and applause from the viewing audience and caught Hart off-guard. Hart never fully recovered from Mondale's charge that his "New Ideas" were shallow and lacking in specifics. [[File:Carter and Mondale celebrate primary victories in Minneapolis, MN. 3-13-84..jpg|thumb|Mondale celebrates several victories in March 13 primaries with [[Jimmy Carter]] (under whom Mondale had previously served as vice president) at his campaign headquarters.]] At a roundtable debate between the three remaining Democratic candidates moderated by [[Phil Donahue]], Mondale and Hart got into such a heated argument over the issue of U.S. policy in Central America that Jackson had to tap his water glass on the table to help get them to stop. Mondale gradually pulled away from Hart in the delegate count, but, as ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' reported in late May, "Mondale ... has a wide lead in total delegates (1,564 to 941) ... because of his victories in the big industrial states, his support from the Democratic Establishment and the arcane provisions of delegate-selection rules that his vanguard helped draft two years ago."<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 16, 2008|title=A Wild Ride to the End β TIME|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,951089,00.html|access-date=December 24, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516024942/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,951089,00.html |archive-date=May 16, 2008 }}</ref> After the final primary in California, on June 5, which Hart won, Mondale was about 40 delegates short of the total he needed for the nomination.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Marcus|first=Ruth|date=January 16, 2008|title=Ruth Marcus β Parsing Tsunami Tuesday|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |language=en-US|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/15/AR2008011502863.html|access-date=December 24, 2022|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> However, at the [[1984 Democratic National Convention|Democratic National Convention]] in San Francisco on July 16, Mondale received the overwhelming support of the unelected [[superdelegate]]s from the party establishment to win the nomination. Mondale's nomination marked the second time since the nomination of former [[governor of Georgia]] [[Jimmy Carter]] in [[1976 United States presidential election|1976]] and the fourth time since the nomination of former Representative [[John W. Davis]] in [[1924 United States presidential election|1924]] that the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] nominated a private citizen for president (not serving in an official government role at the time of the nomination and election). Mondale was the last private citizen to be nominated for president by the Democratic Party until former Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]] in [[2016 United States presidential election|2016]]. He was also the last former vice president to be nominated for president until [[Joe Biden]] in [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]]. This race for the Democratic Party presidential nomination was the closest in two generations, and, as of 2024, it was the last occasion that a major party's race for the presidential nomination went all the way to its convention. ==== Endorsements ==== '''Note:''' These are only those endorsements that occurred during or before the primary race. {{hidden begin|titlestyle=background:#cff|title=List of Walter Mondale endorsements|contentstyle=border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white;}} Mondale had received endorsements from: ;United States House of Representatives * Representative [[Jim Bates (politician)|Jim Bates]] of California<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 3, 1984 |title=Six California House Members Switch: Cranston To Mondale |page=13 |work=The Napa Valley Register |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/565180242/?terms=%22Jim%20Bates%22%20%22endorses%22%20%22Walter%20Mondale%22&match=1 |access-date=May 13, 2022 |archive-date=May 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513155114/https://www.newspapers.com/image/565180242/?terms=%22Jim%20Bates%22%20%22endorses%22%20%22Walter%20Mondale%22&match=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> * Representative [[Edward Boland]] of [[Massachusetts]]<ref name="nytimes.com" /> * Representative [[Rick Boucher]] of [[Virginia]]<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Crowder |first1=Ken |last2=Gannaway |first2=Glenn |date=March 27, 1984 |title=No winner in Lee, WIse caucuses |page=15 |work=Kingsport Times-News |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/595621196/?terms=%22Rick%20Boucher%22%20%22Walter%20Mondale%22%20%22supporting%22&match=1 |access-date=May 13, 2022 |archive-date=September 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921111010/https://www.newspapers.com/image/595621196/?terms=%22Rick%20Boucher%22%20%22Walter%20Mondale%22%20%22supporting%22&match=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> * Representative [[Joseph D. Early]] of [[Massachusetts]]<ref name="nytimes.com" /> * Representative [[Barney Frank]] of [[Massachusetts]]<ref name="nytimes.com" /> * Representative [[Robert Garcia (New York politician)|Robert GarcΓa]] of New York<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web |last=Lynn |first=Frank |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/15/nyregion/state-drawing-presidential-hopefuls.html |title=State Drawing Presidential Hopefuls State |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 15, 1984 |access-date=August 11, 2014 |archive-date=March 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309092633/http://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/15/nyregion/state-drawing-presidential-hopefuls.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * Representative [[Sam Gejdenson]] of [[Connecticut]]<ref name="nytimes.com">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/24/us/democrats-choose-delegates.html |title=Democrats Choose Delegates |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 24, 1984 |access-date=August 11, 2014 |archive-date=February 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214214900/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/24/us/democrats-choose-delegates.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * Representative [[Tom Harkin]] of [[Iowa]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hyde |first=John |date=January 26, 1984 |title=Harkin, Bedell, Smith win seats at convention |page=4 |work=[[The Des Moines Register]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/131791080/?terms=%22Tom%20Harkin%22%20%22endorses%22%20%22endorsed%22%20%22Walter%20Mondale%22&match=1 |access-date=May 13, 2022 |quote=Harkin and Bedell have endorsed the candidacy of former Vice President Walter Mondale. |archive-date=September 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921111011/https://www.newspapers.com/image/131791080/?terms=%22Tom%20Harkin%22%20%22endorses%22%20%22endorsed%22%20%22Walter%20Mondale%22&match=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> * Representative [[Joe Moakley]] of [[Massachusetts]]<ref name="nytimes.com" /> * Representative [[Charles B. Rangel]] of New York<ref>{{Cite news |last=Moses |first=Charles T. |date=April 1, 1984 |title=Primary Called Test of Black Voting Power |page=15 |work=Newsday (Suffolk Edition) |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/721484503/?terms=%22Charles%20Rangel%22%20%22endorses%22%20%22endorsed%22%20%22Walter%20Mondale%22&match=1 |access-date=May 13, 2022 |quote=Others closely tied to the Democratic Party structure, including Rep. Charles Rangel (D-Manhattan), national vice chairman for Walter Mondale's campaign and a powerful leader in the black community, have described Jackson's candidacy as one blacks cannot afford to endorse. |archive-date=May 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513155113/https://www.newspapers.com/image/721484503/?terms=%22Charles%20Rangel%22%20%22endorses%22%20%22endorsed%22%20%22Walter%20Mondale%22&match=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> * Representative [[William R. Ratchford]] of [[Connecticut]]<ref name="nytimes.com" /> * Representative [[James Michael Shannon]] of [[Massachusetts]]<ref name="nytimes.com" /> ;Governors and State Constitutional officers * [[New York Attorney General]] [[Robert Abrams]]<ref name="ReferenceA" /> * Governor [[Mario Cuomo]] of New York<ref name="ReferenceA" /> * Lieutenant Governor [[Zell Miller]] of [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]<ref name="ReferenceB">{{Cite web |last=Raines |first=Howell |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/29/us/southern-primaries-could-spell-trouble-for-glenn.html |title=Southern Primaries Could Spell Trouble For Glenn |work=The New York Times |date=January 29, 1984 |access-date=August 11, 2014 |archive-date=February 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214221545/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/29/us/southern-primaries-could-spell-trouble-for-glenn.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ;Former officeholders * Former President [[Jimmy Carter]] of [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]<ref name="ReferenceC">{{Cite web |last=Raines |first=Howell |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/10/20/us/democrats-pursue-southern-support.html |title=Democrats Pursue Southern Support |work=The New York Times |date=October 20, 1983 |access-date=August 11, 2014 |archive-date=September 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921111012/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/10/20/us/democrats-pursue-southern-support.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ;Former diplomats, board members and other officials * Former Secretary of State [[Dean Rusk]] of [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]<ref name="ReferenceC" /> ;Organizations and unions * [[AFLβCIO]]<ref name="ReferenceC" /> * [[Alabama Democratic Conference]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boyd |first=Gerald M. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/12/11/us/alabama-blacks-group-decides-to-back-mondale-jackson-ticket.html |title=Alabama Blacks' Group Decides To Back Mondale-Jackson Ticket |work=The New York Times |date=December 11, 1983 |access-date=August 11, 2014 |archive-date=March 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309092724/http://www.nytimes.com/1983/12/11/us/alabama-blacks-group-decides-to-back-mondale-jackson-ticket.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[National Education Association]]<ref name="nytimes1983">{{Cite web |last=Raines |first=Howell |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/12/12/us/mondale-had-good-83-now-the-real-test-begins.html |title=Mondale had good '83 β now the real test begins |work=The New York Times |date=December 12, 1983 |access-date=August 11, 2014 |archive-date=September 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921111012/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/12/12/us/mondale-had-good-83-now-the-real-test-begins.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[National Organization for Women]]<ref name="nytimes1983" /> ;Current and former state and local officials and party officeholders :'''Alabama''' * Mayor [[Richard Arrington, Jr.]] of Birmingham<ref name="nytimes1984">{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Hedrick |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/02/25/us/experts-say-the-south-looks-blead-for-glenn.html |title=Experts Say The South Looks Blead For Glenn |work=The New York Times |date=February 25, 1984 |access-date=August 11, 2014 |archive-date=February 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214215840/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/02/25/us/experts-say-the-south-looks-blead-for-glenn.html |url-status=live }}</ref> :'''California''' * Mayor and 1982 Democratic Gubernatorial nominee [[Tom Bradley (American politician)|Tom Bradley]] of Los Angeles<ref name="nytimes2">{{Cite web |author=HOWELL RAINES |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/04/us/a-provocative-candidate.html |title=A Provocative Candidate |work=The New York Times |date=November 4, 1983 |access-date=August 11, 2014 |archive-date=September 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921111515/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/04/us/a-provocative-candidate.html |url-status=live }}</ref> :'''Georgia''' * State Senator [[Julian Bond]]<ref name="ReferenceB" /> :'''Illinois''' * Former Alderman, President of the City Council, 1983 mayoral candidate, and Cook County Democratic Party Chairman [[Edward Vrdolyak]] of Chicago<ref name="nytimes3">{{Cite web |last=Gailey |first=Phil |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/12/05/us/political-potholes-ahead-for-traveling-democrats.html |title=Political Potholes Ahead For Traveling Democrats |location=Chicago (Ill) |work=The New York Times |date=December 5, 1983 |access-date=August 11, 2014 |archive-date=March 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309092607/http://www.nytimes.com/1983/12/05/us/political-potholes-ahead-for-traveling-democrats.html |url-status=live }}</ref> :'''Michigan''' * Mayor [[Coleman Young]] of Detroit<ref name="nytimes2" /> {{hidden end}} {{hidden begin|titlestyle=background:#cff|title=List of Gary Hart endorsements|contentstyle=border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white;}} Hart had received endorsements from: ;United States House of Representatives * Representative [[Patricia Schroeder]] of [[Colorado]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raines |first=Howell |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/10/19/us/politics-hart-s-tactics-askew-s-train-and-film-anxieties.html |title=Politics β Hart'S Tactics Askew'S Train And Film Anxieties |work=The New York Times |date=October 19, 1983 |access-date=August 11, 2014 |archive-date=March 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309092723/http://www.nytimes.com/1983/10/19/us/politics-hart-s-tactics-askew-s-train-and-film-anxieties.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * Representative [[Chuck Schumer]] of New York<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rainie |first=Harrison |date=June 7, 1984 |title=Urge Hart to pack it in for unity |page=34 |work=Daily News |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/488341730/?terms=%22Schumer%22%20%22Hart%22%20%22endorses%22&match=1 |access-date=May 13, 2022 |archive-date=May 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513155107/https://www.newspapers.com/image/488341730/?terms=%22Schumer%22%20%22Hart%22%20%22endorses%22&match=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> * Representative and 1976 Democratic presidential candidate [[Mo Udall]] of [[Arizona]]<ref>{{Cite web |author=HOWELL RAINES |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/02/26/us/8-democrats-gird-for-key-primary-in-new-hampshire.html |title=8 DEMOCRATS GIRD FOR KEY PRIMARY IN NEW HAMPSHIRE |location=New Hampshire |work=The New York Times |date=February 26, 1984 |access-date=August 11, 2014 |archive-date=March 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309092729/http://www.nytimes.com/1984/02/26/us/8-democrats-gird-for-key-primary-in-new-hampshire.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * Representative [[Henry A. Waxman]] of California<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Abramson |first1=Rudy |last2=Oates |first2=May Louise |date=March 8, 1984 |title=Senator Accuses Reagan of Using Divisive Issues |page=1 |work=[[The Los Angeles Times]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/400555885/?terms=%22Henry%20Waxman%22%20%22endorses%22%20%22endorsed%22%20%22Hart%22&match=1 |access-date=May 13, 2022 |archive-date=May 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513155115/https://www.newspapers.com/image/400555885/?terms=%22Henry%20Waxman%22%20%22endorses%22%20%22endorsed%22%20%22Hart%22&match=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> ;Celebrities, political activists, and political commentators * Actor and director [[Warren Beatty]]<ref name="Warren Beatty">{{Cite web|last=Plotz|first=David|date=August 20, 1999|title=Warren Beatty|url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/1999/08/warren-beatty.html|access-date=December 24, 2022|website=Slate Magazine|language=en}}</ref> {{hidden end}} {{hidden begin|titlestyle=background:#cff|title=List of Jesse Jackson endorsements|contentstyle=border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white;}} Jackson had received endorsements from: ;United States House of Representatives * Delegate [[Walter E. Fauntroy]] of Washington, D.C.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Smothers |first=Ronald |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/01/us/democratic-candidates-welcome-jackson-bid-for-nomination.html |title=Democratic Candidates Welcome Jackson Bid For Nomination |work=The New York Times |date=November 1, 1983 |access-date=August 11, 2014}}</ref> ;Former officeholders * Former Representative and 1972 Democratic presidential candidate [[Shirley Chisholm]] of New York<ref name="nytimes4">{{Cite web|last=Smothers |first=Ronald |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/04/us/jackson-declares-formal-candidacy.html |title=Jackson Declares Formal Candidacy |work=The New York Times |date=November 4, 1983 |access-date=August 11, 2014}}</ref> * Former [[Governor of Arkansas|Governor]] [[Orval E. Faubus]] of [[Arkansas]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 10, 1984 |title=Orval Faubus Supporting Jackson |page=6 |work=The Charlotte Observer |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/622397738/?terms=%22Orval%20Faubus%22%20%22endorses%22%20%22endorsed%22%20%22Jackson%22&match=1 |access-date=May 13, 2022 |archive-date=May 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513155111/https://www.newspapers.com/image/622397738/?terms=%22Orval%20Faubus%22%20%22endorses%22%20%22endorsed%22%20%22Jackson%22&match=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> ;Current and former state and local officials and party officeholders :'''Alabama''' * State Senator Michael Figures<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smothers |first=Ronald |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/12/28/us/jackson-wins-attention-but-strength-is-unclear.html |title=Jackson Wins Attention But Strength Is Unclear |work=The New York Times |date=December 28, 1983 |access-date=August 11, 2014 |archive-date=March 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309092717/http://www.nytimes.com/1983/12/28/us/jackson-wins-attention-but-strength-is-unclear.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * Mayor [[Johnny Ford]] of [[Tuskegee, Alabama|Tuskegee]]<ref name="nytimes5" /> * State Senator Earl Hilliard<ref name="nytimes5">{{Cite web |author=Ronald Smothers |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/03/12/us/alabama-black-leaders-are-urging-pragmatism-in-supporting-mondale.html?pagewanted=2 |title=Alabama Black Leaders Are Urging Pragmatism In Supporting Mondale |work=The New York Times |date=March 12, 1984 |access-date=August 11, 2014 |archive-date=March 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309092706/http://www.nytimes.com/1984/03/12/us/alabama-black-leaders-are-urging-pragmatism-in-supporting-mondale.html?pagewanted=2 |url-status=live }}</ref> * State Senator Hank Sanders<ref name="nytimes1984" /> :'''Georgia''' * State Representative Tyrone Brookes<ref name="nytimes6">{{Cite web |last=Smothers |first=Ronald |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/15/us/jackson-attracts-crowds-but-planning-is-erratic.html |title=Jackson Attracts Crowds, But Planning Is Erratic |work=The New York Times |date=January 15, 1984 |access-date=August 11, 2014 |archive-date=March 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309092745/http://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/15/us/jackson-attracts-crowds-but-planning-is-erratic.html |url-status=live }}</ref> :'''Illinois''' * Mayor Carl Officer of [[East St. Louis, Illinois|East St. Louis]]<ref name="nytimes6" /> :'''Indiana''' * Mayor [[Richard G. Hatcher]] of [[Gary, Indiana|Gary]]<ref name="nytimes3" /> :'''Washington, D.C.''' * [[List of mayors of Washington, D.C.|Mayor]] [[Marion Barry]] of Washington, D.C.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Canerdy |first=Beverly |date=March 12, 1984 |title=D.C. mayor stumps for Jackson |page=12 |work=Clarion-Ledger |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/181121709/?terms=%22Marion%20Berry%22%20%22Jesse%20Jackson%22&match=1 |access-date=May 13, 2022 |archive-date=September 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921112155/https://www.newspapers.com/image/181121709/?terms=%22Marion%20Berry%22%20%22Jesse%20Jackson%22&match=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> ;Organizations and unions * [[Church of God in Christ]]<ref name="nytimes7" /> * [[Nation of Islam]]<ref name="nytimes7">{{Cite web |last=Boyd |first=Gerald M. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/02/14/us/black-churches-a-mainspring-of-jackson-s-efforts.html |title=Black Churches A Mainspring Of Jackson's Efforts |work=The New York Times |date=February 14, 1984 |access-date=August 11, 2014 |archive-date=September 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921112046/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/02/14/us/black-churches-a-mainspring-of-jackson-s-efforts.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[National Baptist Convention of America, Inc.]]<ref name="nytimes7" /> * [[National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raines |first=Howell |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/12/02/us/jackson-gets-support-apparently-without-poll-of-the-group.html |title=Jackson Gets Support, Apparently Without Poll Of The Group |work=The New York Times |date=December 2, 1983 |access-date=August 11, 2014 |archive-date=March 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309092727/http://www.nytimes.com/1983/12/02/us/jackson-gets-support-apparently-without-poll-of-the-group.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * National Farmers Alliance<ref name="nytimes4" /> * National Hispanic Leadership Conference<ref name="nytimes4" /> ;Celebrities, political activists, and political commentators * [[Muhammad Ali]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/03/us/campaign-notes-muhammad-ali-switches-his-support-to-reagan.html |title=CAMPAIGN NOTES; Muhammad Ali Switches His Support to Reagan |work=The New York Times |date=October 3, 1984 |access-date=November 17, 2023 |archive-date=September 14, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914091416/http://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/03/us/campaign-notes-muhammad-ali-switches-his-support-to-reagan.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * 1980 presidential nominee of the [[Citizens Party (United States)|Citizens Party]] [[Barry Commoner]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/08/30/us/barry-commoner-vows-to-back-jesse-jackson.html|title=Barry Commoner Vows To Back Jesse Jackson|date=August 30, 1983|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=January 18, 2015|archive-date=September 21, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921112125/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/08/30/us/barry-commoner-vows-to-back-jesse-jackson.html|url-status=live}}</ref> {{hidden end}} {{hidden begin|titlestyle=background:#cff|title=List of Ernest F. Hollings endorsements|contentstyle=border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white;}} Hollings had received endorsements from: ;United States Senate * Former U.S. Senator [[Birch Bayh]] of [[Indiana (U.S. state)|Indiana]]<ref name="libsc">{{Cite web|url=https://sc.edu/about/offices_and_divisions/university_libraries/browse/sc_political_collections/index.php|title=South Carolina Political Collections β University Libraries | University of South Carolina|website=sc.edu|access-date=September 25, 2022|archive-date=September 21, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921112048/https://sc.edu/about/offices_and_divisions/university_libraries/browse/sc_political_collections/index.php|url-status=live}}</ref> * Former U.S. Senator [[William B. Spong, Jr.]] of [[Virginia (U.S. state)|Virginia]]<ref name="wp 1983">{{Cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1983/12/15/del-pickett-to-head-mondales-va-race/96d83ced-6c77-49b8-89e0-8f86f3526c66/ | title=Del. Pickett to Head Mondale's Va. Race | author=Tom Sherwood | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | date=December 15, 1983 | access-date=May 25, 2018 | archive-date=July 8, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708104536/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1983/12/15/del-pickett-to-head-mondales-va-race/96d83ced-6c77-49b8-89e0-8f86f3526c66/ | url-status=live }}</ref> ;State Constitutional officers * Lieutenant Governor [[Martha Griffiths]] of [[Michigan (U.S. state)|Michigan]]<ref name="wstar 1984">{{Cite web| title=Winchester Star Newspaper Archives February 10, 1984 Page 18| date=February 10, 1984| url=https://newspaperarchive.com/winchester-star-feb-10-1984-p-18/| access-date=May 25, 2018| archive-date=May 25, 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180525132920/https://newspaperarchive.com/winchester-star-feb-10-1984-p-18/| url-status=live}}</ref> * State Senator [[Anna Belle Clement O'Brien]] of [[Tennessee (U.S. state)|Tennessee]]<ref name="npost 2009">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nashvillepost.com/news/2009/9/1/annabelle_clement_obrien_passes_away_at_86 | title=Anna Belle Clement O'Brien passes away at 86 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906000558/https://www.nashvillepost.com/news/2009/9/1/annabelle_clement_obrien_passes_away_at_86 | archive-date=September 6, 2009}}</ref> * Lieutenant Governor [[Nancy Stevenson]] of [[South Carolina (U.S. state)|South Carolina]]<ref name="wstar 1984" /> {{hidden end}} {{hidden begin|titlestyle=background:#cff|title=List of John Glenn endorsements|contentstyle=border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white;}} Glenn had received endorsements from: ;United States Senate * Senator [[Sam Nunn]] of [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 11, 1984 |title=Glenn camp can't afford loss in South |page=7 |work=The Morning Call |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/280302609/?terms=%22Sam%20Nunn%22%20%22endorses%22%20%22endorsed%22%20%22Glenn%22&match=1 |access-date=May 13, 2022 |quote=Glenn was endorsed Friday by Sen. Sam Nunn, D-Ga., who said he cast his absentee ballot for the Ohio senator. |archive-date=May 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517221437/https://www.newspapers.com/image/280302609/?terms=%22Sam%20Nunn%22%20%22endorses%22%20%22endorsed%22%20%22Glenn%22&match=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> * Senator [[Jim Sasser]] of [[Tennessee]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Robinson |first=Walter V. |date=January 21, 1984 |title=Glenn says a Mondale comment 'goes too far' |page=6 |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/437043000/?terms=%22Jim%20Sasser%22%20%22Glenn%22%20%22endorses%22&match=1 |access-date=May 13, 2022 |archive-date=September 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921112049/https://www.newspapers.com/image/437043000/?terms=%22Jim%20Sasser%22%20%22Glenn%22%20%22endorses%22&match=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> * Senator [[Paul Tsongas]] of [[Massachusetts]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/06/15/us/glenn-seeking-to-turn-a-hero-s-image-into-votes.html|title=Glenn seeking to turn a hero's image into votes|date=June 15, 1983|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=January 18, 2015|archive-date=May 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524140524/http://www.nytimes.com/1983/06/15/us/glenn-seeking-to-turn-a-hero-s-image-into-votes.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ;United States House of Representatives * Representative [[Jerry Huckaby]] of [[Louisiana]]<ref name="nytimes.com" /> ;Governors and State Constitutional officers * [[Lieutenant Governor of Alabama|Lieutenant Governor]] [[Bill Baxley]] of [[Alabama]]<ref name="ReferenceC" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=August 26, 1984 |title=Ferraro collects pledges of support from state's major political groups |page=2 |work=The Montgomery Advertiser |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/258100107/?terms=%22Bill%20Baxley%22%20%22endorses%22%20%22endorsed%22%20%22Glenn%22&match=1 |access-date=May 13, 2022 |archive-date=May 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513155112/https://www.newspapers.com/image/258100107/?terms=%22Bill%20Baxley%22%20%22endorses%22%20%22endorsed%22%20%22Glenn%22&match=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Governor of Virginia|Governor]] [[Chuck Robb]] of [[Virginia]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 25, 1984 |title=Durrette criticizes Robb for endorsing Mondale |page=11 |work=Kingsport Times-News |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/595402337/?terms=%22Chuck%20Robb%22%20%22Glenn%22%20%22endorses%22&match=1 |access-date=May 13, 2022 |archive-date=May 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513155108/https://www.newspapers.com/image/595402337/?terms=%22Chuck%20Robb%22%20%22Glenn%22%20%22endorses%22&match=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> ;Current and former state and local officials and party officeholders :'''Georgia''' * Commissioner of Agriculture [[Tommy Irvin]]<ref name="ReferenceB" /> :'''Texas''' * State Representative Larry Walker<ref name="ReferenceB" /> ;Celebrities * Actor and director [[Warren Beatty]]<ref name="Warren Beatty" /> {{hidden end}} {{hidden begin|titlestyle=background:#cff|title=List of Alan Cranston endorsements|contentstyle=border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white;}} Cranston had received endorsements from: ;United States House of Representatives * Representative [[William Lehman (Florida politician)|William Lehman]] of Florida<ref name="nytimes.com" /> {{hidden end}} {{hidden begin|titlestyle=background:#cff|title=List of Reubin Askew endorsements|contentstyle=border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white;}} Askew had received endorsements from: ;United States Senate * Senator [[Lawton Chiles]] of Florida<ref name="nytimes1984" /> ;United States House of Representatives * Representative [[William V. Chappell, Jr.]] of Florida<ref name="nytimes.com" /> * Representative [[Dante Fascell]] of Florida<ref name="nytimes.com" /> * Representative [[Sam Gibbons]] of Florida<ref name="nytimes.com" /> * Representative [[Dan Mica]] of Florida<ref name="nytimes.com" /> ;Governors and State Constitutional officers * [[Governor of Florida|Governor]] [[Bob Graham]] of Florida<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 2, 1984 |title=Askew Ends Presidential Campaign |page=17 |work=[[The Miami Herald]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/630111659/?terms=%22Bob%20Graham%22%20%22endorses%22%20%22endorsed%22%20%22Askew%22&match=1 |access-date=May 13, 2022 |quote=One who apparently dissuaded him was Gov. Bob Graham, who steadfastly supported Askew for president. |archive-date=September 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921112049/https://www.newspapers.com/image/630111659/?terms=%22Bob%20Graham%22%20%22endorses%22%20%22endorsed%22%20%22Askew%22&match=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> ;Current and former state and local officials and party officeholders :'''Florida''' * Mayor Eva Mack of [[West Palm Beach, Florida|West Palm Beach]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/02/07/us/askew-tells-mobile-he-feels-good-about-race.html|title=ASKEW TELLS MOBILE HE 'FEELS GOOD' ABOUT RACE|date=February 7, 1984|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=January 18, 2015|archive-date=February 14, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214215611/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/02/07/us/askew-tells-mobile-he-feels-good-about-race.html|url-status=live}}</ref> {{hidden end}} ==== Convention ==== This was the [[1984 Democratic National Convention|convention's]] nomination tally: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left" |+ Balloting |- !Presidential ballot!! !!Vice presidential ballot!! |- ![[Walter F. Mondale]] !!2,191!! [[Geraldine Ferraro|Geraldine A. Ferraro]] !!3,920 |- ![[Gary W. Hart]]!!1,200.5!! [[Shirley Chisholm]] !!3 |- ![[Jesse L. Jackson]] !!465.5!! !! |- ![[Thomas F. Eagleton]] !!18!! !! |- ![[George S. McGovern]] !!4!! !! |- ![[John H. Glenn]] !!2!! !! |- ![[Joe Biden]] !!1!! !! |- ![[Lane Kirkland]] !!1!! !! |} When he made his acceptance speech at the Democratic Convention, Mondale said: "Let's tell the truth. Mr. Reagan will raise taxes, and so will I. He won't tell you. I just did."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F20617F63A5D0C738EDDAE0894DC484D81 |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Party Nominates Rep. Ferraro; Mondale, in Acceptance, Vows Fair Policies and Deficit Cut |date=July 20, 1984 |author=Howell Raines |page=A1 }}</ref> Although Mondale intended to expose Reagan as hypocritical and position himself as the honest candidate, the choice of raising taxes as a discussion point likely damaged his electoral chances. ==== Vice presidential nominee ==== [[File:Mayor Raymond L. Flynn, Vice-Presidential Candidate Geraldine Ferraro, Governor Michael Dukakis (9577542068).jpg|thumb|right|Ferraro with Boston Mayor [[Raymond Flynn]] and Massachusetts Governor [[Michael Dukakis]] at a campaign stop in Boston]] Mondale wanted to establish a highly visible precedent with his vice presidential candidate. Mondale chose [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Rep.]] [[Geraldine Ferraro|Geraldine A. Ferraro]] from New York as his running mate, making her the first woman nominated for that position by a major party. Another reason for the nominee to "go for broke" instead of [[balancing the ticket]] was Reagan's lead in the polls. Mondale hoped to appeal to women, and by 1980, they were the majority of voters. In a "much criticized parade of possible Veep candidates" to his home in Minnesota, Mondale considered San Francisco Mayor [[Dianne Feinstein]] and [[Governor of Kentucky|Kentucky Governor]] [[Martha Layne Collins]], also female; Los Angeles Mayor [[Tom Bradley (American politician)|Tom Bradley]], an African American; and San Antonio Mayor [[Henry Cisneros]], a Hispanic, as other finalists for the nomination. In addition to her sex, Mondale chose Ferraro because he hoped she would attract ethnic voters with her personal background.<ref name="ThomasTime1984" /><ref name="time19840723">{{Cite magazine | url=http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,952425,00.html | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130105074430/http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,952425,00.html | archive-date=January 5, 2013 | title=Geraldine Ferraro: A Break with Tradition | access-date=March 26, 2011 | author1=Church, George L. | author2=Magnuson, Ed | date=July 23, 1984 | magazine=Time }}</ref> Unsuccessful nomination candidate Jesse Jackson derided Mondale's vice-presidential screening process as a "P.R. parade of personalities", but praised Mondale for his choice, having himself pledged to name a woman to the ticket in the event he was nominated. Mondale had wanted to choose New York Governor [[Mario Cuomo]] as his running mate, but Cuomo declined and recommended Ferraro,<ref name="blumenthal20080904">{{Cite news |url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/09/04/when-the-press-vetted-geraldine-ferraro/ |title=When the Press Vetted Geraldine Ferraro |access-date=March 26, 2011 |author=Blumenthal, Ralph |date=September 8, 2008 |work=The New York Times |archive-date=January 8, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108230724/http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/09/04/when-the-press-vetted-geraldine-ferraro/ |url-status=live }}</ref> his protΓ©gΓ©e.<ref name="buckley20110328">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/28/nyregion/28geraldine.html |title=Of Ferraro's Roles in Many Arenas, a Favorite: Gerry From Queens |access-date=March 30, 2011 |author=Buckley, Cara |date=March 28, 2011 |work=The New York Times |pages=A18 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308131452/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/28/nyregion/28geraldine.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Mondale might have named Massachusetts Governor [[Michael Dukakis]] as his running mate had he wanted to make a "safe" choice",{{r|time19840723}} while others preferred Senator [[Lloyd Bentsen]] because he would appeal to more conservative Southern voters. Nomination rival [[Gary Hart]] stated before Ferraro's selection that he would accept an invitation to run with Mondale;{{r|time19840723}} Hart's supporters claimed he would do better than Mondale against President Reagan, an argument undercut by a June 1984 Gallup poll that showed both men nine points behind the president. === Other parties === ====National Unity Party nomination==== [[File:John B. Anderson in New Jersey (cropped).jpg|thumb|193x193px|Former U.S. representative [[John B. Anderson]] declined to run on April 26, 1984, and endorsed Mondale on August 27.]] The National Unity Party was an outgrowth of [[John B. Anderson|John Anderson's]] presidential campaign from the [[1980 United States presidential election|1980 presidential election]]. Anderson hoped that the party would be able to challenge the "two old parties", which he viewed as being tied to various special interest groups and incapable of responsible fiscal reform. The intention was to organize the new party in California, Oregon, Washington, Illinois, the New England states, and others where his previous candidacy had proven to have experienced the most success. The party was also eligible for $5.8 million in Federal election funds, but its qualification depended on it being on the ballot in at least ten states; however, it remained unclear if National Unity could actually obtain the funds, or if it needed to be Anderson himself.<ref>''The New York Times'', June 11, 1983</ref><ref>''The New York Times'', November 9, 1983</ref><ref>''The New York Times'', April 20, 1984</ref><ref>''The New York Times'', April 27, 1984</ref><ref>''The New York Times'', May 4, 1984</ref><ref>''The New York Times'', August 28, 1984</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archives.nbclearn.com/portal/site/k-12/flatview?cuecard=3344|title=Former Congressman John Anderson Runs for President Again in 1984|publisher=Archives.nbclearn.com|access-date=January 18, 2015|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304191858/http://archives.nbclearn.com/portal/site/k-12/flatview?cuecard=3344|url-status=live}}</ref> Anderson initially was against running, hoping that another notable politico would take the party into the 1984 election, and feared that his own candidacy might result in the party being labeled a "personality cult". However, no candidate came forward resulting in Anderson becoming the nominee in waiting. While Anderson had found equal support from the Republicans and Democrats in the 1980 election, the grand majority of the former had since switched back, resulting in the new party being supported principally by those who normally would vote Democratic, which it was feared might make him a [[Spoiler effect|spoiler candidate]]. In light of this, in addition to difficulties in getting on the ballot in his targeted states (Utah and Kentucky were the only two, neither among those he intended to prominently campaign in), Anderson ultimately declined to run. Anderson announced that he would not run on April 26, 1984.<ref name="anderson not running">{{Cite news |date=April 27, 1984 |title=Anderson Won't Join Race for Presidency |page=7A |work=[[The Burlington Free Press]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-burlington-free-press/141284015/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240217211250/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-burlington-free-press/141284015/ |archive-date=February 17, 2024 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> He later endorsed Mondale and a survey of National Unity members showed that they supported his action.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 31, 1984 |title=Anderson in New YorkTo Support Mondale |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/31/us/campaign-notes-anderson-new-yorkto-support-mondale-united-press-international.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240217034413/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/31/us/campaign-notes-anderson-new-yorkto-support-mondale-united-press-international.html |archive-date=February 17, 2024}}</ref> Anderson had hoped that the party would continue to grow and field candidates in 1986,<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 27, 1984 |last=Broder |first=David |title=Anderson To Endorse Mondale |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1984/08/28/anderson-to-endorse-mondale/5920dd0c-930b-492e-a68b-985f1e708170/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240217034333/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1984/08/28/anderson-to-endorse-mondale/5920dd0c-930b-492e-a68b-985f1e708170/ |archive-date=February 17, 2024}}</ref> and later a presidential candidate in 1988.<ref name="anderson not running" /> ==== Libertarian Party nomination ==== * [[David Bergland]], Party Chairman from California * [[Gene Burns]], [[talk radio]] host from Florida ''(withdrew β August 26, 1983)''<ref>{{Cite web|date=August 27, 1983|title=Candidate withdraws from Race|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=dU4tAAAAIBAJ&sjid=VM8FAAAAIBAJ&pg=3911,4640110&dq=gene-burns+radio&hl=en|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130921024522/http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=dU4tAAAAIBAJ&sjid=VM8FAAAAIBAJ&pg=3911,4640110&dq=gene-burns+radio&hl=en|archive-date=September 21, 2013|website=news.google.com|via=The Palm Beach Post}}</ref> * [[Tonie Nathan]], 1972 vice presidential nominee from [[Oregon]] ''(declined to contest)'' * [[Earl Ravenal]], foreign policy analyst, academic, and writer from Washington, D.C. * [[Mary Ruwart]], research scientist from [[Texas]] Burns was the initial frontrunner for the nomination, but withdrew, citing concerns that the party would not be able to properly finance a campaign. The remaining candidates were Bergland; Ravenal, who had worked in the Department of Defense under [[Robert McNamara]] and [[Clark Clifford]]; and Ruwart. Bergland narrowly won the presidential nomination over Ravenal. His running mate was [[James A. Lewis (politician)|James A. Lewis]]. The ticket appeared on 39 state ballots. ==== Citizens Party nomination ==== [[Sonia Johnson]] ran in the 1984 presidential election, as the presidential candidate of the [[Citizens Party (United States)|Citizens Party]], Pennsylvania's Consumer Party and California's [[Peace and Freedom Party]]. Johnson received 72,161 votes (0.1%) finishing fifth. Her running mate for the Citizens Party was [[Richard J. Walton|Richard Walton]] and for the Peace and Freedom Party [[Emma Wong Mar]]. One of her campaign managers, Mark Dunlea, later wrote a novel about a first female president, ''Madame President''. ==== Communist Party nomination ==== The [[Communist Party USA]] ran [[Gus Hall]] for president and [[Angela Davis]] for vice president. ==General election== === Polling aggregation === The following graph depicts the standing of each candidate in the poll aggregators from July 1983 to Election Day. [[File:OpinionPolling1984UnitedStatesPresidentialElection.svg|thumb|800px|center| {{columns-list|colwidth=18em| {{Legend-line|#e81b23 solid 5px|[[Ronald Reagan]]}} {{Legend-line|#3333ff solid 5px|[[Walter Mondale]]}} }}]] === Polling === {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;line-height:17px" |- valign= bottom ! Poll source ! Date(s)<br />administered ! class="unsortable" style="width:100px;"| Ronald<br>Reagan (R) ! class="unsortable" style="width:100px;"| Walter<br>Mondale (D) ! class="unsortable" | Other ! class="unsortable" | Undecided |- | rowspan=1 | ABC-Washington Post<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 17, 1982 |title=Reagan Should Not Seek Second Term, Majority Believes |page= |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1982/09/17/reagan-should-not-seek-second-term-majority-believes/4ccc2a56-1693-469d-af51-1368fd0fc649/ |url-access=subscription |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |September 9-13, 1982 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''45%''' | 38% | - | 17% |- | rowspan=1 | Gallup<ref>{{cite book |last=Gallup |first=George |author-link=George Gallup |date=1983 |title=The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1983 |page=3}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |December 10-13, 1982 | 40% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''52%''' | - | 8% |- | rowspan=1 | Harris<ref>{{Cite news |date=Jan 24, 1983 |title=Survey Indicated Mondale Led Reagan In 1984 Preference Test |page=24 |work=Omaha World-Herald |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/omaha-world-herald-survey-indicated-mond/160874407/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |January 2-5, 1983 | 44% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''53%''' | - | 3% |- | rowspan=1 | Gallup<ref>{{cite book |last=Gallup |first=George |author-link=George Gallup |date=1983 |title=The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1983 |page=46}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |February 25-28, 1983 | 41% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''47%''' | 3% | 12% |- | rowspan=1 | Harris<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 28, 1983 |title=Poll: President Pulls Even With Mondale, Glenn |page=3 |work=The Lincoln Star |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-lincoln-star-poll-president-pulls-e/160875198/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |Mar. 17-Apr. 10, 1983 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''48%''' | 46% | - | 6% |- | rowspan=1 | ABC-Washington Post<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 15, 1983 |title=Reagan Gaining In The Polls |page=3 |work=Bennington Banner |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/bennington-banner-reagan-gaining-in-the/160993721/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |April 8-12, 1983 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''46%''' | 45% | - | 9% |- | rowspan=1 | Gallup<ref>{{cite book |last=Gallup |first=George |author-link=George Gallup |date=1983 |title=The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1983 |page=93}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |Apr. 29-May 2, 1983 | 42% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''49%''' | - | 9% |- | rowspan=1 | Los Angeles Times<ref name="auto">{{Cite news |date=May 19, 1983 |title=Glenn Eclipses Mondale In Gallup Survey |page=15 |work=The Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-los-angeles-times-glenn-eclipses-mon/160994526/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |May 8-12, 1983 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''48%''' | 40% | - | 12% |- | rowspan=1 | ABC-Washington Post<ref name="auto"/> | rowspan=1 |May 11-15, 1983 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''47%''' | 42% | - | 11% |- | rowspan=1 | Gallup<ref>{{cite book |last=Gallup |first=George |author-link=George Gallup |date=1983 |title=The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1983 |page=103}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |May 13-16, 1983 | 42% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''47%''' | - | 11% |- | rowspan=1 | Harris<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 11, 1983 |title=Voters In Poll Split On Reagan Running In 1984 |page=3 |work=Omaha World-Herald |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/omaha-world-herald-voters-in-poll-split/160875595/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |June 1-11, 1983 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''50%''' | 45% | - | 5% |- | rowspan=1 | Gallup<ref>{{cite book |last=Gallup |first=George |author-link=George Gallup |date=1983 |title=The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1983 |page=122}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |June 10-13, 1983 | 41% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''50%''' | 3% | 6% |- | rowspan=1 | Harris<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 1, 1983 |title=Poll: Reagan Vs. Mondale, Glenn 'Too Close To Call' |page=8 |work=Omaha World-Herald |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/omaha-world-herald-poll-reagan-vs-mond/160875782/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |July 14-18, 1983 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''49%''' | 46% | - | 5% |- | rowspan=1 | ABC-Washington Post<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 8, 1983 |title=Polls Show Glenn Tops Reagan, Mondale Close |page=C6 |work=The Knoxville News-Sentinel |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-knoxville-news-sentinel-polls-show-g/160876047/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |Jul. 28-Aug. 1, 1983 | 47% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''48%''' | - | 5% |- | rowspan=1 | Gallup<ref>{{cite book |last=Gallup |first=George |author-link=George Gallup |date=1983 |title=The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1983 |page=148}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |Jul. 29-Aug. 1, 1983 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''44%''' | 42% | - | 14% |- | rowspan=1 | Gallup<ref>{{cite book |last=Gallup |first=George |author-link=George Gallup |date=1983 |title=The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1983 |page=169}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |August 12-15, 1983 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''44%''' | 43% | - | 13% |- | rowspan=1 | Gallup<ref name="auto2">{{cite book |last=Gallup |first=George |author-link=George Gallup |date=1983 |title=The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1983 |page=206}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |September 16-19, 1983 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''48%''' | 44% | - | 8% |- | rowspan=1 | ABC-Washington Post<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 29, 1983 |title=McGovern's Entry Aids Glenn, Harms Mondale |page= |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1983/09/30/mcgoverns-entry-aids-glenn-harms-mondale/f8128d77-2c1b-47a9-8405-9c0276865cc6/ |url-access=subscription |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |September 22-26, 1983 | 46% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''48%''' | - | 6% |- | rowspan=1 | Gallup<ref name="auto2"/> | rowspan=1 |October 7-10, 1983 | 44% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''50%''' | - | 6% |- | rowspan=1 | Harris<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 15, 1983 |title=Anderson Candidacy Helps Reagan's Chances |page=21 |work=The Californian |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-californian-anderson-candidacy-helps/160876896/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |November 9-12, 1983 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''51%''' | 45% | - | 4% |- | rowspan=1 | Gallup<ref>{{cite book |last=Gallup |first=George |author-link=George Gallup |date=1984 |title=The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1984 |page=3}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |December 9-12, 1983 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''51%''' | 44% | - | 5% |- | rowspan=1 | ABC-Washington Post<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 17, 1983 |title=Reagan, Mondale Now Tied |page=7A |work=The Atlanta Constitution |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-constitution-reagan-mondale/160876980/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |December 9-13, 1983 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''48%''' | 47% | - | 5% |- | rowspan=1 | Gallup<ref>{{cite book |last=Gallup |first=George |author-link=George Gallup |date=1984 |title=The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1984 |page=12}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |January 13-16, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''48%''' | 47% | - | 5% |- | rowspan=1 | CBS/New York Times<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 25, 1984 |title=Reagan, Mondale Get Support; Glenn Slips In Poll |page=3A |work=The Idaho Statesman |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-idaho-statesman-reagan-mondale-get/160936687/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |January 14-21, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''46%''' | 41% | - | 13% |- | rowspan=1 | Gallup<ref>{{cite book |last=Gallup |first=George |author-link=George Gallup |date=1984 |title=The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1984 |page=54}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |February 10-13, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''53%''' | 43% | - | 10% |- | rowspan=1 | Gallup<ref>{{cite book |last=Gallup |first=George |author-link=George Gallup |date=1984 |title=The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1984 |page=53}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |February 10-13, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''52%''' | 42% | - | 10% |- | rowspan=1 | ABC-Washington Post<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 17, 1984 |title=Majority of Democrats Back Mondale in Poll |page= |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1984/02/18/majority-of-democrats-back-mondale-in-poll/fb2744e3-58cd-4123-9107-a319046bbec8/ |url-access=subscription |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |February 13-15, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''50%''' | 45% | - | 5% |- | rowspan=1 | Gallup<ref>{{cite book |last=Gallup |first=George |author-link=George Gallup |date=1984 |title=The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1984 |page=67}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |March 1-2, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''54%''' | 42% | - | 4% |- | rowspan=1 | Harris<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 5, 1984 |title=Hart Moves Ahead In Preference Poll |page=1 |work=Fremont Tribune |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/fremont-tribune-hart-moves-ahead-in-pref/160900959/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |March 1-3, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''55%''' | 41% | - | 4% |- | rowspan=1 | Gallup<ref name="auto7">{{cite book |last=Gallup |first=George |author-link=George Gallup |date=1984 |title=The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1984 |page=75}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |March 2-6, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''50%''' | 45% | - | 5% |- | rowspan=1 | Harris<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 22, 1984 |title=Poll: Hart Has Best Chance Against Reagan |page=15A |work=The Atlanta Journal |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-journal-poll-hart-has-best/160921350/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |March 15-17, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''57%''' | 37% | - | 6% |- | rowspan=1 | Gallup<ref name="auto7"/> | rowspan=1 |March 16-19, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''52%''' | 44% | - | 4% |- | rowspan=1 | Gallup<ref name="auto4">{{cite book |last=Gallup |first=George |author-link=George Gallup |date=1984 |title=The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1984 |page=94}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |April 11-15, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''52%''' | 44% | - | 4% |- | rowspan=1 | Gallup<ref name="auto4"/> | rowspan=1 |May 3-5, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''50%''' | 46% | - | 4% |- | rowspan=1 | Gallup<ref>{{cite book |last=Gallup |first=George |author-link=George Gallup |date=1984 |title=The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1984 |page=100}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |May 18-21, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''53%''' | 43% | - | 4% |- | rowspan=1 | Gallup<ref name="auto1">{{cite book |last=Gallup |first=George |author-link=George Gallup |date=1984 |title=The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1984 |page=113}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |June 6-8, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''53%''' | 44% | - | 3% |- | rowspan=1 | Harris<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 17, 1984 |title=Hart Leads Reagan, Reagan Leads Mondale |page=23 |work=Pacific Daily News |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/pacific-daily-news-hart-leads-reagan-re/160933542/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |June 7-11, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''56%''' | 41% | - | 3% |- | rowspan=1 | Gallup<ref name="auto1"/> | rowspan=1 |June 22-25, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''56%''' | 38% | - | 6% |- | rowspan=1 | CBS/New York Times<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 3, 1984 |title=Poll Shows Democrats Favor Hart For Running Mate |page=A5 |work=The Columbian |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-columbian-poll-shows-democrats-favor/160937283/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |June 23-28, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''50%''' | 35% | - | 15% |- | rowspan=1 | Gallup<ref name="auto3">{{cite book |last=Gallup |first=George |author-link=George Gallup |date=1984 |title=The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1984 |page=119}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |Jun. 29-Jul. 2, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''51%''' | 43% | - | 6% |- | rowspan=1 | Harris<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 17, 1984 |title=Early Survey Shows Ferraro Helps Mondale |page=1 |work=Poughkeepsie Journal |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/poughkeepsie-journal-early-survey-shows/160934374/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |July 2-7, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''51%''' | 45% | - | 4% |- | rowspan=1 | ABC-Washington Post<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 11, 1984 |title=Reagan's Lead Cut |page= |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1984/07/12/reagans-lead-cut/926365f7-f069-46eb-b6fc-261a97551eea/ |url-access=subscription |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |July 5-8, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''51%''' | 44% | - | 5% |- | rowspan=1 | CBS/New York Times<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 14, 1984 |title=Public Unsure Of Ms. Ferraro, Poll Says |page=10 |work=The Daily Progress |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-progress-public-unsure-of-ms/160937371/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |July 12, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''53%''' | 38% | - | 9% |- | rowspan=1 | Gallup<ref name="auto3"/> | rowspan=1 |July 13-16, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''52%''' | 39% | - | 8% |- | colspan="10" align="center" | '''July 16: Democratic Convention Begins''' |- | colspan="10" align="center" | '''July 19: Democratic Convention Ends''' |- | rowspan=1 | Gallup<ref name="auto6">{{cite book |last=Gallup |first=George |author-link=George Gallup |date=1984 |title=The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1984 |page=123}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |July 19-20, 1984 | 46% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''48%''' | - | 6% |- | rowspan=1 | Harris<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 31, 1984 |title=Harris Poll: Reagan's Lead Shrinks |page=3C |work=The Pensacola News |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-pensacola-news-harris-poll-reagans/160934525/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |July 20-24, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''50%''' | 48% | - | 2% |- | rowspan=1 | Gallup<ref name="auto6"/> | rowspan=1 |July 27-29, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''52%''' | 42% | - | 6% |- | rowspan=1 | Gallup<ref>{{cite book |last=Gallup |first=George |author-link=George Gallup |date=1984 |title=The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1984 |page=127}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |July 27-30, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''53%''' | 41% | - | 6% |- | rowspan=1 | ABC-Washington Post<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 8, 1983 |title=Perceptions |page= |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1983/08/08/perceptions/705ced87-0ff6-480f-90d9-68bfaedf8b2e/ |url-access=subscription |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |Jul. 28-Aug. 1, 1983 | 47% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''48%''' | - | 5% |- | rowspan=1 | CBS/New York Times<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 14, 1984 |title=Poll: Ferraro Fails To Boost Mondale |page=A10 |work=The Orlando Sentinel |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-orlando-sentinel-poll-ferraro-fails/160937471/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |August 5-9, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''49%''' | 34% | - | 17% |- | rowspan=1 | Harris<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 16, 1984 |title=Reagan Has Recaptured Solid Lead Over Mondale |page=4 |work=News Herald |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/news-herald-reagan-has-recaptured-solid/160934784/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |August 5-9, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''54%''' | 42% | - | 6% |- | rowspan=1 | Gallup<ref>{{cite book |last=Gallup |first=George |author-link=George Gallup |date=1984 |title=The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1984 |page=139}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |August 10-13, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''52%''' | 41% | - | 7% |- | colspan="10" align="center" | '''August 20: Republican Convention Begins''' |- | colspan="10" align="center" | '''August 23: Republican Convention Ends''' |- | rowspan=1 | Harris<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 28, 1984 |title=Convention No Big Boost For Reagan's Campaign |page=4 |work=Chillicothe Gazette |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chillicothe-gazette-convention-no-big-bo/160934962/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |August 24-25, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''55%''' | 40% | - | 5% |- | rowspan=1 | Harris<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 13, 1984 |title=Latest Harris Poll Shows Reagan Holding His Lead |page=9 |work=Wausau Daily Herald |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/wausau-daily-herald-latest-harris-poll-s/160935107/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |September 5-9, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''55%''' | 42% | - | 3% |- | rowspan=1 | Gallup<ref>{{cite book |last=Gallup |first=George |author-link=George Gallup |date=1984 |title=The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1984 |page=151}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |September 7-10, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''56%''' | 37% | - | 7% |- | rowspan=1 | ABC-Washington Post<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 12, 1984 |title=Poll Shows Reagan Now Leads Mondale By 16 Points, 56-40 |page= |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1984/09/13/poll-shows-reagan-now-leads-mondale-by-16-points-56-40/0b453ec8-9354-4fae-8a38-9648cf59a5a4/ |url-access=subscription |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |September 6-11, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''56%''' | 40% | - | 4% |- | rowspan=1 | Gallup<ref>{{cite book |last=Gallup |first=George |author-link=George Gallup |date=1984 |title=The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1984 |page=169}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |September 21-24, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''58%''' | 37% | - | 5% |- | rowspan=1 | Harris<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 2, 1984 |title=Reagan Keeps 13-Point Lead On Mondale |page=4 |work=News Herald |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/news-herald-reagan-keeps-13-point-lead-o/160935288/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |September 21-25, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''55%''' | 42% | - | 3% |- | rowspan=1 | Gallup<ref>{{cite book |last=Gallup |first=George |author-link=George Gallup |date=1984 |title=The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1984 |page=181}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |Sep. 28-Oct. 1, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''55%''' | 39% | - | 6% |- | rowspan=1 | CBS/New York Times<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 7, 1984 |title=Reagan Leads, 54-31, In Survey |page=20 |work=The Boston Globe |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-boston-globe-reagan-leads-54-31-in/160940283/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |Sep. 30-Oct. 4, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''59%''' | 33% | - | 7% |- | rowspan=1 | ABC-Washington Post<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 10, 1984 |title=Mondale's Ratings Improve |page= |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1984/10/11/mondales-ratings-improve/4654bb58-c5bd-469c-bc98-3348d940a031/ |url-access=subscription |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |October 8-9, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''56%''' | 41% | - | 3% |- | rowspan=1 | Harris<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 13, 1984 |title=Mondale Creeps To Within 12 Points Of Reagan |page=25 |work=The Californian |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-californian-mondale-creeps-to-within/160935415/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |October 8-9, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''54%''' | 42% | - | 4% |- | rowspan=1 | Harris<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 13, 1984 |title=Reagan, Mondale Look Toward Debate |page=5 |work=The Marshall News Messenger |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-marshall-news-messenger-reagan-mond/160935527/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |October 13-15, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''53%''' | 44% | - | 3% |- | rowspan=1 | ABC-Washington Post<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 24, 1984 |title=Few Votes Shift After 2nd Debate |page= |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1984/10/25/few-votes-shift-after-2nd-debate/12e94ea8-02ed-4bc3-981b-27e3b49d2fe3/ |url-access=subscription |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |October 12-16, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''54%''' | 42% | - | 4% |- | rowspan=1 | Gallup<ref>{{cite book |last=Gallup |first=George |author-link=George Gallup |date=1984 |title=The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1984 |page=205}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |October 15-17, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''58%''' | 38% | - | 4% |- | rowspan=1 | Harris<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 25, 1984 |title=Reagan's Lead Climbs |page=1 |work=Poughkeepsie Journal |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/poughkeepsie-journal-reagans-lead-climb/160935735/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |October 22-23, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''56%''' | 42% | - | 2% |- | rowspan=1 | Harris<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 29, 1984 |title=Reagan Leads In Polls |page=4 |work=Lancaster New Era |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/lancaster-new-era-reagan-leads-in-polls/160935861/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |October 26-28, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''58%''' | 41% | - | 1% |- | rowspan=1 | Gallup<ref>{{cite book |last=Gallup |first=George |author-link=George Gallup |date=1984 |title=The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1984 |page=215}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |October 26-29, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''56%''' | 39% | - | 5% |- | rowspan=1 | Harris<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 29, 1984 |title=Harris Poll Shows Big Reagan Lead |page=2 |work=The Boston Globe |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-boston-globe-harris-poll-shows-big-r/160935948/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |October 26-29, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''58%''' | 40% | - | 1% |- | rowspan=1 | ABC/Washington Post<ref name="auto5">{{Cite news |date=November 5, 1984 |title=Polls Give Reagan At Least 12-Point Lead Day Before |page=16B |work=Longview News-Journal |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/longview-news-journal-polls-give-reagan/160936273/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |Oct. 29-Nov. 1, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''57%''' | 39% | - | 4% |- | rowspan=1 | Harris<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 2, 1984 |title=Poll: Reagan's Big Lead Narrows |page=6A |work=The Journal Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-journal-times-poll-reagans-big-lea/160936103/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |Oct, 26-Nov. 1, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''57%''' | 41% | - | 2% |- | rowspan=1 | CBS/New York Times<ref name="auto5"/> | rowspan=1 |Oct. 29-Nov. 1, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''58%''' | 37% | - | 5% |- | rowspan=1 | ABC-Washington Post<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 17, 1983 |title=Mondale Improves Standing in Polls |page= |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1984/11/05/mondale-improves-standing-in-polls/d942bdb7-8042-4355-8704-f9f60791445b/ |url-access=subscription |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |November 2-3, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''54%''' | 40% | - | 6% |- | rowspan=1 | Gallup<ref>{{cite book |last=Gallup |first=George |author-link=George Gallup |date=1984 |title=The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1984 |page=228}}</ref> | rowspan=1 |November 2-3, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''57%''' | 39% | - | 4% |- | rowspan=1 | Harris<ref name="auto5"/> | rowspan=1 |November 2-3, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''55%''' | 43% | - | 2% |- | rowspan=1 | Roper<ref name="auto5"/> | rowspan=1 |Oct. 27-Nov. 3, 1984 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''52.5%''' | 42.5% | - | 5% |- ! | '''Election Results''' | Nov. 6, 1984 |align="center" {{party shading/Republican}}|'''58.77%''' |align="center" | 40.56% |align="center" | 0.67% |align="center" | - |- |} ===Campaign=== [[File:Candidates Walter Mondale and Geraldine Ferraro campaigning at Ft. Lauderdale, 4-27-84..jpg|thumb|left|Mondale and Ferraro campaigning in Fort Lauderdale, Florida]] Mondale unsuccessfully tried to replace [[Charles Manatt]] with [[Bert Lance]] as chair of the DNC. Mondale made Lance the chair of his presidential campaign. However, Lance had to be removed due to controversy over his tenure as director of the [[Office of Management and Budget]].{{sfn|Ranney|1985|p=119; 133-134}} Reagan's lead in polling declined after the Republican convention due to its strong right-wing stances. Reagan was also criticized for a [[We begin bombing in five minutes|joke about bombing the Soviet Union]]. However, polls showed that voters believed Mondale was "too cautious and vague" and was trying to appeal to too many special interest groups.{{sfn|Ranney|1985|p=134-135}} [[Roger Stone]] and other strategists working for Reagan viewed Ohio, where unemployment was 10%, as his most vulnerable state.{{sfn|Ranney|1985|p=161}} Reagan made appeals to Evangelical voters during the campaign. He declared January 22, 1984, to be [[National Sanctity of Human Life Day]]. The [[Traditional Values Coalition|American Coalition for Traditional Values]] (ACTV), under the leadership of [[Tim LaHaye]], was tasked with maintaining Evangelical support. The ACTV planned on registering 2.5 million voters. Laxalt sent a letter to 45,000 ministers in sixteen states, under the title of the Christian Voter Program, asking for them to support Reagan's campaign and register voters.{{sfn|Pierard|1985|p=101-103}} Mondale ran a [[Modern liberalism in the United States|liberal]] campaign, supporting a [[nuclear freeze]] and the [[Equal Rights Amendment]] (ERA). He spoke against what he considered to be unfairness in Reagan's economic policies and the need to reduce federal [[budget deficit]]s. While Ferraro's choice was popular among Democratic activists, polls immediately after the announcement showed that only 22% of women were pleased about her selection, versus 18% who agreed that it was a bad idea. 60% of all voters thought that pressure from women's groups had led to Mondale's decision, versus 22% who believed that he had chosen the best available candidate.{{r|time19840723}} Some members of the hierarchy of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] criticized the Catholic Ferraro for being [[pro-choice]] on abortion. Already fighting an uphill battle with voters, Ferraro also faced a slew of allegations, mid-campaign, directed toward her husband, [[John Zaccaro]]. These allegations included Zaccaro's possible past involvement in organized crime, pornography distribution, and campaign contribution violations. Ferraro responded to these allegations against her husband by releasing her family tax returns to the media on August 21, 1984. However, the damage to the campaign was already done.{{r|martin20110327}}{{sfn|Ranney|1985|p=134}} [[File:President Reagan and Vice President Bush at a rally at Auditorium Shores in Austin Texas.jpg|thumb|left|Reagan and Bush campaigning in Austin, Texas]] At a campaign stop in [[Hammonton, New Jersey]], Reagan said, "America's future rests in a thousand dreams inside your hearts. It rests in the message of hope in songs of a man so many young Americans admire, New Jersey's [[Bruce Springsteen]]." The Reagan campaign briefly used "[[Born in the U.S.A. (song)|Born in the U.S.A.]]", a song criticizing the treatment of [[Vietnam War]] veterans (which they mistakenly thought was devoid of anti-war content and a very jingoistic patriotic rock song), as a campaign song, without permission, until Springsteen, a lifelong Democrat, insisted that they stop.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Chao|first=Eveline|date=July 8, 2015|title=35 Musicians Who Told Politicians to Stop Using Their Songs|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-lists/stop-using-my-song-35-artists-who-fought-politicians-over-their-music-75611/|access-date=February 8, 2021|magazine=Rolling Stone|language=en-US|archive-date=February 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203094042/https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-lists/stop-using-my-song-35-artists-who-fought-politicians-over-their-music-75611/|url-status=live}}</ref> Two of the more memorable Reagan campaign ads were commonly known as "[[Morning in America]]" and, after the difficult first debate for the president, "[[Bear in the woods]]".<ref name=JABaker>[[Peter Baker (journalist)|Baker, Peter]] and [[Susan Glasser]], ''The Man Who Ran Washington: The Life and Times of James A. Baker III'' (Doubleday, NY: 2020), pp. 238-243.</ref> [[File:Reagan answers question about age 2nd debate of 1984.webm|thumb|right|Clip from the second debate in which Reagan responds to a [[Henry Trewhitt#Question about age at 1984 presidential debate|question]] about his age]] Reagan was the oldest president to have served to that time (at 73) and there were questions about his capacity to endure the grueling demands of the presidency, particularly after Reagan had a poor showing in the first [[1984 United States presidential debates]] with Mondale on October 7. He referred to having started going to church "here in Washington", although the debate was in [[Louisville, Kentucky]], referred to military uniforms as "wardrobe", and admitted to being "confused", among other mistakes.<ref name="1st debate">{{Cite episode| title=1984 Presidential Candidate Debate: President Reagan and Walter Mondale β 10/7/84 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OGvBFQQPRXs| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211029/OGvBFQQPRXs| archive-date=October 29, 2021|series=Debates |access-date=January 15, 2011 |air-date=October 7, 1984}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In the next debate on October 21, however, in response to a [[Henry Trewhitt#Question about age at 1984 presidential debate|question]] from journalist [[Henry Trewhitt]]<ref name=JABaker /> about his age, Reagan joked, "I will not make age an issue of this campaign. I am not going to exploit, for political purposes, my opponent's youth and inexperience." Mondale himself laughed at the joke,<ref name="1984debate2">{{Cite video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EF73k5-Hiqg#t=32m55s | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211029/EF73k5-Hiqg| archive-date=October 29, 2021|title=1984 Presidential Candidate Debate: President Reagan and Walter Mondale β 10/21/84 | publisher=The Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation |date=April 27, 2009 |time =32:55 |people=Reagan, Ronald; Mondale, Walter}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and later admitted that Reagan had effectively neutralized the age issue: {{Blockquote| If TV can tell the truth, as you say it can, you'll see that I was smiling. But I think if you come in close, you'll see some tears coming down because I knew he had gotten me there. That was really the end of my campaign that night, I think. [I told my wife] the campaign was over, and it was.<ref name="newshourdod">{{Cite interview |title=1984: There You Go Again... Again / Debating Our Destiny Transcript |access-date=February 29, 2012 |last=Mondale |first=Walter |subject-link=Walter Mondale |interviewer=Lehrer, Jim |work=PBS Newshour |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001212070100/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/debatingourdestiny/dod/1984-broadcast.html |archive-date = 2000-12-12 |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/debatingourdestiny/dod/1984-broadcast.html}}</ref>}} === Presidential debates === {{Main|1984 United States presidential debates}} There were two presidential debates and one vice presidential debate during the 1984 general election.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.debates.org/index.php?page=1984-debates|title=CPD: 1984 Debates|website=www.debates.org|access-date=January 8, 2019|archive-date=January 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190108145522/https://www.debates.org/index.php?page=1984-debates|url-status=live}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ !No. !Date !Host !Location !Panelists !Moderator !Participants !Viewership<br />(millions) |- |P1 |Sunday, October 7, 1984 |[[The Kentucky Center]] |[[Louisville, Kentucky]] |[[James Wieghart]]<br />[[Diane Sawyer]]<br />[[Fred Barnes (journalist)|Fred Barnes]] |[[Barbara Walters]] |[[Ronald Reagan|President Ronald Reagan]]<br />[[Walter Mondale|Former Vice President Walter Mondale]] |65.1<ref name=":1" /> |- |VP |Thursday, October 11, 1984 |[[Philadelphia Civic Center]] |[[Philadelphia]] |John Bashek<br />Jack White<br />[[Robert Boyd (journalist)|Robert Boyd]] |[[Sander Vanocur]] |[[George H. W. Bush|Vice President George H. W. Bush]]<br />[[Geraldine Ferraro|Congresswoman Geraldine Ferraro]] |56.7<ref name=":1" /> |- |P2 |Sunday, October 21, 1984 |[[Municipal Auditorium (Kansas City, Missouri)]] |[[Kansas City, Missouri]] |[[Georgie Anne Geyer]]<br />[[Marvin Kalb]]<br />[[Morton Kondracke]] |[[Edwin Newman]] |[[Ronald Reagan|President Ronald Reagan]]<br />[[Walter Mondale|Former Vice President Walter Mondale]] |67.3 <ref name=":1" /> |} ==Results== {{multiple image|perrow=2|total_width=300 | image1 = 1984Mov.png | image2 = The 1984 Presidential Election, Results by Congressional District.png | image3 = 1984 United States presidential election results map by county.svg | footer = Results of the 1984 presidential election by margin, congressional district, and county }} This was the first time since [[1960 United States presidential election|1960]] that the voter turnout percentage rose.{{sfn|Ranney|1985|p=1}} Reagan was re-elected in the November 6 election in an electoral and popular vote landslide, winning 49 states by the time the ballots were finished counting on election night at 11:34 PM in Iowa. He won a record 525 electoral votes total (of 538 possible), and received 58.8% of the popular vote; despite Ferraro's selection, 55% of women who voted did so for Reagan,<ref name="martin20110327">{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/27/us/politics/27geraldine-ferraro.html?pagewanted=all | title=Geraldine A. Ferraro, First Woman on Major Party Ticket, Dies at 75 | access-date=March 26, 2011 | author=Martin, Douglas | date=March 27, 2011 | newspaper=The New York Times | pages=A1 | archive-date=August 29, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829193402/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/27/us/politics/27geraldine-ferraro.html?pagewanted=all | url-status=live }}</ref> and his 54 to 61% of the [[Catholic Church and politics in the United States|Catholic vote]] was the highest for a Republican candidate in history.<ref name="prendergast1999">{{Cite book | title=The Catholic vote in American politics | author=Prendergast, William B. | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B9nFwo5B1BQC&q=report&pg=PA191 | publisher=Georgetown University Press | location=Washington, D.C. | isbn=0-87840-724-3 | year=1999 | pages=186, 191β193 | access-date=October 31, 2021 | archive-date=September 21, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921112211/https://books.google.com/books?id=B9nFwo5B1BQC&q=report&pg=PA191#v=snippet&q=report&f=false | url-status=live }}</ref> Mondale's 13 electoral college votes marked the lowest total of any major presidential candidate since [[Alf Landon]]'s [[1936 United States presidential election|1936]] loss to [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], and the fewest of any Democrat since [[Stephen A. Douglas]] claimed 12 in the [[1860 United States presidential election|1860 election]], as well as the worst for a Democrat in a two-way race. However, Democrats [[Alton B. Parker]], [[James M. Cox]], [[John W. Davis]], and [[George S. McGovern]], did worse in the popular vote. This was the [[List of United States presidential elections by Electoral College margin|second-largest]] share of the electoral college since 1820, and the most raw electoral votes received by a candidate. This is the last time any candidate won the popular vote by double digits.<ref name="Murse"/> [[File:President Ronald Reagan and Nancy Reagan receive a concession telephone call from Walter Mondale.jpg|thumb|right|Reagan receiving a [[Concession (politics)|concession]] call from Mondale]] When Reagan was asked in December 1984 what he wanted for Christmas he joked, "Well, Minnesota would have been nice".<ref name="ap19841204">{{Cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ATQdAAAAIBAJ&pg=4591%2C2286313 |title=Minnesota heads Reagan's wish list |work=The Tuscaloosa News |date=December 4, 1984 |agency=Associated Press |access-date=July 18, 2012 |location=Tuscaloosa, Alabama |page=27 |archive-date=November 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127235737/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ATQdAAAAIBAJ&pg=4591,2286313 |url-status=live }}</ref> He lost Minnesota in both this election and in [[1980 United States presidential election|1980]], making it the only state he failed to win in either election. The election was the most recent in which the Republican candidate won every state in the [[Northeastern United States|Northeastern]], [[Southern United States|Southern]], and [[Pacific States|Pacific]] regions of the United States, and won at least one county in every state.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.270towin.com/historical-presidential-elections/|title=Historical U.S. Presidential Elections 1789β2016|access-date=October 12, 2018|archive-date=May 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522080905/https://www.270towin.com/historical-presidential-elections/|url-status=live}}</ref> The 525 electoral votes received by Reagan β the most received by a nominee in one election β added to the 489 electoral votes he achieved in [[1980 United States presidential election|1980]], and the 1 electoral vote he received in [[1976 United States presidential election|1976]], gave him the second highest total electoral votes received by any candidate who was elected to the office of president twice (1,015), and the third highest number of electoral votes received by any candidate who was elected to the office of president behind [[Richard Nixon]]'s 1,040 and [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s 1,876 total electoral votes. ===Statistical analysis=== Reagan's landslide victory resulted in him winning 97.6% of electoral votes, behind only Roosevelt's 98.5% in [[1936 United States presidential election|1936]]. However, Reagan's popular vote share was below that of the winners in [[1920 United States presidential election|1920]], [[1936 United States presidential election|1936]], [[1964 United States presidential election|1964]], and [[1972 United States presidential election|1972]]. His margin of victory was also lower than the winners of [[1904 United States presidential election|1904]], [[1920 United States presidential election|1920]], [[1924 United States presidential election|1924]], [[1936 United States presidential election|1936]], [[1964 United States presidential election|1964]], and [[1972 United States presidential election|1972]].{{sfn|Ranney|1985|p=321}} Reagan's percentage in each state rose from 1980, with his best performances occurring in the South and states with large third-party votes. Mondale improved upon Carter's 1980 results in 28 states, but performed worse in 22 states, 15 of which were in the South.{{sfn|Ranney|1985|p=210}} Mondale's national percentage of the popular vote was lower by 0.4% compared to Carter.{{sfn|Ranney|1985|p=204}} The Republicans gained seats in the concurrent U.S. House of Representatives [[1984 United States House of Representatives elections|elections]] and lost two seats in the concurrent U.S. Senate [[1984 United States Senate elections|elections]], but overall control of both chambers remained the same.{{sfn|Ranney|1985|p=1}} Reagan underperformed Republican senatorial candidates in Alaska, Colorado, Kansas, Maine, Minnesota, New Mexico, Oregon, South Carolina, South Dakota, Virginia, and Wyoming. [[Jesse Helms]] and [[Mitch McConnell]] were the only Republican senatorial candidates that could have benefited from the coattails effect.{{sfn|Pomper|1985|pp=117-118}} [[Psephology|Psephologists]] attributed a factor of the Republican victory to "[[Reagan Democrat]]s", millions of Democrats who voted for Reagan, as in 1980. They characterized such Reagan Democrats as southern whites and northern blue-collar workers who voted for Reagan because they credited him with the economic recovery, saw him as strong on national security issues, and perceived the Democrats as supporting the poor and minorities at the expense of the middle class. The [[Democratic National Committee]] commissioned a study after the election that came to these conclusions, but destroyed all copies of the final report, afraid that it would offend the party's key voters.{{r|prendergast1999}} The percentage of Democrats who voted for Reagan ranged from 16 to 26% while Republicans voting for Mondale ranged from 3 to 7% according to exit polls by the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', [[NBC]], [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]/''[[The Washington Post]]'', and [[CBS News]]/''[[The New York Times]]''.{{sfn|Ranney|1985|p=60}} One-third of people who supported Hart during the Democratic primary voted for Reagan.{{sfn|Rosenstone|1985|p=31}} Polling by CBS News and ''The New York Times'' reported that 66% of Anderson voters supported Mondale while 27% supported Reagan and 61% of Carter voters supported Mondale while 25% supported Reagan. 22% of those who did not vote in 1980 supported Reagan while 18% supported Mondale.{{sfn|Ranney|1985|p=211}} Reagan also benefited from a near-total collapse in the third-party vote, which dropped to just 0.67% of the popular vote, its lowest level since [[1964 United States presidential election|1964]], with Bergland's campaign alone counting for over a third of this number, and none of the other third-party candidates exceeding 0.1% of the popular vote. Reagan, who won 63% of white evangelical voters in 1980, received 80% of their votes against Mondale.{{sfn|Ranney|1985|p=231; 234}} As of [[2024 United States presidential election|2024]], this marked the last election where the Republican nominee won [[Hawaii]], [[Massachusetts]], [[New York (state)|New York]], [[Oregon]], [[Rhode Island]], and [[Washington (state)|Washington]]. It was also the last election where the Republican nominee won [[Wisconsin]] until 2016, [[Iowa]] until 2004, [[West Virginia]] until 2000, the last election in which the winning candidate won by a double-digit margin in the percentage of the popular vote, and the last election where the winning candidate won by an eight-digit margin in total popular votes (10 million or more). This is the last time that the tipping point state (in this case, Michigan) was decided by a double-digit margin.<ref name=":0" /> At age 73, Reagan was the oldest U.S. president to win a presidential election. Thirty-six years later, in [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]], this record was surpassed by [[Joe Biden]] at age 77, and [[2024 United States presidential election|four years later]] by [[Donald Trump]] at age 78. ===Electoral results=== {{start U.S. presidential ticket box| pv_footnote=| ev_footnote=}} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[Ronald Reagan]] (incumbent)| party=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]| state=California| pv=54,455,472| pv_pct=58.77%| ev=525| vp_name=[[George H. W. Bush]] (incumbent)| vp_state=[[Texas]]}} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[Walter Mondale]]| party=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]| state=[[Minnesota]]| pv=37,577,352| pv_pct=40.56%| ev=13| vp_name=[[Geraldine Ferraro]]| vp_state=New York}} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[David Bergland]]| party=[[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian]]| state=California | pv=228,111| pv_pct=0.25%| ev=0| vp_name=[[James A. Lewis (politician)|Jim Lewis]]| vp_state=[[Connecticut]] }} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[Lyndon LaRouche]]| party=[[Independent politician|Independent]]| state=[[Virginia]] | pv=78,809| pv_pct=0.09%| ev=0| vp_name=[[Billy Davis (Mississippi politician)|Billy Davis]]| vp_state=[[Mississippi]] }} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[Sonia Johnson]]| party=[[Citizens Party (United States)|Citizens]]| state=[[Idaho]] | pv=72,161| pv_pct=0.08%| ev=0| vp_name=[[Richard J. Walton|Richard Walton]]| vp_state=[[Rhode Island]] }} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[Bob Richards]]| party=[[Populist Party (United States, 1984)|Populist]]| state=[[Texas]] | pv=66,324| pv_pct=0.07%| ev=0| vp_name=[[Maureen Salaman]]| vp_state=California }} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[Dennis L. Serrette]]| party=[[New Alliance Party|New Alliance]]| state=[[New Jersey]] | pv=46,853| pv_pct=0.05%| ev=0| vp_name=Nancy Ross| vp_state=New York }} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[Gus Hall]]| party=[[Communist Party USA|Communist]]| state=New York | pv=36,386| pv_pct=0.04%| ev=0| vp_name=[[Angela Davis]]| vp_state=California }} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[Melvin T. Mason]]| party=[[Socialist Workers Party (United States)|Socialist Workers]]| state=California | pv=24,699| pv_pct=0.03%| ev=0| vp_name=[[Matilde Zimmermann]]| vp_state=New York }} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=Larry Holmes| party=[[Workers World Party|Workers World]]| state=New York | pv=17,985| pv_pct=0.02%| ev=0| vp_name=[[Gloria La Riva]]| vp_state=California }} {{U.S. presidential ticket box other| footnote=| pv=49,181| pv_pct=0.05%}} {{end U.S. presidential ticket box| pv=92,653,233| ev=538| to_win=270}} '''Source for the popular vote:'''<ref>{{Leip PV source 2| year=1984| as of=August 7, 2005}}</ref><br /> '''Source for the electoral vote:'''<ref>{{National Archives EV source| year=1984| as of=August 7, 2005}}</ref> {{bar box |title=Popular vote |titlebar=#ddd |width=600px |barwidth=410px |bars= {{bar percent|'''Reagan'''|{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}|58.77}} {{bar percent|Mondale|{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}|40.56}} {{bar percent|Bergland|{{party color|Libertarian Party (US)}}|0.25}} {{bar percent|Others|#777777|0.42}} }} {{bar box |title=Electoral vote |titlebar=#ddd |width=600px |barwidth=410px |bars= {{bar percent|'''Reagan'''|{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}|97.58}} {{bar percent|Mondale|{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}|2.42}} }} ===Results by state=== '''Sources:'''<ref name="atlas">{{Cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/data.php?year=1984&datatype=national&def=1&f=0&off=0&elect=0|title=1984 Presidential General Election Data β National|access-date=March 17, 2013|archive-date=May 30, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530055755/http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/data.php?year=1984&datatype=national&def=1&f=0&off=0&elect=0|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="MaineDistrict">{{Cite book |last1=Barone |first1=Michael |last2=Ujifusa |first2=Grant |title=The Almanac of American Politics|date=September 1, 1989|publisher=Collier Books |isbn=978-0-89234-044-6}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ Legend |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | colspan="2" | States/districts won by [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]]/[[George H. W. Bush|Bush]] |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | colspan="2" | States/districts won by [[Walter Mondale|Mondale]]/[[Geraldine Ferraro|Ferraro]] |- | β || At-large results (Maine used the Congressional District Method) |} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" |- ! colspan="2" scope="col" | ! colspan="3" scope="col" | Ronald Reagan<br />Republican ! colspan="3" scope="col" | Walter Mondale<br />Democratic ! colspan="3" scope="col" | David Bergland<br />Libertarian ! colspan="2" scope="col" | Margin ! colspan="1" scope="col" | Margin Swing ! colspan="2" scope="col" | State total |- ! State ! scope="col" style="font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number" | electoral<br />votes ! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | # ! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | % ! scope="col" style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number" | electoral<br />votes ! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | # ! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | % ! scope="col" style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number" | electoral<br />votes ! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | # ! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | % ! scope="col" style="font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number" | electoral<br />votes ! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | # ! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | % ! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | % ! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | # ! |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Alabama|Alabama]] | style="text-align:center;" | 9 | 872,849 | 60.54 | 9 | 551,899 | 38.28 | β | 9,504 | 0.66 | β | 320,950 | 22.26 | 20.96 | 1,441,713 | style="text-align:center;" | AL |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Alaska|Alaska]] | style="text-align:center;" | 3 | 138,377 | 66.65 | 3 | 62,007 | 29.87 | β | 6,378 | 3.07 | β | 76,370 | 36.79 | 8.85 | 207,605 | style="text-align:center;" | AK |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Arizona|Arizona]] | style="text-align:center;" | 7 | 681,416 | 66.42 | 7 | 333,854 | 32.54 | β | 10,585 | 1.03 | β | 347,562 | 33.88 | 1.52 | 1,025,897 | style="text-align:center;" | AZ |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Arkansas|Arkansas]] | style="text-align:center;" | 6 | 534,774 | 60.47 | 6 | 338,646 | 38.29 | β | 2,221 | 0.25 | β | 196,128 | 22.18 | 21.57 | 884,406 | style="text-align:center;" | AR |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in California|California]] | style="text-align:center;" | 47 | 5,467,009 | 57.51 | 47 | 3,922,519 | 41.27 | β | 49,951 | 0.53 | β | 1,544,490 | 16.25 | β0.53 | 9,505,423 | style="text-align:center;" | CA |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Colorado|Colorado]] | style="text-align:center;" | 8 | 821,818 | 63.44 | 8 | 454,974 | 35.12 | β | 11,257 | 0.87 | β | 366,844 | 28.32 | 4.32 | 1,295,381 | style="text-align:center;" | CO |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Connecticut|Connecticut]] | style="text-align:center;" | 8 | 890,877 | 60.73 | 8 | 569,597 | 38.83 | β | β | β | β | 321,280 | 21.90 | 12.27 | 1,466,900 | style="text-align:center;" | CT |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Delaware|Delaware]] | style="text-align:center;" | 3 | 152,190 | 59.78 | 3 | 101,656 | 39.93 | β | 268 | 0.11 | β | 50,534 | 19.85 | 17.52 | 254,572 | style="text-align:center;" | DE |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia|D.C.]] | style="text-align:center;" | 3 | 29,009 | 13.73 | β | 180,408 | 85.38 | 3 | 279 | 0.13 | β | β151,399 | β71.66 | β10.17 | 211,288 | style="text-align:center;" | DC |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Florida|Florida]] | style="text-align:center;" | 21 | 2,730,350 | 65.32 | 21 | 1,448,816 | 34.66 | β | 754 | 0.02 | β | 1,281,534 | 30.66 | 13.64 | 4,180,051 | style="text-align:center;" | FL |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Georgia|Georgia]] | style="text-align:center;" | 12 | 1,068,722 | 60.17 | 12 | 706,628 | 39.79 | β | 151 | 0.01 | β | 362,094 | 20.39 | 35.20 | 1,776,093 | style="text-align:center;" | GA |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Hawaii|Hawaii]] | style="text-align:center;" | 4 | 185,050 | 55.10 | 4 | 147,154 | 43.82 | β | 2,167 | 0.65 | β | 37,896 | 11.28 | 13.18 | 335,846 | style="text-align:center;" | HI |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Idaho|Idaho]] | style="text-align:center;" | 4 | 297,523 | 72.36 | 4 | 108,510 | 26.39 | β | 2,823 | 0.69 | β | 189,013 | 45.97 | 4.70 | 411,144 | style="text-align:center;" | ID |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Illinois|Illinois]] | style="text-align:center;" | 24 | 2,707,103 | 56.17 | 24 | 2,086,499 | 43.30 | β | 10,086 | 0.21 | β | 620,604 | 12.88 | 4.95 | 4,819,088 | style="text-align:center;" | IL |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Indiana|Indiana]] | style="text-align:center;" | 12 | 1,377,230 | 61.67 | 12 | 841,481 | 37.68 | β | 6,741 | 0.30 | β | 535,749 | 23.99 | 5.64 | 2,233,069 | style="text-align:center;" | IN |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Iowa|Iowa]] | style="text-align:center;" | 8 | 703,088 | 53.27 | 8 | 605,620 | 45.89 | β | 1,844 | 0.14 | β | 97,468 | 7.39 | β5.31 | 1,319,805 | style="text-align:center;" | IA |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Kansas|Kansas]] | style="text-align:center;" | 7 | 677,296 | 66.27 | 7 | 333,149 | 32.60 | β | 3,329 | 0.33 | β | 344,147 | 33.67 | 9.11 | 1,021,991 | style="text-align:center;" | KS |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Kentucky|Kentucky]] | style="text-align:center;" | 9 | 822,782 | 60.04 | 9 | 539,589 | 39.37 | β | β | β | β | 283,193 | 20.66 | 19.20 | 1,370,461 | style="text-align:center;" | KY |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Louisiana|Louisiana]] | style="text-align:center;" | 10 | 1,037,299 | 60.77 | 10 | 651,586 | 38.18 | β | 1,876 | 0.11 | β | 385,713 | 22.60 | 17.15 | 1,706,822 | style="text-align:center;" | LA |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Maine|Maine β ]] | style="text-align:center;" | 2 | 336,500 | 60.83 | 2 | 214,515 | 38.78 | β | β | β | β | 121,985 | 22.05 | 18.69 | 553,144 | style="text-align:center;" | ME |- {{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[1984 United States presidential election in Maine|''Maine-1'']] | style="text-align:center;" | ''1'' | ''175,472'' | ''59.90'' | ''1'' | ''117,450'' | ''40.10'' | β | β | β | β | ''58,022'' | ''19.81'' | ''16.66'' | ''292,922'' | style="text-align:center;" | ''ME1'' |- {{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[1984 United States presidential election in Maine|''Maine-2'']] | style="text-align:center;" | ''1'' | ''161,028'' | ''62.39'' | ''1'' | ''97,065'' | ''37.61'' | β | β | β | β | ''63,963'' | ''24.78'' | ''21.05'' | ''258,093'' | style="text-align:center;" | ''ME2'' |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Maryland|Maryland]] | style="text-align:center;" | 10 | 879,918 | 52.51 | 10 | 787,935 | 47.02 | β | 5,721 | 0.34 | β | 91,983 | 5.49 | 8.45 | 1,675,873 | style="text-align:center;" | MD |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Massachusetts|Massachusetts]] | style="text-align:center;" | 13 | 1,310,936 | 51.22 | 13 | 1,239,606 | 48.43 | β | β | β | β | 71,330 | 2.79 | 2.64 | 2,559,453 | style="text-align:center;" | MA |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Michigan|Michigan]] | style="text-align:center;" | 20 | 2,251,571 | 59.23 | 20 | 1,529,638 | 40.24 | β | 10,055 | 0.26 | β | 721,933 | 18.99 | 12.50 | 3,801,658 | style="text-align:center;" | MI |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Minnesota|Minnesota]] | style="text-align:center;" | 10 | 1,032,603 | 49.54 | β | 1,036,364 | 49.72 | 10 | 2,996 | 0.14 | β | β3,761 | β0.18 | 3.76 | 2,084,449 | style="text-align:center;" | MN |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Mississippi|Mississippi]] | style="text-align:center;" | 7 | 581,477 | 61.85 | 7 | 352,192 | 37.46 | β | 2,336 | 0.25 | β | 229,285 | 24.39 | 23.07 | 940,192 | style="text-align:center;" | MS |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Missouri|Missouri]] | style="text-align:center;" | 11 | 1,274,188 | 60.02 | 11 | 848,583 | 39.98 | β | β | β | β | 425,605 | 20.05 | 13.24 | 2,122,771 | style="text-align:center;" | MO |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Montana|Montana]] | style="text-align:center;" | 4 | 232,450 | 60.47 | 4 | 146,742 | 38.18 | β | 5,185 | 1.35 | β | 85,708 | 22.30 | β2.09 | 384,377 | style="text-align:center;" | MT |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Nebraska|Nebraska]] | style="text-align:center;" | 5 | 460,054 | 70.55 | 5 | 187,866 | 28.81 | β | 2,079 | 0.32 | β | 272,188 | 41.74 | 2.25 | 652,090 | style="text-align:center;" | NE |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Nevada|Nevada]] | style="text-align:center;" | 4 | 188,770 | 65.85 | 4 | 91,655 | 31.97 | β | 2,292 | 0.80 | β | 97,115 | 33.88 | β2.26 | 286,667 | style="text-align:center;" | NV |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in New Hampshire|New Hampshire]] | style="text-align:center;" | 4 | 267,051 | 68.66 | 4 | 120,395 | 30.95 | β | 735 | 0.19 | β | 146,656 | 37.71 | 8.32 | 388,954 | style="text-align:center;" | NH |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in New Jersey|New Jersey]] | style="text-align:center;" | 16 | 1,933,630 | 60.09 | 16 | 1,261,323 | 39.20 | β | 6,416 | 0.20 | β | 672,307 | 20.89 | 7.47 | 3,217,862 | style="text-align:center;" | NJ |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in New Mexico|New Mexico]] | style="text-align:center;" | 5 | 307,101 | 59.70 | 5 | 201,769 | 39.23 | β | 4,459 | 0.87 | β | 105,332 | 20.48 | 2.30 | 514,370 | style="text-align:center;" | NM |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in New York|New York]] | style="text-align:center;" | 36 | 3,664,763 | 53.84 | 36 | 3,119,609 | 45.83 | β | 11,949 | 0.18 | β | 545,154 | 8.01 | 5.34 | 6,806,810 | style="text-align:center;" | NY |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in North Carolina|North Carolina]] | style="text-align:center;" | 13 | 1,346,481 | 61.90 | 13 | 824,287 | 37.89 | β | 3,794 | 0.17 | β | 522,194 | 24.00 | 21.88 | 2,175,361 | style="text-align:center;" | NC |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in North Dakota|North Dakota]] | style="text-align:center;" | 3 | 200,336 | 64.84 | 3 | 104,429 | 33.80 | β | 703 | 0.23 | β | 95,907 | 31.04 | β6.93 | 308,971 | style="text-align:center;" | ND |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Ohio|Ohio]] | style="text-align:center;" | 23 | 2,678,560 | 58.90 | 23 | 1,825,440 | 40.14 | β | 5,886 | 0.13 | β | 853,120 | 18.76 | 8.16 | 4,547,619 | style="text-align:center;" | OH |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Oklahoma|Oklahoma]] | style="text-align:center;" | 8 | 861,530 | 68.61 | 8 | 385,080 | 30.67 | β | 9,066 | 0.72 | β | 476,450 | 37.94 | 12.41 | 1,255,676 | style="text-align:center;" | OK |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Oregon|Oregon]] | style="text-align:center;" | 7 | 685,700 | 55.91 | 7 | 536,479 | 43.74 | β | β | β | β | 149,221 | 12.17 | 2.51 | 1,226,527 | style="text-align:center;" | OR |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]] | style="text-align:center;" | 25 | 2,584,323 | 53.34 | 25 | 2,228,131 | 45.99 | β | 6,982 | 0.14 | β | 356,192 | 7.35 | 0.24 | 4,844,903 | style="text-align:center;" | PA |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Rhode Island|Rhode Island]] | style="text-align:center;" | 4 | 212,080 | 51.66 | 4 | 197,106 | 48.02 | β | 277 | 0.07 | β | 14,974 | 3.65 | 14.12 | 410,492 | style="text-align:center;" | RI |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in South Carolina|South Carolina]] | style="text-align:center;" | 8 | 615,539 | 63.55 | 8 | 344,470 | 35.57 | β | 4,360 | 0.45 | β | 271,069 | 27.99 | 26.46 | 968,540 | style="text-align:center;" | SC |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in South Dakota|South Dakota]] | style="text-align:center;" | 3 | 200,267 | 63.00 | 3 | 116,113 | 36.53 | β | β | β | β | 84,154 | 26.47 | β2.36 | 317,867 | style="text-align:center;" | SD |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Tennessee|Tennessee]] | style="text-align:center;" | 11 | 990,212 | 57.84 | 11 | 711,714 | 41.57 | β | 3,072 | 0.18 | β | 278,498 | 16.27 | 15.98 | 1,711,993 | style="text-align:center;" | TN |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Texas|Texas]] | style="text-align:center;" | 29 | 3,433,428 | 63.61 | 29 | 1,949,276 | 36.11 | β | β | β | β | 1,484,152 | 27.50 | 13.64 | 5,397,571 | style="text-align:center;" | TX |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Utah|Utah]] | style="text-align:center;" | 5 | 469,105 | 74.50 | 5 | 155,369 | 24.68 | β | 2,447 | 0.39 | β | 313,736 | 49.83 | β2.37 | 629,656 | style="text-align:center;" | UT |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Vermont|Vermont]] | style="text-align:center;" | 3 | 135,865 | 57.92 | 3 | 95,730 | 40.81 | β | 1,002 | 0.43 | β | 40,135 | 17.11 | 11.15 | 234,561 | style="text-align:center;" | VT |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Virginia|Virginia]] | style="text-align:center;" | 12 | 1,337,078 | 62.29 | 12 | 796,250 | 37.09 | β | β | β | β | 540,828 | 25.19 | 12.47 | 2,146,635 | style="text-align:center;" | VA |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Washington (state)|Washington]] | style="text-align:center;" | 10 | 1,051,670 | 55.82 | 10 | 807,352 | 42.86 | β | 8,844 | 0.47 | β | 244,318 | 12.97 | 0.63 | 1,883,910 | style="text-align:center;" | WA |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in West Virginia|West Virginia]] | style="text-align:center;" | 6 | 405,483 | 55.11 | 6 | 328,125 | 44.60 | β | β | β | β | 77,358 | 10.51 | 15.02 | 735,742 | style="text-align:center;" | WV |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Wisconsin|Wisconsin]] | style="text-align:center;" | 11 | 1,198,800 | 54.19 | 11 | 995,847 | 45.02 | β | 4,884 | 0.22 | β | 202,953 | 9.18 | 4.46 | 2,212,016 | style="text-align:center;" | WI |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1984 United States presidential election in Wyoming|Wyoming]] | style="text-align:center;" | 3 | 133,241 | 70.51 | 3 | 53,370 | 28.24 | β | 2,357 | 1.25 | β | 79,871 | 42.27 | 7.60 | 188,968 | style="text-align:center;" | WY |- ! TOTALS: ! 538 ! 54,455,472 ! 58.77 ! 525 ! 37,577,352 ! 40.56 ! 13 ! 228,111 ! 0.25 ! β ! 16,878,120 ! 18.22 ! 92,653,233 | style="text-align:center;" | US |} Maine allowed its electoral votes to be split between candidates. Two electoral votes were awarded to the winner of the statewide race and one electoral vote to the winner of each congressional district. Reagan won all four votes. ====States that flipped from Democratic to Republican==== *[[Georgia (US state)|Georgia]] *[[Hawaii]] *[[Maryland]] *[[Rhode Island]] *[[West Virginia]] ====Close states==== Margin of victory less than 1% (10 electoral votes): # <span style="color:blue;">'''Minnesota, 0.18% (3,761 votes)'''</span> Margin of victory more than 1%, but less than 5% (17 electoral votes):<ref name="adam-carr1984">{{Cite web|url=http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/u/usa/pres/1984.txt|format=TXT|title=POPULAR VOTE AND ELECTORAL COLLEGE VOTE BY STATE|publisher=Psephos.adam-carr.net|access-date=January 18, 2015|archive-date=June 14, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080614082913/http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/u/usa/pres/1984.txt|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="uselectionatlas1984">{{Cite web |url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/data.php?year=1984&def=swg&datatype=national&f=1&off=0&elect=0 |title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections β County Data |publisher=Uselectionatlas.org |access-date=January 16, 2011 |archive-date=June 5, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605021134/http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/data.php?year=1984&def=swg&datatype=national&f=1&off=0&elect=0 |url-status=live }}</ref> # <span style="color:red;">'''Massachusetts, 2.79% (71,330 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Rhode Island, 3.65% (14,974 votes)'''</span> Margin of victory more than 5%, but less than 10% (90 electoral votes):<ref name="adam-carr1984" /><ref name="uselectionatlas1984" /> # <span style="color:red;">'''Maryland, 5.49% (91,983 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Pennsylvania, 7.35% (356,192 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Iowa, 7.38% (97,468 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''New York, 8.01% (545,154 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Wisconsin, 9.17% (202,953 votes)'''</span> Tipping point: # <span style="color:red;">'''Michigan, 18.99% (721,933 votes)'''</span> ===Counties=== <ref name="atlas" /> Counties with highest percent of vote (Republican) # '''<span style="color:red;">[[Madison County, Idaho]] 92.88%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:red;">[[Hansford County, Texas]] 89.38%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:red;">[[Ochiltree County, Texas]] 89.15%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:red;">[[Grant County, Nebraska]] 88.45%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:red;">[[Blaine County, Nebraska]] 88.32%</span>''' Counties with highest percent of vote (Democratic) # '''<span style="color:blue;">Washington, D.C. 85.38%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:blue;">[[Macon County, Alabama]] 82.71%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:blue;">[[Oglala Lakota County, South Dakota|Shannon County, South Dakota]] 81.41%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:blue;">[[Jefferson County, Mississippi]] 77.94%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:blue;">[[Hancock County, Georgia]] 76.61%</span>''' ==Voter demographics== {| class=wikitable |- ! colspan="7" | The 1984 presidential vote by demographic subgroup |- ! Demographic subgroup ! {{party shading/Democratic}}|Mondale ! {{party shading/Republican}}|Reagan ! % of<br />total vote |- | Total vote | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 41 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 59 | style="text-align:right;" | 100 |- ! colspan=4|Ideology |- | [[Moderates]] | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;" | 46 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;" | 54 | style="text-align:right;" | 42 |- | [[Modern liberalism in the United States|Liberals]] | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 71 | style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 29 | style="text-align:right;" | 16 |- | [[Conservatism in the United States|Conservatives]] | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 18 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 82 | style="text-align:right;" | 33 |- ! colspan=4|Party |- | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]] | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 74 | style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 26 | style="text-align:right;" | 38 |- | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]] | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 7 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 93 | style="text-align:right;" | 35 |- | [[Independent (voter)|Independents]] | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 36 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 62 | style="text-align:right;" | 26 |- ! colspan=4|Gender |- | Men | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 38 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 62 | style="text-align:right;" | 47 |- | Women | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 42 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 58 | style="text-align:right;" | 53 |- ! colspan=4|Race |- | [[White American|White]] | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 34 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 66 | style="text-align:right;" | 86 |- | [[African American|Black]] | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 91 | style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 9 | style="text-align:right;" | 10 |- | [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]] | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 66 | style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 34 | style="text-align:right;" | 3 |- ! colspan=4|Age |- | 18β24 years old | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 39 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 61 | style="text-align:right;" | 11 |- | 25β29 years old | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 43 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 57 | style="text-align:right;" | 12 |- | 30β49 years old | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 42 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 58 | style="text-align:right;" | 34 |- | 50β64 years old | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 39 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 61 | style="text-align:right;" | 23 |- | 65 and older | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 36 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 64 | style="text-align:right;" | 19 |- ! colspan=4|Family income |- | Under $12,500 | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 54 | style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 46 | style="text-align:right;" | 15 |- | $12,500β25,000 | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 42 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 58 | style="text-align:right;" | 27 |- | $25,000β35,000 | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 40 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 60 | style="text-align:right;" | 20 |- | $35,000β50,000 | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 32 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 68 | style="text-align:right;" | 17 |- | Over $50,000 | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 31 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 69 | style="text-align:right;" | 12 |- ! colspan=4|Region |- | [[Northeastern United States|East]] | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 46 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 53 | style="text-align:right;" | 26 |- | [[Midwestern United States|Midwest]] | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 39 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 61 | style="text-align:right;" | 30 |- | [[Southern United States|South]] | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 37 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 63 | style="text-align:right;" | 27 |- | [[Western United States|West]] | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 38 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 62 | style="text-align:right;" | 17 |- ! colspan=4|Union households |- | [[Labor unions in the United States|Union]] | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 54 | style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 46 | style="text-align:right;" | 26 |} '''Source:''' [[CBS News]] and ''[[The New York Times]]'' exit poll from the [[Roper Center for Public Opinion Research]] (<small>9,174 surveyed</small>)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://ropercenter.cornell.edu/how-groups-voted-1984|title=How Groups Voted in 1984|website=ropercenter.cornell.edu|access-date=February 1, 2018}}</ref> {| class=wikitable |- ! colspan="7" | The 1984 presidential vote by important political issues{{sfn|Granberg|1987|p=61}} |- ! Important ! {{party shading/Democratic}}|Mondale ! {{party shading/Republican}}|Reagan ! % of<br />checked |- ! colspan=4|Economy |- | Yes | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 25 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 75 | style="text-align:right;" | 40 |- | No | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 53 | style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 47 | style="text-align:right;" | 60 |- ! colspan=4|Arms control |- | Yes | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 65 | style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 35 | style="text-align:right;" | 29 |- | No | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 33 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 67 | style="text-align:right;" | 71 |- ! colspan=4|Defense |- | Yes | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 8 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 92 | style="text-align:right;" | 25 |- | No | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 53 | style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 47 | style="text-align:right;" | 75 |- ! colspan=4|Federal deficit reduction |- | Yes | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 47 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 53 | style="text-align:right;" | 23 |- | No | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 40 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 60 | style="text-align:right;" | 77 |- ! colspan=4|Fairness towards poor |- | Yes | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 82 | style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 18 | style="text-align:right;" | 21 |- | No | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 31 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 69 | style="text-align:right;" | 79 |- ! colspan=4|Abortion |- | Yes | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 27 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 73 | style="text-align:right;" | 7 |- | No | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 43 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 57 | style="text-align:right;" | 93 |- ! colspan=4|Policy towards Central America |- | Yes | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 61 | style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 39 | style="text-align:right;" | 4 |- | No | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 41 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 59 | style="text-align:right;" | 96 |} == Notable expressions and phrases == * [[Where's the beef?]]: A slogan used by [[Wendy's]] to suggest that their competitors have smaller portions of meat in their sandwiches, but used in the Democratic primaries by Mondale to criticize Gary Hart's positions as lacking substance. * [[Morning in America]]: Slogan used by the Reagan campaign. ==See also== *[[1984 United States Senate elections]] *[[1984 United States House of Representatives elections]] *[[1984 United States gubernatorial elections]] *[[History of the United States (1980β1991)]] *[[Second inauguration of Ronald Reagan]] ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Notes== {{Notelist}} ==Works cited== ===Books=== *{{cite book|editor-last=Pomper |editor-first=Marlene |title=The Election of 1984 |publisher=[[Chatham House]] |date=1985 |isbn=093454042X}} *{{cite book|editor-last=Ranney |editor-first=Austin |editor-link=J. Austin Ranney |title=The American Elections of 1984 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |date=1985 |isbn=0-8223-0230-6}} ===Journals=== * {{cite journal|last=Frankovic |first=Kathleen |title=The 1984 Election: The Irrelevance of the Campaign |journal=PS |publisher=[[American Political Science Association]] |date=1985 |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=39β47 |doi=10.2307/418804 |jstor=418804 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/418804}} * {{cite journal|last=Granberg |first=Donald |title=The Abortion Issue in the 1984 Elections |journal=Family Planning Perspectives |publisher=[[Guttmacher Institute]] |date=1987 |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=59β62 |doi=10.2307/2135050 |jstor=2135050 |pmid=3595819 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2135050}} * {{cite journal|last=Pierard |first=Richard |title=Religion and the 1984 Election Campaign |journal=[[Review of Religious Research]] |publisher=[[Religious Research Association]] |date=1985 |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=98β114 |doi=10.2307/3511665 |jstor=3511665 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3511665}} * {{cite journal|last=Rosenstone |first=Steven |title=Explaining the 1984 Presidential Election |journal=The Brookings Review |publisher=[[Brookings Institution]] |date=1985 |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=25β32 |jstor=20079866 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20079866}} ==Further reading== * Boyd, Richard W., Paul R. Mencher, Philip J. Paseltiner, Ezra Paul, Alexander S. Vanda, "The 1984 Election as [[Anthony Downs]] and [[Stanley Kelley]] Might Interpret It", ''Political Behavior'', Vol. 10, No. 3 (Autumn, 1988), pp. 197β213. * Goldman, Peter, et al. ''The quest for the presidency 1984'' (1985) [https://archive.org/details/questforpreside00gold online] * Johnstone, Andrew, and Andrew Priest, eds. ''US Presidential Elections and Foreign Policy: Candidates, Campaigns, and Global Politics from FDR to Bill Clinton'' (2017) pp 271β292. [https://muse.jhu.edu/book/50578/ online] * {{Cite journal |last=Ladd |first=Everett Carll |author-link=Everett Carll Ladd |title=On Mandates, Realignments, and the 1984 Presidential Election |journal=[[Political Science Quarterly]] |year=1985 |volume=100 |issue=1 |pages=1β24 |jstor=2150858 |doi=10.2307/2150858 }} * {{Cite book| last=Leuchtenburg| first=William E.| authorlink=William Leuchtenburg| title=The 1984 Election in Historical Perspective| year=1986 |location=Waco |publisher=Baylor University Press |isbn=0-918954-45-2 }} * {{Cite book| first=Lorenzo| last=Morris| title=The Social and Political Implications of the 1984 Jesse Jackson Presidential Campaign| year=1990 |location=New York |publisher=Praeger |isbn=0-275-92785-7 }} * {{Cite book| editor=Moore, Jonathan |title=Campaign for President: The Managers Look at '84 |year=1986 |location=Dover |publisher=Auburn House |isbn=0-86569-132-0 }} * {{Cite book |editor1-last=Sandoz |editor1-first=E.|editor-link1=Ellis Sandoz |editor2-last=Crabb |editor2-first=C. V. Jr. |title=Election 84: Landslide Without a Mandate? |year=1985 |publisher=New American Library |location=New York |isbn=0-451-62424-6 }} * {{Cite book |first1=Guido H. III |last1=Stempel | authorlink1= Guido Stempel |first2=John W. |last2=Windhauser |title=The Media in the 1984 and 1988 Presidential Campaigns |year=1991 |location=New York |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=0-313-26527-5 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/mediain19841988p0000unse }} == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091026141022/http://geocities.com/Athens/Agora/8088/Dem1984.html The Election Wall's 1984 election video page] * [http://geoelections.free.fr/USA/elec_comtes/1984.htm 1984 popular vote by counties] * [http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/u/usa/pres/1984.txt 1984 popular vote by states] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091026141022/http://geocities.com/Athens/Agora/8088/Dem1984.html 1984 popular vote by states (with bar graphs)] * [http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1984 Campaign commercials from the 1984 election] * {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026141022/http://geocities.com/Athens/Agora/8088/Dem1984.html |date=October 26, 2009 |title=Democratic primaries }} * [http://www.countingthevotes.com/1984/ Election of 1984 in Counting the Votes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222412/http://www.countingthevotes.com/1984/ |date=March 3, 2016 }} {{State results of the 1984 U.S. presidential election}} {{1984 United States presidential election}} {{1984 United States elections}} {{USPresidentialElections}} {{Ronald Reagan}} {{George H. W. Bush}} {{Walter Mondale}} {{Portalbar|1980s|Politics|United States}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:1984 United States presidential election| ]] [[Category:George H. W. Bush]] [[Category:Geraldine Ferraro]] [[Category:Presidency of Ronald Reagan]] [[Category:Ronald Reagan]] [[Category:Walter Mondale]] [[Category:November 1984 in the United States]] [[Category:Articles containing video clips]] [[Category:1984 in women's history]]
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