Jump to content
Main menu
Main menu
move to sidebar
hide
Navigation
Main page
Recent changes
Random page
Help about MediaWiki
Special pages
Niidae Wiki
Search
Search
Appearance
Create account
Log in
Personal tools
Create account
Log in
Pages for logged out editors
learn more
Contributions
Talk
Editing
1980 United States presidential election
Page
Discussion
English
Read
Edit
View history
Tools
Tools
move to sidebar
hide
Actions
Read
Edit
View history
General
What links here
Related changes
Page information
Appearance
move to sidebar
hide
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
{{Short description|none}} {{for|related races|1980 United States elections}} {{Use American English|date=January 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2013}} {{Infobox election | election_name = 1980 United States presidential election | country = United States | type = presidential | ongoing = no | previous_election = 1976 United States presidential election | previous_year = 1976 | election_date = November 4, 1980 | next_election = 1984 United States presidential election | next_year = 1984 | votes_for_election = 538 members of the [[United States Electoral College|Electoral College]] | needed_votes = 270 electoral | turnout = 54.2%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.electproject.org/national-1789-present|title=National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present|work=United States Election Project|publisher=[[CQ Press]]|access-date=February 21, 2023|archive-date=July 25, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725110444/http://www.electproject.org/national-1789-present|url-status=live}}</ref> {{decrease}} 0.9 [[percentage point|pp]] | image_size = x150px <!-- Ronald Reagan -->| image1 = Official Portrait of President Reagan 1981-cropped.jpg | nominee1 = '''[[Ronald Reagan]]''' | party1 = Republican Party (United States) | home_state1 = [[California]] | running_mate1 = '''[[George H. W. Bush]]''' | electoral_vote1 = '''489''' | states_carried1 = '''44''' | popular_vote1 = '''43,899,248''' | percentage1 = '''50.8%''' | image2 = File:Carter cropped.jpg | nominee2 = [[Jimmy Carter]] | party2 = Democratic Party (United States) | home_state2 = [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] | running_mate2 = [[Walter Mondale]] | electoral_vote2 = 49 | states_carried2 = 6 + [[Washington D.C.|DC]] | popular_vote2 = 35,481,436 | percentage2 = {{percent|<!-- CARTER: --> 35,481,436|<!-- TOTAL: --> 86,495,436|1|pad=yes}} <!-- John B. Anderson -->| image3 = File: John B. Anderson in New Jersey (cropped).jpg | nominee3 = [[John B. Anderson]] | party3 = [[Independent (United States)|Independent]]{{efn|In some states labeled as National Unity, Anderson Coalition, Anderson Alternative or "Anderson for President". Was also the nominee of the Liberal Party of New York.}} | home_state3 = [[Illinois]] | running_mate3 = [[Patrick Lucey]] | electoral_vote3 = 0 | states_carried3 = 0 | popular_vote3 = 5,719,850 | percentage3 = {{percent|<!-- ANDERSON: --> 5,719,850|<!-- TOTAL: --> 86,509,678|1|pad=yes}} | map_size = 350px | map = {{1980 United States presidential election imagemap}} | map_caption = Presidential election results map. <span style="color:red;">Red</span> denotes states won by Reagan/Bush and <span style="color:blue;">blue</span> denotes those won by Carter/Mondale. Numbers indicate [[Electoral College (United States)|electoral votes]] cast by each state and the District of Columbia. | title = President | before_election = [[Jimmy Carter]] | before_party = Democratic Party (United States) | after_election = [[Ronald Reagan]] | after_party = Republican Party (United States) | candidate3 = [[John B. Anderson]] }} [[United States presidential election|Presidential elections]] were held in the United States on November 4, 1980. [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nominee, former California governor [[Ronald Reagan]], defeated incumbent [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] President [[Jimmy Carter]] in a [[landslide victory]]. Because of the rise of [[Conservatism in the United States|conservatism]] after Reagan's victory, many historians consider the election a [[political realignment]]. This is the most recent election in which a Democratic president lost reelection. Carter's unpopularity, his poor relations with Democratic leaders, and the poor economic conditions under his administration encouraged an unsuccessful [[1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries|intra-party challenge]] from Massachusetts Senator [[Ted Kennedy]]. Meanwhile, the [[1980 Republican Party presidential primaries|Republican primaries]] were contested between Reagan, former [[Central Intelligence Agency]] director [[George H. W. Bush]], Illinois Representative [[John B. Anderson]], and several other candidates. All of Reagan's opponents had dropped out by the end of the primaries, and the Republicans nominated a ticket consisting of Reagan and Bush. Anderson entered the general election as an [[independent candidate]] with former Wisconsin governor [[Patrick Lucey]] as his running mate. Reagan campaigned for increased defense spending, [[supply-side economic]] policies, and a [[balanced budget]]. His campaign was aided by Democratic dissatisfaction with Carter, the [[Iran hostage crisis]], and a worsening economy marred by [[stagflation]]. Carter attacked Reagan as a dangerous right-wing extremist, and warned that Reagan would cut [[Medicare (United States)|Medicare]] and [[Social Security (United States)|Social Security]]. The Carter campaign was aided early on by the [[rally 'round the flag effect]] from the hostage crisis; as the crisis lasted to election day, it became a detriment.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Callaghan |first1=Karen J. |last2=Virtanen |first2=Simo |date=August 1993 |title=Revised Models of the "Rally Phenomenon": The Case of the Carter Presidency |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.2307/2131999 |journal=The Journal of Politics |language=en |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=756–764 |doi=10.2307/2131999 |jstor=2131999 |issn=0022-3816 |access-date=December 6, 2023 |archive-date=January 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102122002/https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.2307/2131999 |url-status=live }}</ref> Reagan won the election in a landslide with 489 [[United States Electoral College|Electoral College]] votes to Carter's 49, and 50.7% of the popular vote to Carter's 41.0%. Anderson won 6.6% of the popular vote and no electoral votes. This was the second [[1976 United States presidential election|consecutive]] election in which an incumbent president was defeated and the first election since [[1888 United States presidential election|1888]] in which an incumbent Democratic president was defeated. ==Background== {{Further|Foreign policy of the Jimmy Carter administration}} Throughout the 1970s, the United States underwent a wrenching period of [[stagflation]] (low economic growth, high inflation, and interest rates), and [[1970s energy crisis|intermittent energy crises]].<ref name="'70s 292">{{cite book|title=How We Got Here: The '70s|last=Frum|first=David|author-link=David Frum|year=2000|publisher=Basic Books|location=New York, New York|isbn=0-465-04195-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum/page/292 292]|url=https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum/page/292}}</ref> By October 1978, [[Pahlavi Iran|Iran]]—a major oil supplier to the United States at the time—was experiencing a [[Iranian revolution|major uprising]] that severely damaged its oil infrastructure and greatly weakened its capability to produce oil.<ref name=uppafb>{{cite magazine |title=Oil Squeeze |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,946222,00.html |magazine=Time |date=1979-02-05 |access-date=December 18, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307085655/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,946222,00.html |archive-date=7 March 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In January 1979, shortly after Iran's leader [[Shah]] [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] fled the country, Iranian opposition figure [[Ayatollah]] [[Ruhollah Khomeini]] ended his 14-year exile in France and returned to Iran to establish an [[Iran|Islamic Republic]], largely hostile to American interests and influence in the country.<ref name=uppafb /> In the spring and summer of 1979, inflation was on the rise and various parts of the United States were experiencing energy shortages.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/money/retirement-planning/inflation-proofing-6-07/overview/0607_inflation_proofing_ov.htm |title=Inflation-proofing |publisher=ConsumerReports.org |date=2010-02-11 |access-date=December 18, 2013 |archive-date=March 28, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328194412/http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/money/retirement-planning/inflation-proofing-6-07/overview/0607_inflation_proofing_ov.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Carter was widely blamed for the return of the long gas lines in the summer of 1979 that were last seen just after the 1973 [[Yom Kippur War]]. He planned on delivering his fifth major speech on energy, but he felt that the American people were no longer listening. Carter left for the presidential retreat of [[Camp David]]. "For more than a week, a veil of secrecy enveloped the proceedings. Dozens of prominent Democratic Party leaders—[[Member of Congress|members of Congress]], governors, labor leaders, academics and clergy—were summoned to the mountaintop retreat to confer with the beleaguered president." His pollster, [[Pat Caddell]], told him that the American people simply faced a crisis of confidence because of the assassinations of [[John F. Kennedy assassination|John F. Kennedy]], [[Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy|Robert F. Kennedy]] and [[Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.|Martin Luther King Jr.]]; the [[Vietnam War]]; and [[Watergate scandal|Watergate]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/carter-crisis-speech/ |publisher=PBS |work=American Experience |title=Jimmy Carter |access-date=September 17, 2017 |archive-date=October 19, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019101602/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/carter-crisis-speech/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> On July 15, 1979, Carter gave a nationally televised address in which he identified what he believed to be a "crisis of confidence" among the American people. This came to be known as his "[[Malaise speech]]", although Carter never used the word in the speech.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://millercenter.org/scripps/archive/speeches/detail/3402 |title="Crisis of Confidence" Speech (July 15, 1979) |publisher=Miller Center, University of Virginia |format=text and video |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721024329/http://millercenter.org/scripps/archive/speeches/detail/3402 |archive-date=July 21, 2009 |df=mdy-all |date=October 20, 2016}}</ref> Many expected Senator Ted Kennedy to successfully challenge Carter in the upcoming Democratic primary. Kennedy's official announcement was scheduled for early November. A television [[Roger Mudd#Ted Kennedy interview|interview with Roger Mudd]] of CBS a few days before the announcement went badly, however. Kennedy gave an "incoherent and repetitive"<ref name="bg-series-4">{{cite news |url=http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2009/02/18/chapter_4_sailing_into_the_wind/ |title=Chapter 4: Sailing Into the Wind: Losing a quest for the top, finding a new freedom |author=Allis, Sam |newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] |date=2009-02-18 |access-date=March 10, 2009 |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174031/http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2009/02/18/chapter_4_sailing_into_the_wind/ |url-status=live }}</ref> answer to the question of why he was running, and the polls, which showed him leading Carter by 58–25 in August now had him ahead 49–39.<ref>Time Magazine, 11/12/79</ref> Kennedy was also politically scarred by the 1969 [[Chappaquiddick incident]];<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/01/17/686186156/how-ted-kennedys-80-challenge-to-president-carter-broke-the-democratic-party|title=How Ted Kennedy's '80 Challenge To President Carter 'Broke The Democratic Party'|publisher=NPR|date=January 17, 2019|access-date=October 26, 2023|archive-date=March 14, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314233440/https://www.npr.org/2019/01/17/686186156/how-ted-kennedys-80-challenge-to-president-carter-broke-the-democratic-party|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=chappaquiddick21980 /> the controversy had been a major reason for Kennedy's decision to not run for president in 1972 and 1976.<ref name=chappaquiddick21980>{{cite news|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2019/07/chappaquiddick-anniversary-kennedy-kopechne|title="The Kennedy Machine Buried What Really Happened": Revisiting Chappaquiddick, 50 Years Later|first=Josh|last=Sanburn|publisher=Vanity Fair|date=July 17, 2019|access-date=October 26, 2023|archive-date=February 22, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222094911/https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2019/07/chappaquiddick-anniversary-kennedy-kopechne|url-status=live}}</ref> Meanwhile, Carter was given an opportunity for political redemption when the Khomeini regime again gained public attention and allowed the taking of [[Iran hostage crisis|52 American hostages]] by a group of [[Islamism|Islamist]] students and militants at the U.S. embassy in [[Tehran]] on November 4, 1979. Carter's calm approach towards the handling of this crisis resulted in his approval ratings jump in the 60-percent range in some polls, due to a "rally round the flag" effect.<ref>{{cite journal|jstor=174181|title=Foreign Policy and Presidential Popularity: Creating Windows of Opportunity in the Perpetual Election|first1=Robin F.|last1=Marra|first2=Charles W.|last2=Ostrom|first3=Dennis M.|last3=Simon|date=1 January 1990|journal=The Journal of Conflict Resolution|volume=34|issue=4|pages=588–623|doi=10.1177/0022002790034004002|s2cid=154620443}}</ref> By the beginning of the election campaign, the prolonged [[Iran hostage crisis]] had sharpened public perceptions of a national crisis.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2001/01/19/iran/main265499.shtml |title=CBS News | Reagan's Lucky Day |website=CBS News |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021016003953/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2001/01/19/iran/main265499.shtml |archive-date=16 October 2002 |url-status=dead}}</ref> On April 25, 1980, Carter's ability to use the hostage crisis to regain public acceptance eroded when his high risk [[Operation Eagle Claw|attempt to rescue the hostages]] ended in disaster when eight servicemen were killed. The unsuccessful rescue attempt drew further skepticism towards his leadership skills.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.press.umich.edu/pdf/0472108670-03.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.press.umich.edu/pdf/0472108670-03.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |title=Chapter 3 : The Iranian Hostage Rescue Mission |website=Press.umich.edu |access-date=2016-08-18}}</ref> Following the failed rescue attempt, Carter took overwhelming blame for the Iran hostage crisis, in which the followers of the Ayatollah Khomeini burned [[Flag of the United States|American flags]] and chanted anti-American slogans, paraded the captured American hostages in public, and burned Carter in [[effigy]]. Carter's critics saw him as an inept leader who had failed to solve the worsening economic problems at home. His supporters defended the president as a decent, well-intentioned man being unfairly criticized for problems that had been escalating for years.<ref name="christian science">{{cite news |title=A historic victory. A changed nation. Now, can Obama deliver? |author=Jerry Lanson |newspaper=Christian Science Monitor |date=November 6, 2008 |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2008/1106/p09s02-coop.html |access-date=November 5, 2008 |archive-date=May 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501071734/http://www.csmonitor.com/2008/1106/p09s02-coop.html |url-status=live }}</ref> When [[Soviet–Afghan War|the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in late 1979]], Carter seized international leadership in rallying opposition. He cut off American grain sales, which hurt Soviet consumers and annoyed American farmers. In terms of prestige, the Soviets were deeply hurt by the large-scale boycott of their [[1980 Summer Olympics boycott|1980 Summer Olympics]]. Furthermore, Carter began [[Operation Cyclone|secret support of the rebel forces]] in Afghanistan that successfully tied down the Soviet army for a decade. The effect was to end détente and reopen the Cold War.<ref>Gaddis Smith, ''Morality, Reason and Power: American Diplomacy in the Carter Years'' (1986) pp 224–228.</ref><ref>Odd Arne Westad, ed. "The Fall of Détente." in ''Soviet-American Relations during the Carter Years'' (Scandinavian University Press, 1997).</ref> == Nominations == === Republican Party === {{Main|1980 Republican Party presidential primaries}} {{Ronald Reagan series}} {{George H. W. Bush series}} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |- | colspan="2" style="background:#f1f1f1;" |[[File:Republican Disc.svg|65px|center|link=Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party (United States)]]<big>'''1980 Republican Party ticket'''</big> |- ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#E81B23; width:200px;"| [[Ronald Reagan|{{color|white|Ronald Reagan}}]] ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#E81B23; width:200px;"| [[George H. W. Bush|{{color|white|George H. W. Bush}}]] |- style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#ffd0d7;" | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''for President''''' | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''for Vice President''''' |- | [[File:Official Portrait of President Reagan 1981.jpg|center|200x200px]] | [[File:George H. W. Bush vice presidential portrait.jpg|center|197x197px]] |- |[[List of governors of California|33rd]]<br />[[Governor of California]]<br /><small>(1967–1975)</small> |[[Director of Central Intelligence#List of Directors of Central Intelligence|11th]]<br />[[Director of Central Intelligence]]<br /><small>(1976–1977)</small> |- | colspan=2 |[[Ronald Reagan 1980 presidential campaign|'''Campaign''']] |- | colspan=2 |[[File:Reagan Bush Logo 2.svg|center|200x200px]] |- |} ==== Other major candidates ==== The following candidates were frequently interviewed by major broadcast networks and cable news channels, were listed in publicly published national polls, or had held a public office. Reagan received '''7,709,793 votes''' in the primaries. {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%" |- <sup>†</sup> | colspan="5" style="text-align:center; width:1000px; font-size:120%; color:white; background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|''Candidates in this section are sorted by date of withdrawal from the nomination race'' |- ! scope="col" style="width:10em; font-size:120%;"|[[George H. W. Bush]] ! scope="col" style="width:10em; font-size:120%;"|[[John B. Anderson]] ! scope="col" style="width:10em; font-size:120%;"|[[Phil Crane]] ! scope="col" style="width:10em; font-size:120%;"|[[Bob Dole]] |- |[[File:George H. W. Bush official CIA portrait.jpg|center|120x120px]] |[[File:John B. Anderson in New Jersey (cropped).jpg|center|120x120px]] |[[File:Congressman Phil Crane.jpg|center|120x120px]] |[[File:Bob Dole in 1982.jpg|center|126x126px]] |- style="text-align:center" |Former [[Director of Central Intelligence|Director of<br />Central Intelligence]]<br /><small>(1976–1977)</small> |[[United States House of Representatives|Representative]] from<br />[[Illinois|Illinois's]] [[Illinois's 16th congressional district|16th district]]<br /><small>(1961–1981)</small> |[[United States House of Representatives|Representative]] from<br />[[Illinois|Illinois's]] [[Illinois's 12th congressional district|12th district]]<br /><small>(1973–1993)</small> |[[United States Senate|Senator]] from [[Kansas]]<br /><small>(1969–1996)</small> |- style="text-align:center" |[[File:George Bush 1980 alternate poster.png|center|120x120px]] |[[File:John Anderson presidential campaign, 1980 1.png|center|120x120px]] |[[File:Phil Crane presidential campaign, 1980.png|center|120x120px]] |[[File:Bobdole80.gif|center|120x120px]] |- style="text-align:center" |[[George H. W. Bush 1980 presidential campaign|Campaign]] |[[John B. Anderson#1980 presidential campaign|Campaign]] |[[Phil Crane#1980 presidential campaign|Campaign]] |[[Bob Dole#Presidential politics|Campaign]] |- style="text-align:center" |''{{abbr|SC|suspended campaign}}: May 26, 1980''<br />''{{abbr|ER|endorsed Reagan}}: June 14, 1980''<br /><small>'''3,070,033''' votes</small> |''{{abbr|DI|declared independent campaign}}: April 24, 1980''<br /><small>'''1,572,174''' votes</small> |''{{abbr|W|withdrew}}: April 17, 1980''<br />''{{abbr|ER|endorsed Reagan}}: April 17, 1980''<br /><small>'''97,793''' votes</small> |''{{abbr|W|withdrew}}: March 15, 1980''<br />''{{abbr|ER|endorsed Reagan}}: March 30, 1980''<br /><small>'''7,204''' votes</small> |- ! scope="col" style="width:10em; font-size:120%;"|[[John Connally]] ! scope="col" style="width:10em; font-size:120%;"|[[Howard Baker]] ! scope="col" style="width:10em; font-size:120%;"|[[Larry Pressler]] ! scope="col" style="width:10em; font-size:120%;"|[[Lowell P. Weicker Jr.]] |- |[[File:John Connally in 1980 (cropped).jpg|center|120x120px]] |[[File:Senator Howard Baker 1979.jpg|center|120x120px]] |[[File:Larry Pressler.jpg|center|120x120px]] |[[File:Lweicker.jpg|center|120x120px]] |- style="text-align:center" |Former [[United States Secretary of the Treasury|Secretary of<br />the Treasury]] from [[Texas]]<br /><small>(1971–1972)</small> |[[United States Senate|Senator]] from [[Tennessee]]<br /><small>(1967–1985)</small> |[[United States Senate|Senator]] from [[South Dakota]]<br /><small>(1979–1997)</small> |[[United States Senate|Senator]] from [[Connecticut]]<br /><small>(1971–1989)</small> |- style="text-align:center" |[[File:John Connally presidential campaign, 1980.png|center|120x120px]] |[[File:Howard Baker presidential campaign, 1980 (logo).png|center|120x120px]] |[[File:Larry Pressler presidential campaign bumper sticker.jpg|center|120x120px]] | |- style="text-align:center" |[[John Connally#1980 presidential run|Campaign]] |[[Howard_Baker#Presidential_campaign|Campaign]] |[[Larry_Pressler#Senate|Campaign]] |[[Lowell_Weicker#Career_in_Congress|Campaign]] |- style="text-align:center" |''{{abbr|W|withdrew}}: March 9, 1980''<br />''{{abbr|ER|endorsed Reagan}}: March 25, 1980''<br /><small>'''82,625''' votes</small> |''{{abbr|W|withdrew}}: March 5, 1980''<br />''{{abbr|ER|endorsed Reagan}}: April 20, 1980''<br /><small>'''181,153''' votes</small> |''{{abbr|W|withdrew}}: January 8, 1980''<br />''{{abbr|ER|endorsed Reagan}}: March 21, 1980''<br /><small>0 votes</small> |''{{abbr|W|withdrew}}: May 16, 1979''<br /><small>0 votes</small> |} Former governor [[Ronald Reagan]] of [[California]] was the odds-on favorite to win his party's nomination for president after [[Republican Party (United States) presidential primaries, 1976#Republican National Convention|nearly beating]] incumbent President [[Gerald Ford]] just four years earlier. Reagan dominated the primaries early, driving from the field Senate Minority Leader [[Howard Baker]] from Tennessee, former governor [[John Connally]] of Texas, Senator [[Robert Dole]] from Kansas, Representative [[Phil Crane]] from Illinois, and Representative [[John B. Anderson|John Anderson]] from Illinois, who dropped out of the race to run as an Independent. [[George H. W. Bush]] from Texas posed the strongest challenge to Reagan with his victories in the Pennsylvania and Michigan primaries, but it was not enough to turn the tide. Reagan won the nomination on the first round at the [[1980 Republican National Convention]] in [[Detroit|Detroit, Michigan]], in July, then chose Bush (his top rival) as his running mate. Reagan, Bush, and Dole would all go on to be the nominees in the next four elections. (Reagan in [[1984 United States presidential election|1984]], Bush in [[1988 United States presidential election|1988]] and [[1992 United States presidential election|1992]], and Dole in [[1996 United States presidential election|1996]]). === Democratic Party === {{Main|1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries}} {{Jimmy Carter series}} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |- | style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"|[[File:Democratic Disc.svg|65px|center|link=Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party (United States)]]<big>'''1980 Democratic Party ticket'''</big> |- ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#3333FF; width:200px;"| [[Jimmy Carter|{{color|white|Jimmy Carter}}]] ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#3333FF; width:200px;"| [[Walter Mondale|{{color|white|Walter Mondale}}]] |- style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#c8ebff;" | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''for President''''' | style="width:3em; width:200px;"|'''''for Vice President''''' |- | [[File:JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg|center|200x200px]] | [[File:Walter Mondale 1977 vice presidential portrait (cropped).jpg|center|200x200px]] |- | [[List of presidents of the United States|39th]]<br />[[President of the United States]]<br /><small>(1977–1981)</small> | [[List of vice presidents of the United States|42nd]]<br />[[Vice President of the United States]]<br /><small>(1977–1981)</small> |- | colspan=2 |'''[[Jimmy Carter 1980 presidential campaign|Campaign]]''' |- | colspan=2 |[[File:Carter Mondale 1980 logo.svg|center|200x200px]] |- |} ==== Other major candidates ==== The following candidates were frequently interviewed by major broadcast networks, were listed in published national polls, or had held public office. Carter received 10,043,016 votes in the primaries. {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%" |- <sup>†</sup> | colspan="9" style="text-align:center; width:600px; font-size:120%; color:white; background:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};"|''Candidates in this section are sorted by date of withdrawal from the nomination race'' |- ! scope="col" style="width:10em; font-size:120%;"|[[Ted Kennedy]] ! scope="col" style="width:10em; font-size:120%;"|[[Jerry Brown]] |- |[[File:Ted Kennedy 1979.jpg|center|120x120px]] |[[File:Jerry Brown, 1980.jpg|center|120x120px]] |- style="text-align:center" |U.S. Senator<br />from [[Massachusetts]]<br /><small>(1962–2009)</small> |Governor<br />of [[California]]<br /><small>(1975–1983)</small> |- style="text-align:center" |[[File:Ted Kennedy 1980 presidential campaign logo.png|center|120x120px]] |[[File:2012AlsoRans8-1x36.jpg|center|80x80px]] |- style="text-align:center" |[[Ted Kennedy 1980 presidential campaign|Campaign]] |[[Jerry Brown#1980 presidential election|Campaign]] |- style="text-align:center" |''{{abbr|W|withdrew}}: August 11, 1980''<br /><small>'''7,381,693''' votes</small> |''{{abbr|W|withdrew}}: April 2, 1980''<br /><small>'''575,296''' votes</small> |} The three major Democratic candidates in early 1980 were incumbent President [[Jimmy Carter]], Senator [[Ted Kennedy]] of Massachusetts, and Governor [[Jerry Brown]] of California. Brown withdrew on April 2. Carter and Kennedy faced off in 34 primaries. Not counting the [[1968 United States presidential election|1968 election]] in which [[Lyndon Johnson]] withdrew his candidacy, this was the most tumultuous [[Partisan primary|primary race]] that an elected incumbent president had encountered since [[William Howard Taft|President Taft]], during the highly contentious [[1912 United States presidential election|election of 1912]]. During the summer of 1980, there was a short-lived "Draft Muskie" movement; Secretary of State [[Edmund Muskie]] was seen as a favorable alternative to a deadlocked convention. One poll showed that Muskie would be a more popular alternative to Carter than Kennedy, implying that the attraction was not so much to Kennedy as to the fact that he was not Carter. Muskie was polling even with Ronald Reagan at the time, while Carter was seven points behind.<ref>{{cite web |author=Robbins, James S. |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/clinton-campaign-reminiscent-of-1980-race/ |title=Clinton Campaign Reminiscent of 1980 Race |publisher=[[CBS News]] |date=2008-05-13 |access-date=2016-08-18 |archive-date=June 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605020402/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/clinton-campaign-reminiscent-of-1980-race/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Although the underground "Draft Muskie" campaign failed, it became a political legend.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.startribune.com/business/15887132.html |title=Steenland: Odd man out? |website=Star Tribune |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226161048/http://www.startribune.com/business/15887132.html |archive-date=26 February 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> After defeating Kennedy in 24 of 34 primaries, Carter entered the party's [[1980 Democratic National Convention|convention]] in New York in August with 60 percent of the delegates pledged to him on the first ballot. Still, Kennedy refused to drop out. At the convention, after a futile last-ditch attempt by Kennedy to alter the rules to free delegates from their first-ballot pledges, Carter was renominated with 2,129 votes to 1,146 for Kennedy. Vice President [[Walter Mondale]] was also renominated. In his acceptance speech, Carter warned that Reagan's conservatism posed a threat to world peace and progressive social welfare programs from the [[New Deal]] to the [[Great Society]].<ref>William DeGregorio, ''The Complete Book of U.S. Presidents'', Gramercy 1997</ref> === Other candidates === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" | colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |<big>'''1980 Independent ticket'''</big> | colspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Libertarian Party (United States)}};" |<big>'''1980 Libertarian ticket'''</big> |- ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#dddddd; width:200px;" |[[John B. Anderson|{{color|black|John B. Anderson}}]] ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#dddddd; width:200px;" |[[Patrick Lucey|{{color|black|Patrick Lucey}}]] ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:{{party color|Libertarian Party (United States)}};" ; width:200px;" |[[Ed Clark|{{color|black|Ed Clark}}]] ! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:{{party color|Libertarian Party (United States)}};" ; width:200px;" |[[David Koch|{{color|black|David Koch}}]] |- style="color:#000; font-size:100%;" | style="width:3em; width:200px; background:#dddddd;" |'''''for President''''' | style="width:3em; width:200px; background:#dddddd;" |'''''for Vice President''''' | style="width:3em; width:200px; background:{{party color|Libertarian Party (United States)}};" |'''''for President''''' | style="width:3em; width:200px; background:{{party color|Libertarian Party (United States)}};" |'''''for Vice President''''' |- |[[File:John_B._Anderson_in_New_Jersey_(cropped).jpg|center|frameless|200x200px]] |[[File:Ambassador Patrick Lucey (cropped).png|center|frameless|190x190px]] |[[File:Ed Clark (cropped, 3x4).jpg|center|frameless|200x200px]] |[[File:David Koch 1980.jpg|center|frameless|200x200px]] |- |U.S. Representative from [[Illinois]]<br><small>(1961–1981)</small> |Former [[List of ambassadors of the United States to Mexico|U.S. Ambassador to Mexico]]<br><small>(1977–1979)</small> |Former Chair of the<br>[[Libertarian Party of California]]<br><small>(1973–1974)</small> |Co-owner of [[Koch, Inc.]] |- | colspan="2" |[[John B. Anderson#1980 presidential campaign|Campaign]] | colspan="2" |[[Ed_Clark#1980_presidential_campaign|Campaign]] |- | colspan="2" |[[File:John Anderson presidential campaign, 1980 2.png|frameless]] | colspan="2" |[[File:Ed Clark bumper sticker.jpg|frameless]] |} [[John B. Anderson]] was defeated in the Republican primaries, but entered the general election as an independent candidate. He campaigned as a liberal Republican alternative to Reagan's conservatism. Anderson's campaign appealed primarily to frustrated anti-Carter voters from Republican and Democratic backgrounds.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.salon.com/books/history/index.html?story=/politics/war_room/2011/04/04/third_party_myth_easterbrook|title=The myths that just won't die - History - Salon.com|last=Kornacki|first=Steve|date=2011-04-06|website=Salon.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110406213710/http://www.salon.com/books/history/index.html?story=%2Fpolitics%2Fwar_room%2F2011%2F04%2F04%2Fthird_party_myth_easterbrook|archive-date=April 6, 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=2017-02-07|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Anderson's running mate was [[Patrick Lucey]], a Democratic former [[Governor of Wisconsin]] and then ambassador to Mexico, appointed by President Carter. The [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian Party]] nominated [[Ed Clark]] for president and [[David Koch]] for vice president. They were on the ballot in all 50 states as well as Washington, D.C. The Libertarian Party platform was the only political party in 1980 to contain a plank advocating for the [[LGBT rights in the United States|equal rights of homosexual men and women]] as well as the only party platform to advocate explicitly for "amnesty" for all illegal non-citizens.<ref name="presidency.ucsb.edu">{{multiref2|{{cite web | title=Political Party Platforms | website=presidency.ucsb.edu | date=2008-04-16 | url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/platforms.php | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080523221423/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/platforms.php | archive-date=2008-05-23 | url-status=dead }} |{{cite web | title=1980 Libertarian Party Platform - Victimless Crimes | website=lpedia.org | date=2016-05-12 | url=http://www.lpedia.org/1980_Libertarian_Party_Platform#3._Victimless_Crimes | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119182240/http://www.lpedia.org/1980_Libertarian_Party_Platform#3._Victimless_Crimes | archive-date=2016-11-19 | url-status=dead }}}}</ref> The [[Citizens Party (United States)|Citizens Party]] ran [[biologist]] [[Barry Commoner]] for president and [[Comanche]] [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] activist [[LaDonna Harris]] for vice president. The Commoner–Harris ticket was on the ballot in twenty-nine states{{Which|date=April 2024}} and in the [[District of Columbia]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Elections A-Z|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uVVcAgAAQBAJ&q=commoner+harris+ticket&pg=PA73|publisher=Routledge|date=2013-12-16|isbn=9781135938703|first=John|last=Moore}}</ref> ==General election== === Polling aggregation === The following graph depicts the standing of each candidate in the poll aggregators from July 1979 to November 1980. [[File:OpinionPolling1980UnitedStatesPresidentialElection.svg|thumb|800px|center| {{columns-list|colwidth=18em| {{Legend-line|#e81b23 solid 5px|[[Ronald Reagan]]}} {{Legend-line|#3333ff solid 5px|[[Jimmy Carter]]}} {{Legend-line|#ffd700 solid 5px|[[John B. Anderson]]}} }}]] === Polling === {{See also|Nationwide opinion polling for the 1980 United States presidential election}} {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;line-height:17px" |- valign= bottom ! Poll source ! Date(s)<br />administered ! class="unsortable" style="width:100px;"| Ronald<br>Reagan (R) ! class="unsortable" style="width:100px;"| Jimmy<br>Carter (D) ! class="unsortable" style="width:100px;"| John<br>Anderson (I) ! class="unsortable" | Other ! class="unsortable" | Undecided ! Margin |- ! | '''Election Results''' | Nov. 4, 1980 |align="center" {{party shading/Republican}}|'''50.75%''' |align="center" | 41.01% |align="center" | 6.61% |align="center" | 1.63% |align="center" | - | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''9.74''' |- | align="center" | Gallup<ref name="Reagan Leading In Final Poll">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/73899964 | title=Reagan Leading In Final Poll | work=The Pantagraph | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=September 21, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921111242/https://www.newspapers.com/image/73899964 | url-status=live }}</ref> | align="center" | Oct. 30 – Nov. 1, 1980 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''46%''' | align="center" | 43% | align="center" | 7% | align="center" | 1% | align="center" | 3% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''3''' |- | align="center" | CBS-New York Times{{citation needed|date=June 2024}} | align="center" | Oct. 30 – Nov. 1, 1980 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''44%''' | align="center" | 43% | align="center" | 8% | align="center" | - | align="center" | 5% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''1''' |- | align="center" | ABC-Harris{{citation needed|date=June 2024}} | align="center" | Oct. 30 – Nov. 1, 1980 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''45%''' | align="center" | 40% | align="center" | 10% | align="center" | 1% | align="center" | 4% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''5''' |- | align="center" | Newsweek-Gallup<ref name="Polls Say Its Going Down To The Wire"/> | align="center" | October 29–30, 1980 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''44%''' | align="center" | 43% | align="center" | 7% | align="center" | 1% | align="center" | 5% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''4''' |- | align="center" | Washington Post<ref name="Polls Say Its Going Down To The Wire">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/628971036 | title=Polls Say It's Going Down To The Wire | work=The Miami Herald | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 27, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527230900/https://www.newspapers.com/image/628971036 | url-status=live }}</ref> | align="center" | October 26–27, 1980 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''43%''' | align="center" | 39% | align="center" | 7% | align="center" | - | align="center" | 11% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''4''' |- | align="center" | ABC-Harris<ref name="Reagan, Carter In Tight Fight">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/124902873 | title=Reagan, Carter In Tight Fight | work=Florida Today | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528190454/https://www.newspapers.com/image/124902873 | url-status=live }}</ref> | align="center" | October 22–25, 1980 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''45%''' | align="center" | 42% | align="center" | 10% | align="center" | - | align="center" | 3% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''3''' |- | align="center" | Gallup<ref name="This Poll Puts Jimmy, Ron In Dead Heat">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/803642769 | title=This Poll Puts Jimmy, Ron In Dead Heat | work=The Olympian | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 27, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527230859/https://www.newspapers.com/image/803642769 | url-status=live }}</ref> | align="center" | October 17–20, 1980 | align="center" | 40% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''41%''' | align="center" | 10% | align="center" | - | align="center" | 9% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''1''' |- | align="center" | ABC-Harris<ref name="Carter Trims Reagan's Lead By One Point">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/873974448 | title=Poll Reveals 3-Point Slip By Anderson | work=The Buffalo News | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528190456/https://www.newspapers.com/image/873974448 | url-status=live }}</ref> | align="center" | October 14–16, 1980 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''42%''' | align="center" | 39% | align="center" | 12% | align="center" | - | align="center" | 7% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''3''' |- | align="center" | Gallup<ref name="Reagan Holds Narrow Lead; Anderson Dips"/> | align="center" | October 10–12, 1980 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''45%''' | align="center" | 42% | align="center" | 8% | align="center" | - | align="center" | 5% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''3''' |- | align="center" | ABC-Harris<ref name="Poll Reveals 3-Point Slip By Anderson">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/1051563422 | title=Poll Reveals 3-Point Slip By Anderson | work=Tarrytown Daily News | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528190457/https://www.newspapers.com/image/1051563422 | url-status=live }}</ref> | align="center" | October 3–6, 1980 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''43%''' | align="center" | 39% | align="center" | 14% | align="center" | - | align="center" | 4% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''4''' |- | rowspan=2 align="center" | ABC-Harris<ref name="Carter Loses Ground In Poll">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/186033302 | title=Carter Loses Ground In Poll | work=The Times Herald | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=September 21, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921111129/https://www.newspapers.com/image/186033302 | url-status=live }}</ref> | rowspan=2 align="center" | September 22, 1980 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''42%''' | align="center" | 36% | align="center" | 19% | align="center" | - | align="center" | 3% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''6''' |- | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''48%''' | align="center" | 46% | align="center" | - | align="center" | - | align="center" | 6% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''2''' |- | align="center" | Gallup<ref name="Latest Test Still Shows Reagan And Carter In Close Contention"/><ref name="Reagan Holds Narrow Lead; Anderson Dips">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/107626108 | title=Reagan Holds Narrow Lead; Anderson Dips | work=The Knoxville News-Sentinel | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 27, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527222807/https://www.newspapers.com/image/107626108 | url-status=live }}</ref> | align="center" | September 12–15, 1980 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''41%''' | align="center" | 37% | align="center" | 15% | align="center" | - | align="center" | 7% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''4''' |- | align="center" | ABC-Harris<ref name="Carter Nixes 3-Way Campaign Debates">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/186033302 | title=Carter Nixes 3-Way Campaign Debates | work=Philadelphia Daily News}}</ref> | align="center" | September 3–7, 1980 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''41%''' | align="center" | 37% | align="center" | 17% | align="center" | - | align="center" | 5% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''4''' |- | align="center" | Gallup<ref name="Latest Test Still Shows Reagan And Carter In Close Contention">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/107626108 | title=Latest Test Still Shows Reagan And Carter In Close Contention | work=The Indianapolis Star | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 27, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527222807/https://www.newspapers.com/image/107626108 | url-status=live }}</ref> | align="center" | August 15–18, 1980 | align="center" | 38% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''39%''' | align="center" | 13% | align="center" | - | align="center" | 10% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''1''' |- | align="center" | ABC-Harris<ref name="AFL-CIO Balks On Carter Support">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/161566588 | title=AFL-CIO Balks On Carter Support | work=The News Journal | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528182446/https://www.newspapers.com/image/161566588 | url-status=live }}</ref> | align="center" | August 14–18, 1980 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''42%''' | align="center" | 36% | align="center" | 17% | align="center" | - | align="center" | 5% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''6''' |- | rowspan=2 align="center" | Gallup<ref name="Reagan And Carter Run Neck And Neck In Gallup">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/628730997 | title=Reagan And Carter Run Neck And Neck In Gallup | work=The Miami Herald | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 27, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527213126/https://www.newspapers.com/image/628730997 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Carter And Reagan In Dead Heat, According To Gallup Poll">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/129129713 | title=Carter And Reagan In Dead Heat, According To Gallup Poll | work=The Des Moines Register | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 27, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527213124/https://www.newspapers.com/image/129129713 | url-status=live }}</ref> | rowspan=2 align="center" | August 15–17, 1980 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''39%''' | align="center" | 38% | align="center" | 14% | align="center" | 1% | align="center" | 8% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''1''' |- | align="center" | 40% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''46%''' | align="center" | - | align="center" | - | align="center" | 14% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''6''' |- | colspan="10" align="center" | '''August 11–14: Democratic National Convention''' |- | rowspan=2 align="center" | ABC-Harris<ref name="Latest Figures: Reagan 48%, Carter 28%, Anderson 19%">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/1065588592 | title=Latest Figures: Reagan 48%, Carter 28%, Anderson 19% | work=The Plain Dealer | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528180701/https://www.newspapers.com/image/1065588592 | url-status=live }}</ref> | rowspan=2 align="center" | August 5–6, 1980 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''48%''' | align="center" | 28% | align="center" | 19% | align="center" | - | align="center" | 5% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''20''' |- | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''57%''' | align="center" | 36% | align="center" | - | align="center" | - | align="center" | 7% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''21''' |- | align="center" | Gallup<ref name="Gallup Poll: Carter Falters But Still Leads Teddy">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/518942142 | title=Gallup Poll: Carter Falters But Still Leads Teddy | work=The Daily News | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 27, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527125326/https://www.newspapers.com/image/518942142 | url-status=live }}</ref> | align="center" | August 1–3, 1980 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''45%''' | align="center" | 31%{{efn|With Walter Mondale}} | align="center" | 14% | align="center" | - | align="center" | 10% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''14''' |- | rowspan=2 align="center" | ABC-Harris<ref name="Poll: Reagan Leads Carter By 28 Percent">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/149658493 | title=Poll: Reagan Leads Carter By 28 Percent | work=Reno Gazette-Journal | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528173232/https://www.newspapers.com/image/149658493 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Poll Shows Carter Third">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/428525563 | title=Poll Shows Carter Third | work=The Boston Globe | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528173233/https://www.newspapers.com/image/428525563 | url-status=live }}</ref> | rowspan=2 align="center" | July 18–21, 1980 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''49%''' | align="center" | 23% | align="center" | 25% | align="center" | - | align="center" | 3% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''24''' |- | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''61%''' | align="center" | 33% | align="center" | - | align="center" | - | align="center" | 6% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''28''' |- | colspan="10" align="center" | '''July 14–17: Republican National Convention''' |- | align="center" | Gallup<ref name="Reagan-Bush Ticket Leads Dems">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/88789023 | title=Reagan-Bush Ticket Leads Dems | work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 27, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527125320/https://www.newspapers.com/image/88789023 | url-status=live }}</ref> | align="center" | July 11–13, 1980 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''43%'''{{efn|With George Bush}} | align="center" | 34%{{efn|With Walter Mondale}} | align="center" | 16% | align="center" | - | align="center" | 7% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''9''' |- | align="center" | Gallup<ref name="Gallup Poll Has Reagan Maintaining Lead Over Carter">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/351854273 | title=Gallup Poll Has Reagan Maintaining Lead Over Carter | work=Rapid City Journal | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 27, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527123305/https://www.newspapers.com/image/351854273 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Reagan Widens Lead While Anderson Slips">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/965797924 | title=Reagan Widens Lead While Anderson Slips | work=Danville Register and Bee | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 27, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527210848/https://www.newspapers.com/image/965797924 | url-status=live }}</ref> | align="center" | July 11–14, 1980 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''37%''' | align="center" | 34% | align="center" | 21% | align="center" | - | align="center" | 8% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''3''' |- | rowspan=2 align="center" | Gallup<ref name="Reagan Stretches Lead Over President Carter"/><ref name="Reagan Widens Lead While Anderson Slips"/> | rowspan=2 align="center" | June 27–30, 1980 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''37%''' | align="center" | 32% | align="center" | 22% | align="center" | - | align="center" | 9% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''5''' |- | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''47%''' | align="center" | 41% | align="center" | - | align="center" | - | align="center" | 12% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''6''' |- | rowspan=2 align="center" | Gallup<ref name="Reagan Stretches Lead Over President Carter"/><ref name="Reagan Widens Lead While Anderson Slips"/> | rowspan=2 align="center" | June 13–16, 1980 | align="center" | 33% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''35%''' | align="center" | 24% | align="center" | - | align="center" | 8% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''2''' |- | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''45%''' | align="center" | 42% | align="center" | - | align="center" | - | align="center" | 13% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''3''' |- | rowspan=2 align="center" | ABC-Harris<ref name="Three New National Polls Show Reagan Well Ahead">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/399442859/ | title=Three New National Polls Show Reagan Well Ahead | work=The Atlanta Constitution | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528170506/https://www.newspapers.com/image/399442859/ | url-status=live }}</ref> | rowspan=2 align="center" | June 5–9, 1980 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''39%''' | align="center" | 34% | align="center" | 24% | align="center" | - | align="center" | 3% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''5''' |- | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''51%''' | align="center" | 44% | align="center" | - | align="center" | - | align="center" | 5% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''7''' |- | rowspan=2 align="center" | Gallup<ref name="Reagan Stretches Lead Over President Carter">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/612964907 | title=Reagan Stretches Lead Over President Carter | work=The Salt Lake Tribune}}</ref> | rowspan=2 align="center" | May 30 – Jun. 2, 1980 | align="center" | 32% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''39%''' | align="center" | 21% | align="center" | - | align="center" | 8% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''7''' |- | align="center" | 39% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''50%''' | align="center" | - | align="center" | - | align="center" | 11% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''11''' |- | rowspan=2 align="center" | Gallup<ref name="Carter Outpolls Reagan 49% to 41% In Survey"/> | rowspan=2 align="center" | May 16–18, 1980 | align="center" | 32% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''40%''' | align="center" | 21% | align="center" | - | align="center" | 7% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''8''' |- | align="center" | 41% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''49%''' | align="center" | - | align="center" | - | align="center" | 10% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''8''' |- | rowspan=2 align="center" | Gallup<ref name="Carter Outpolls Reagan 49% to 41% In Survey">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/385345061 | title=Carter Outpolls Reagan 49% to 41% In Survey | work=Los Angeles Times | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 27, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527034257/https://www.newspapers.com/image/385345061 | url-status=live }}</ref> | rowspan=2 align="center" | May 2–5, 1980 | align="center" | 33% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''38%''' | align="center" | 21% | align="center" | - | align="center" | 7% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''5''' |- | align="center" | 40% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''47%''' | align="center" | - | align="center" | - | align="center" | 13% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''7''' |- | align="center" | ABC-Harris<ref name="Anderson Starts To Look Like A Possible Winner">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/98551357 | title=Anderson Starts To Look Like A Possible Winner | work=Detroit Free Press | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528170502/https://www.newspapers.com/image/98551357 | url-status=live }}</ref> | align="center" | April 26–30, 1980 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''39%''' | align="center" | 33% | align="center" | 23% | align="center" | - | align="center" | 5% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''6''' |- | rowspan=2 align="center" | Gallup<ref name="Anderson Strongest Among Younger Voters">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/965404960 | title=Anderson Strongest Among Younger Voters | work=The Boston Globe | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 27, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527034256/https://www.newspapers.com/image/965404960 | url-status=live }}</ref> | rowspan=2 align="center" | April 26–27, 1980 | align="center" | 35% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''40%''' | align="center" | 19% | align="center" | - | align="center" | 6% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''5''' |- | align="center" | 43% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''47%''' | align="center" | - | align="center" | - | align="center" | 10% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''4''' |- | align="center" | ABC-Harris<ref name="Reagan Leads Carter">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/1046603486 | title=Reagan Leads Carter | work=Journal and Courier}}</ref> | align="center" | April 25, 1980 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''42%''' | align="center" | 33% | align="center" | 19% | align="center" | - | align="center" | 6% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''9''' |- | rowspan=2 align="center" | Gallup<ref name="Carter's Lead Over Reagan Slipping; Anderson Strong"/> | rowspan=2 align="center" | April 11–13, 1980 | align="center" | 34% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''41%''' | align="center" | 18% | align="center" | 1% | align="center" | 6% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''7''' |- | align="center" | 44% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''49%''' | align="center" | - | align="center" | 1% | align="center" | 6% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''5''' |- | rowspan=2 align="center" | ABC-Harris<ref name="Reagan Tops Voters' List; Carter Dives"/> | rowspan=2 align="center" | April 8, 1980 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''38%''' | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''38%''' | align="center" | 22% | align="center" | - | align="center" | 1% | align="center" | '''Tied''' |- | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''48%''' | align="center" | 45% | align="center" | - | align="center" | - | align="center" | 7% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''3''' |- | rowspan=2 align="center" | Gallup<ref name="Carter's Lead Over Reagan Slipping; Anderson Strong">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/628717795 | title=Carter's Lead Over Reagan Slipping; Anderson Strong | work=The Miami Herald | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 27, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527031401/https://www.newspapers.com/image/628717795 | url-status=live }}</ref> | rowspan=2 align="center" | March 28–30, 1980 | align="center" | 34% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''39%''' | align="center" | 21% | align="center" | 1% | align="center" | 5% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''5''' |- | align="center" | 43% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''48%''' | align="center" | - | align="center" | 2% | align="center" | 7% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''5''' |- | align="center" | ABC-Harris<ref name="Reagan Tops Voters' List; Carter Dives"/> | align="center" | March 26–30, 1980 | align="center" | 47% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''50%''' | align="center" | - | align="center" | - | align="center" | 3% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''3''' |- | align="center" | ABC-Harris<ref name="Reagan Tops Voters' List; Carter Dives">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/255523976 | title=Reagan Tops Voters' List; Carter Dives | work=Press and Sun-Bulletin}}</ref> | align="center" | March 13–15, 1980 | align="center" | 40% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''55%''' | align="center" | - | align="center" | - | align="center" | 5% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''15''' |- | align="center" | ABC-Harris<ref name="Republicans And Independents Pick Ford As Favorite Candidate">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/143606587 | title=Republicans And Independents Pick Ford As Favorite Candidate | work=Asbury Park Press}}</ref> | align="center" | March 5–8, 1980 | align="center" | 40% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''58%''' | align="center" | - | align="center" | - | align="center" | 2% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''18''' |- | align="center" | Gallup<ref name="Reagan Invites Connally Workers To Join His Effort">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/325240462 | title=Reagan Invites Connally Workers To Join His Effort | work=Des Moines Tribune | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 27, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527025716/https://www.newspapers.com/image/325240462 | url-status=live }}</ref> | align="center" | Feb. 29 – Mar. 2, 1980 | align="center" | 34% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''57%''' | align="center" | - | align="center" | 3% | align="center" | 6% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''23''' |- | align="center" | ABC-Harris<ref name="Republicans And Independents Pick Ford As Favorite Candidate"/> | align="center" | Jan. 31 – Feb. 4, 1980 | align="center" | 32% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''64%''' | align="center" | - | align="center" | - | align="center" | 4% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''32''' |- | align="center" | Gallup<ref name="Carter Leads 3 GOP Contenders, But Ted Trails">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/628290780 | title=Carter Leads 3 GOP Contenders, But Ted Trails | work=The Miami Herald | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 27, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527022626/https://www.newspapers.com/image/628290780 | url-status=live }}</ref> | align="center" | February 1–3, 1980 | align="center" | 32% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''59%''' | align="center" | - | align="center" | 3% | align="center" | 6% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''27''' |- | align="center" | ABC-Harris<ref name="Carter Holds Lead Among Candidates">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/145007946 | title=Carter Holds Lead Among Candidates | work=Asbury Park Press | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528153250/https://www.newspapers.com/image/145007946 | url-status=live }}</ref> | align="center" | January 22, 1980 | align="center" | 31% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''65%''' | align="center" | - | align="center" | - | align="center" | 4% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''34''' |- | align="center" | Gallup<ref name="Carter Consolidates Lead Over GOP">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/325233058 | title=Carter Consolidates Lead Over GOP | work=The Tampa Tribune | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 27, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527021000/https://www.newspapers.com/image/325233058 | url-status=live }}</ref> | align="center" | January 4–6, 1980 | align="center" | 32% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''63%''' | align="center" | - | align="center" | 1% | align="center" | 4% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''31''' |- | align="center" | ABC-Harris<ref name="Carter Takes Big Lead Over Reagan In Presidential Race Poll">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/143538507 | title=Carter Takes Big Lead Over Reagan In Presidential Race Poll | work=Asbury Park Press | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528150513/https://www.newspapers.com/image/143538507 | url-status=live }}</ref> | align="center" | December 14–16, 1979 | align="center" | 36% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''59%''' | align="center" | - | align="center" | - | align="center" | 5% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''23''' |- | align="center" | Gallup<ref name="Carter Pushes Ahead As Kennedy Falters In Ford-Reagan Tests">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/628237858 | title=Carter Pushes Ahead As Kennedy Falters In Ford-Reagan Tests | work=The Miami Herald | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 27, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527012759/https://www.newspapers.com/image/628237858 | url-status=live }}</ref> | align="center" | December 7–9, 1979 | align="center" | 36% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''60%''' | align="center" | - | align="center" | 1% | align="center" | 3% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''24''' |- | align="center" | Gallup<ref name="Carter Continues Lead Over GOP">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/335317843 | title=Carter Continues Lead Over GOP | work=The Tampa Tribune}}</ref> | align="center" | November 16–19, 1979 | align="center" | 41% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''53%''' | align="center" | - | align="center" | 1% | align="center" | 5% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''12''' |- | align="center" | ABC-Harris<ref name="Reagan Takes Big Lead In GOP Race">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/144219110 | title=Reagan Takes Big Lead In GOP Race | work=Asbury Park Press | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528145709/https://www.newspapers.com/image/144219110 | url-status=live }}</ref> | align="center" | November 7–10, 1979 | align="center" | 42% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''53%''' | align="center" | - | align="center" | - | align="center" | 5% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''11''' |- | align="center" | Gallup<ref name="President, Reagan In Dead Heat"/> | align="center" | October 12–15, 1979 | align="center" | 42% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''48%''' | align="center" | - | align="center" | 3% | align="center" | 7% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''6''' |- | align="center" | ABC-Harris<ref name="Reagan's Standing Suffers Sharp Drop In Presidential Poll">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/144586078 | title=Reagan's Standing Suffers Sharp Drop In Presidential Poll | work=Asbury Park Press | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528143942/https://www.newspapers.com/image/144586078 | url-status=live }}</ref> | align="center" | Sep. 26 – Oct. 1, 1979 | align="center" | 45% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''52%''' | align="center" | - | align="center" | - | align="center" | 3% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''7''' |- | align="center" | Gallup<ref name="President, Reagan In Dead Heat">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/628225800 | title=President, Reagan In Dead Heat | work=The Miami Herald | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 27, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527002240/https://www.newspapers.com/image/628225800 | url-status=live }}</ref> | align="center" | September 7–10, 1979 | align="center" | 46% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''47%''' | align="center" | - | align="center" | 2% | align="center" | 5% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''1''' |- | align="center" | ABC-Harris<ref name="Reagan Keeps Lead Over Carter In Presidential Choice Poll">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/144100454 | title=Reagan Keeps Lead Over Carter In Presidential Choice Poll | work=Asbury Park Press | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528143247/https://www.newspapers.com/image/144100454 | url-status=live }}</ref> | align="center" | September 1–5, 1979 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''50%''' | align="center" | 45% | align="center" | - | align="center" | - | align="center" | 5% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''5''' |- | align="center" | Gallup<ref name="Carter Gaining Ground">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/351779118 | title=Carter Gaining Ground | work=Rapid City Journal | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 26, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526235326/https://www.newspapers.com/image/351779118 | url-status=live }}</ref> | align="center" | August 3–6, 1979 | align="center" | 42% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''47%''' | align="center" | - | align="center" | 4% | align="center" | 7% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''5''' |- | align="center" | ABC-Harris<ref name="Carter Trailing Reagan, Baker">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/191090602 | title=Carter Trailing Reagan, Baker | work=The Minneapolis Star | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528141602/https://www.newspapers.com/image/191090602 | url-status=live }}</ref> | align="center" | July 28–29, 1979 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''51%''' | align="center" | 44% | align="center" | - | align="center" | - | align="center" | 5% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''7''' |- | align="center" | Gallup<ref name="Poll Shows Kennedy Stronger Than Carter Against GOP's Top 4">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/602399108 | title=Poll Shows Kennedy Stronger Than Carter Against GOP's Top 4 | work=The Shreveport Journal | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 26, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526233436/https://www.newspapers.com/image/602399108 | url-status=live }}</ref> | align="center" | July 13–15, 1979 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''52%''' | align="center" | 42% | align="center" | - | align="center" | 2% | align="center" | 4% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''10''' |- | align="center" | Gallup{{full citation needed|date=May 2024}} | align="center" | June 22–25, 1979 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''49%''' | align="center" | 45% | align="center" | - | align="center" | 1% | align="center" | 5% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''4''' |- | align="center" | ABC-Harris<ref name="Reagan Leads Carter 51-43%">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/220787304 | title=Reagan Leads Carter 51-43% | work=The Times | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528053152/https://www.newspapers.com/image/220787304 | url-status=live }}</ref> | align="center" | June, 1979 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''51%''' | align="center" | 43% | align="center" | - | align="center" | - | align="center" | 6% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''8''' |- | align="center" | ABC-Harris<ref name="Reagan Cuts Deeper Into Carter's Lead">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/190984428 | title=Reagan Cuts Deeper Into Carter's Lead | work=The Minneapolis Star | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528053150/https://www.newspapers.com/image/190984428 | url-status=live }}</ref> | align="center" | May, 1979 | align="center" | 45% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''47%''' | align="center" | - | align="center" | - | align="center" | 8% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''2''' |- | align="center" | ABC-Harris<ref name="Reagan Trails Carter, Kennedy">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/209258899 | title=Reagan Trails Carter, Kennedy | work=Lansing State Journal}}</ref> | align="center" | March, 1979 | align="center" | 46% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''49%''' | align="center" | - | align="center" | - | align="center" | 5% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''3''' |- | align="center" | Gallup<ref name="Carter Leads, Edge Narrows">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/964544995 | title=Carter Leads, Edge Narrows | work=Danville Register and Bee | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 26, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526165855/https://www.newspapers.com/image/964544995 | url-status=live }}</ref> | align="center" | March 23–26, 1979 | align="center" | 38% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''52%''' | align="center" | - | align="center" | 3% | align="center" | 7% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''14''' |- | align="center" | ABC-Harris<ref name="Carter Routs Reagan In Election Poll">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/144038489 | title=Carter Routs Reagan In Election Poll | work=Asbury Park Press | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528040712/https://www.newspapers.com/image/144038489 | url-status=live }}</ref> | align="center" | December 21–26, 1978 | align="center" | 38% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''55%''' | align="center" | - | align="center" | - | align="center" | 7% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''17''' |- | align="center" | Gallup<ref name="Jimmy Carter Leading Ford And Reagan">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/964283432 | title=Jimmy Carter Leading Ford And Reagan | work=Danville Register and Bee | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 26, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526160621/https://www.newspapers.com/image/964283432 | url-status=live }}</ref> | align="center" | December 8–11, 1978 | align="center" | 35% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''57%''' | align="center" | - | align="center" | 2% | align="center" | 5% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''22''' |- | align="center" | Gallup<ref name="Kennedy Stronger Than Carter Against GOP">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/351850922 | title=Kennedy Stronger Than Carter Against GOP | work=Rapid City Journal | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 26, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526154211/https://www.newspapers.com/image/351850922 | url-status=live }}</ref> | align="center" | July 7–10, 1978 | align="center" | 43% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''52%''' | align="center" | - | align="center" | 1% | align="center" | 4% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''9''' |- | align="center" | ABC-Harris<ref name="Ford Leads Carter For 1980, Poll Says">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/677446948 | title=Ford Leads Carter For 1980, Poll Says | work=The Kansas City Times | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528043441/https://www.newspapers.com/image/677446948 | url-status=live }}</ref> | align="center" | May 14–20,{{efn|Date is approximate}} 1978 | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''47%''' | align="center" | 46% | align="center" | - | align="center" | - | align="center" | 7% | {{party shading/Republican}} align="center" | '''1''' |- | align="center" | Gallup<ref name="President Would Beat Ford, Reagan">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/334905281 | title=President Would Beat Ford, Reagan | work=The Tampa Tribune | access-date=May 28, 2024 | archive-date=May 25, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525183252/https://www.newspapers.com/image/334905281 | url-status=live }}</ref> | align="center" | Mar. 31 – Apr. 3, 1978 | align="center" | 46% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''50%''' | align="center" | - | align="center" | 1% | align="center" | 3% | {{party shading/Democratic}} align="center" | '''4''' |- |} ===Campaign=== Reagan gained in former Democratic strongholds such as the South and white ethnics dubbed "[[Reagan Democrat]]s",<ref>Julio Borquez, "Partisan Appraisals of Party Defectors: Looking Back at the Reagan Democrats." ''American Review of Politics'' 26 (2005): 323-346 [https://journals.shareok.org/arp/article/view/368/345 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921111231/https://journals.shareok.org/arp/article/view/368/345 |date=September 21, 2024 }}.</ref> and exuded upbeat optimism.<ref name="strategy campaigning">{{cite book |title=The Strategy of Campaigning |author1=Skinner |author2=Kudelia |author3=Mesquita |author4=Rice |publisher=University of Michigan Press |year=2007 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F0dCiDh4fMsC |access-date=October 20, 2008 |isbn=978-0-472-11627-0 |archive-date=September 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921111129/https://books.google.com/books?id=F0dCiDh4fMsC |url-status=live }}</ref> [[David Frum]] says Carter ran an attack-based campaign based on "despair and pessimism" which "cost him the election."<ref name="'70s 161">{{cite book|title=How We Got Here: The '70s|last=Frum|first=David|author-link=David Frum|year=2000|publisher=Basic Books|location=New York, New York|isbn=0-465-04195-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum/page/161 161]|url=https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum/page/161}}</ref> Carter emphasized his record as a peacemaker, and said Reagan's election would threaten [[civil rights]] and social programs that stretched back to the [[New Deal]]. Reagan's platform also emphasized the importance of peace, as well as a prepared self-defense.<ref name="strategy campaigning" /> Immediately after the conclusion of the primaries,{{date?}} a [[Gallup poll]] held that Reagan was ahead, with 58% of voters upset by Carter's handling of the presidency.<ref name="strategy campaigning" /> One analysis of the election has suggested that "Both Carter and Reagan were perceived negatively by a majority of the electorate."<ref>Wayne, Stephen J. (1984). ''The Road to the White House'' (2nd ed.), p. 210. New York: St. Martin's Press. {{ISBN|0-312-68526-2}}.</ref> While the three leading candidates (Reagan, Anderson and Carter) were religious Christians, Carter had the most support of evangelical Christians according to a Gallup poll.<ref name="strategy campaigning" /> However, in the end, [[Jerry Falwell]]'s [[Moral Majority]] lobbying group is credited with giving Reagan two-thirds of the white evangelical vote.<ref name="worldscollide">{{cite news |title=When worlds collide: politics, religion, and media at the 1970 East Tennessee Billy Graham Crusade. (appearance by President Richard M. Nixon) |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-19592304.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517015119/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-19592304.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 17, 2011|publisher=Journal of Church and State |date=March 22, 1997 |access-date=August 18, 2007}}</ref> According to Carter: "that autumn [1980] a group headed by Jerry Falwell purchased $10 million in commercials on southern radio and TV to brand me as a traitor to the South and no longer a Christian."<ref>{{Cite book |page=469 |last=Carter |first=Jimmy |title=White House Diary |year=2010 |publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux |location=New York, NY}}</ref> The election of 1980 was a key turning point in American politics. It signaled the new electoral power of the [[suburb]]s and the [[Sun Belt]]. Reagan's success as a [[Conservatism in the United States|conservative]] would initiate a realigning of the parties, as [[Rockefeller Republican|Rockefeller-style Republicans]] and [[Reagan Democrat|conservative Democrats]] would either leave politics or change party affiliations through the 1980s and 1990s to leave the parties much more ideologically polarized.<ref name="christian science" /> While during [[Barry Goldwater]]'s [[1964 United States presidential election|1964 campaign]], many voters saw his warnings about a too-powerful government as hyperbolic and only 30% of the electorate agreed that government was too powerful, by 1980 a majority of Americans believed that government held too much power.<ref name="'70s 283">{{cite book|title=How We Got Here: The '70s|last=Frum|first=David|author-link=David Frum|year=2000|publisher=Basic Books|location=New York, New York|isbn=0-465-04195-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum/page/283 283]|url=https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum/page/283}}</ref> ====Promises==== Reagan promised a restoration of the nation's military strength, at the same time 60% of Americans polled felt defense spending was too low.<ref name="'70s 344">{{cite book|title=How We Got Here: The '70s|last=Frum|first=David|author-link=David Frum|year=2000|publisher=Basic Books|location=New York, New York|isbn=0-465-04195-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum/page/344 344]|url=https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum/page/344}}</ref> Reagan also promised an end to "trust me government" and to restore economic health by implementing a [[supply-side economics|supply-side economic]] policy. Reagan promised a [[balanced budget]] within three years (which he said would be "the beginning of the end of inflation"), accompanied by a 30% reduction in tax rates over those same years. With respect to the economy, Reagan famously said, "A recession is when your neighbor loses his job. A depression is when you lose yours. And recovery is when Jimmy Carter loses his."<ref name="strategy campaigning" /> Reagan also criticized the "[[windfall profit tax]]" that Carter and Congress enacted that year in regards to domestic oil production and promised to attempt to repeal it as president.<ref name="tax history">{{cite web |last=Thorndike |first=Joseph J. |title=Historical Perspective: The Windfall Profit Tax -- Career of a Concept |work=TaxHistory.org |date=November 10, 2005 |url=http://www.taxhistory.org/thp/readings.nsf/cf7c9c870b600b9585256df80075b9dd/edf8de04e58e4b14852570ba0048848b |access-date=November 6, 2008 |archive-date=November 26, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126011759/http://www.taxhistory.org/thp/readings.nsf/cf7c9c870b600b9585256df80075b9dd/edf8de04e58e4b14852570ba0048848b |url-status=live }}</ref> The tax was not a tax on profits, but on the difference between the [[price controls|price control]]-mandated price and the market price.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33305_20060309.pdf |title=The Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax of the 1980s: Implications for Current Energy Policy |access-date=January 12, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211074013/http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33305_20060309.pdf |archive-date=February 11, 2012}}, CRS Report RL33305, "The Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax of the 1980s: Implications for Current Energy Policy," by Salvatore Lazzari, p. 5.</ref> On the issue of [[Women's rights in the United States|women's rights]] there was much division, with many feminists frustrated with Carter, the only major-party candidate who supported the [[Equal Rights Amendment]]. After a bitter Convention fight between Republican feminists and antifeminists the Republican Party dropped their forty-year endorsement of the ERA.<ref>{{cite web |last=Melich |first=Tanya |url=http://www.womensenews.org/article.cfm/dyn/aid/2379/context/archive |title=O'Connor's Tenure Began One Hot Summer |publisher=Women's eNews |date=July 18, 2005 |access-date=May 28, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090817044630/http://www.womensenews.org/article.cfm/dyn/aid/2379/context/archive |archive-date=August 17, 2009 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Reagan, however, announced his dedication to women's rights and his intention to, if elected, appoint women to his cabinet and the first female justice to the [[United States Supreme Court|Supreme Court]].<ref name="presidential leadership">{{cite book |title=Presidential Leadership |author1=James Taranto |author2=Leonard Leo |publisher=Wall Street Journal Books |year=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/presidentiallead00tara |url-access=registration |access-date=October 20, 2008 |isbn=978-0-7432-7226-1}}</ref> He also pledged to work with all 50 state governors to combat discrimination against women and to equalize federal laws as an alternative to the ERA.<ref name="strategy campaigning" /> Reagan was convinced to give an endorsement of women's rights in his nomination acceptance speech. Carter was criticized by his own aides for not having a "grand plan" for the recovery of the economy, nor did he ever make any campaign promises; he often criticized Reagan's economic recovery plan, but did not create one of his own in response.<ref name="strategy campaigning" /> ====Events==== [[File:Reagan 1980 campaign.jpg|thumb|Ronald Reagan campaigning with his wife Nancy and Senator [[Strom Thurmond]] in Columbia, South Carolina, October 10, 1980]] [[File:Ronald Reagan campaigning in Florida (8102550796).jpg|thumb|right|[[Ronald Reagan]] campaigning in Florida]] In August, after the [[1980 Republican National Convention|Republican National Convention]], Ronald Reagan gave a campaign speech at the annual [[Neshoba County, Mississippi|Neshoba County]] Fair on the outskirts of [[Philadelphia, Mississippi]], where three civil rights workers were [[Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner|murdered in 1964]]. He was the first presidential candidate ever to campaign at the fair.<ref>Kornacki, Steve (February 3, 2011) [http://www.salon.com/news/politics/war_room/2011/02/03/reagan_southern_strategy/index.html The "Southern Strategy," fulfilled] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110413151441/http://www.salon.com/news/politics/war_room/2011/02/03/reagan_southern_strategy/index.html |date=April 13, 2011}}, ''Salon.com''</ref> Reagan famously announced, "Programs like education and others should be turned back to the states and local communities with the tax sources to fund them. I believe in [[states' rights]]. I believe in people doing as much as they can at the community level and the private level."<ref name="strategy campaigning"/> Reagan also stated, "I believe we have distorted the balance of our government today by giving powers that were never intended to be given in the [[United States Constitution|Constitution]] to that federal establishment." He went on to promise to "restore to states and local governments the power that properly belongs to them."<ref>{{cite news |first=Douglas E. |last=Kneeland |title=Reagan Campaigns at Mississippi Fair; Nominee Tells Crowd of 10,000 He Is Backing States' Rights |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1980/08/04/archives/reagan-campaigns-at-mississippi-fair-nominee-tells-crowd-of-10000.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 4, 1980 |page=A11 |access-date=July 23, 2018 |archive-date=July 9, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709065418/https://www.nytimes.com/1980/08/04/archives/reagan-campaigns-at-mississippi-fair-nominee-tells-crowd-of-10000.html |url-status=live }}</ref> President Carter criticized Reagan for injecting "hate and racism" by the "rebirth of [[states' rights#States' rights as code word|code words like 'states' rights']]".<ref>{{YouTube|RpHZdreWz3E|'The Made-for-TV Election with Martin Sheen' clip 14}}</ref> [[File:Ronald Reagan Shaking Hands with Supporters on a Campaign Stop in Indiana.jpg|thumb|right|[[Ronald Reagan]] shaking hands with supporters at a campaign stop in Indiana]] Two days later, Reagan appeared at the [[Urban League]] convention in New York, where he said, "I am committed to the protection and enforcement of the civil rights of black Americans. This commitment is interwoven into every phase of the plans I will propose."<ref name="strategy campaigning" /> He then said that he would develop "[[Urban Enterprise Zone|enterprise zones]]" to help with urban renewal.<ref name="strategy campaigning" /> The media's main criticism of Reagan centered on his gaffes. When Carter kicked off his general election campaign in [[Tuscumbia, Alabama|Tuscumbia]], Reagan—referring to the Southern U.S. as a whole—claimed that Carter had begun his campaign in the birthplace of the [[Ku Klux Klan]]. In doing so, Reagan seemed to insinuate that the KKK represented the South, which caused many Southern governors to denounce Reagan's remarks.<ref>''White House Diary'', by Jimmy Carter, pp 461–462.</ref> Additionally, Reagan was widely ridiculed by Democrats for saying that trees caused pollution; he later said that he meant only certain types of pollution and his remarks had been misquoted.<ref name="cbs news">{{cite news |title=Here We Go Again! |first=Andrew |last=Bridges |work=CBS News |date=March 17, 2003 |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/03/17/tech/main544188.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031003195921/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/03/17/tech/main544188.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 3, 2003 |access-date=October 20, 2008}}</ref> Meanwhile, Carter was burdened by a continued weak economy and the [[Iran hostage crisis]].<ref name="'70s 344" /> Inflation, high interest rates, and unemployment continued through the course of the campaign, and the ongoing hostage crisis in Iran became, according to [[David Frum]] in ''How We Got Here: The '70s'', a symbol of American impotence during the Carter years.<ref name="'70s 344" /> John Anderson's independent candidacy, aimed at eliciting support from liberals, especially former supporters of [[Ted Kennedy]], was also seen as hurting Carter more than Reagan,<ref name="strategy campaigning" /> especially in reliably Democratic states such as Massachusetts and New York. ===Presidential debates=== {{Main|1980 United States presidential debates}} {| class="wikitable" |+ Debates among candidates for the 1980 U.S. presidential election !No. !Date !Host !Location !Panelists !Moderator !Participants !Viewership<br />(millions) |- |P1 |Sunday, September 21, 1980 |[[Baltimore Convention Center]] |[[Baltimore]], [[Maryland]] |[[Carol Loomis]]<br />[[Daniel S. Greenberg|Daniel Greenberg]]<br />Charles Corddry<br />Lee May<br />[[Jane Bryant Quinn]]<br />Soma Golden |[[Bill Moyers]] |[[Ronald Reagan|Former Governor Ronald Reagan]]<br />[[John B. Anderson|Congressman John Anderson]] |n/a |- |P1a |Tuesday, October 28, 1980 |[[Public Auditorium]] |[[Cleveland]], [[Ohio]] |Marvin Stone<br />Harry Ellis<br />[[William A. Hilliard|William Hilliard]]<br />[[Barbara Walters]] |[[Howard K. Smith]] |[[Ronald Reagan|Former Governor Ronald Reagan]]<br />[[Jimmy Carter|President Jimmy Carter]] |80.6<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.debates.org/index.php?page=1980-debates|title=CPD: 1980 Debates|website=www.debates.org|access-date=2019-01-08|archive-date=January 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190108145500/https://www.debates.org/index.php?page=1980-debates|url-status=live}}</ref> |} {{external media | width = 210px | float = right | video1 = {{YouTube|_8YxFc_1b_0|Reagan-Carter presidential debate, October 28, 1980}} }} The [[League of Women Voters]], which had sponsored the 1976 Ford/Carter debate series, announced that it would do so again for the next cycle in the spring of 1979. Carter steadfastly refused to participate in a debate if Anderson was included, and Reagan refused to debate without him. A League-sponsored debate was held on September 21, 1980, in the [[Baltimore Convention Center]]. Of Carter's refusal to debate, Reagan said: "He [Carter] knows that he couldn't win a debate even if it were held in the [[White House Rose Garden|Rose Garden]] before an audience of Administration officials with the questions being asked by [[Jody Powell]]".<ref name="Reagan on Carter in Baltimore 478">{{cite book |title=Rendezvous with Destiny: Ronald Reagan and the Campaign That Changed America|last=Shirley|first=Craig|author-link=Craig Shirley|year=2009|publisher=ISI Books|location=Wilmington, Delaware|isbn=978-1-933859-55-2|page=478}}</ref> Anderson, who many thought would handily dispatch Reagan, managed only a narrow win, according to many in the media at that time, with Reagan putting up a much stronger performance than expected. Despite the narrow win in the debate, Anderson, who had been as high as 20% in some polls, and at the time of the debate was over 10%, dropped to about 5% soon after. Anderson failed to substantively engage Reagan enough on their social issue differences and on Reagan's advocation of supply-side economics. Instead, Anderson started off by criticizing Carter: "Governor Reagan is not responsible for what has happened over the last four years, nor am I. The man who should be here tonight to respond to those charges chose not to attend," to which Reagan added: "It's a shame now that there are only two of us here debating, because the two that are here are in more agreement than disagreement."<ref name="Reagan Anderson Debate 479">{{cite book |title=Rendezvous with Destiny: Ronald Reagan and the Campaign That Changed America|last=Shirley|first=Craig|author-link=Craig Shirley|year=2009|publisher=ISI Books|location=Wilmington, Delaware |isbn=978-1-933859-55-2 |page=479}}</ref> In one moment in the debate, Reagan commented on a rumor that Anderson had invited Senator [[Ted Kennedy]] to be his running mate by asking the candidate directly, "John, would you really prefer Teddy Kennedy to me?"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://conversationswithbillkristol.org/video/fred-barnes/ |title=Fred Barnes on Conversations with Bill Kristol |website=Conversationswithbillkristol.org |access-date=2016-08-18 |archive-date=October 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020162346/http://conversationswithbillkristol.org/video/fred-barnes/ |url-status=live }}</ref> As September turned into October, the situation remained essentially the same. Reagan insisted Anderson be allowed to participate in a three-way debate, while Carter remained steadfastly opposed to this. As the standoff continued, the second debate was canceled, as was the vice presidential debate. [[File:Carter Reagan Debate 10-28-80.png|thumb|President Carter ''(left)'' and former Governor Reagan ''(right)'' at the presidential debate on October 28, 1980]] With two weeks to go to the election, the Reagan campaign decided at that point that the best thing to do was to accede to all of President Carter's demands. The final debate, featuring only Carter and Reagan, was rescheduled for October 28 in [[Cleveland]], [[Ohio]]. The showdown ranked among the highest ratings of any [[television]] program in the previous decade. Debate topics included the Iranian hostage crisis and nuclear arms. Carter's campaign sought to portray Reagan as a reckless "war hawk", as well as a "dangerous right-wing radical". But it was President Carter's reference to his consultation with 12-year-old daughter [[Amy Carter|Amy]] concerning nuclear weapons policy that became the focus of post-debate analysis and fodder for late-night television [[joke]]s. President Carter said he had asked Amy what the most important issue in that election was and she said, "the control of [[nuclear arms]]." A famous political cartoon, published the day after Reagan's landslide victory, showed Amy Carter sitting in Jimmy's lap with her shoulders shrugged asking "the economy? the hostage crisis?"{{citation needed|date=July 2023}} When President Carter criticized Reagan's record, which included voting against [[Medicare (United States)|Medicare]] and [[Social Security (United States)|Social Security]] benefits, former Governor Reagan audibly sighed and replied: "[[There you go again]]".<ref name="pbs debate">{{cite web |title=The Second 1980 Presidential Debate |publisher=PBS |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/debatingourdestiny/80debates/cart1.html |access-date=October 20, 2008 |archive-date=September 22, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080922233925/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/debatingourdestiny/80debates/cart1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> In his closing remarks, Reagan asked viewers: "Are you better off now than you were four years ago? Is it easier for you to go and buy things in the stores than it was four years ago? Is there more or less unemployment in the country than there was four years ago? Is America as respected throughout the world as it was? Do you feel that our security is as safe, that we're as strong as we were four years ago? And if you answer all of those questions 'yes', why then, I think your choice is very obvious as to whom you will vote for. If you don't agree, if you don't think that this course that we've been on for the last four years is what you would like to see us follow for the next four, then I could suggest another choice that you have".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/archives/speech/1980-ronald-reagan-and-jimmy-carter-presidential-debate|title=1980 Ronald Reagan and Jimmy Carter Presidential Debate|website=Ronald Reagan|access-date=August 6, 2023|archive-date=July 22, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722040804/https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/archives/speech/1980-ronald-reagan-and-jimmy-carter-presidential-debate|url-status=live}}</ref> After trailing Carter by eight points among registered voters (and by three points among likely voters) right before their debate, Reagan moved into a three-point lead among likely voters immediately afterward.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/111451/late-upsets-rare-happened.aspx|title=Late Upsets Are Rare, but Have Happened|last=Saad|first=Lydia|date=October 27, 2008|access-date=2016-08-25|archive-date=August 26, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826040529/http://www.gallup.com/poll/111451/late-upsets-rare-happened.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Endorsements=== In September 1980, former [[Watergate scandal]] prosecutor [[Leon Jaworski]] accepted a position as honorary chairman of [[Reagan Democrat|Democrats for Reagan]].<ref name="'70s 344"/> Five months earlier, Jaworski had harshly criticized Reagan as an "extremist"; he said after accepting the chairmanship, "I would rather have a competent extremist than an incompetent moderate."<ref name="'70s 344"/> Former Democratic Senator [[Eugene McCarthy]] of Minnesota (who in [[1968 United States presidential election|1968]] had challenged [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] from the left, causing the then-President to all but abdicate) endorsed Reagan.<ref name="MacNeil-Lehrer">MacNeil-Lehrer NewsHour (December 12, 2005). [https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/remember/july-dec05/mccarthy_12-12.html Online NewsHour: "Remembering Sen. Eugene McCarthy"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060218074245/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/remember/july-dec05/mccarthy_12-12.html |date=February 18, 2006 }}. December 12, 2005. [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]].</ref> Three days before the election, the [[National Rifle Association of America]] endorsed a presidential candidate for the first time in its history, backing Reagan.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Matthew Lacombe |title=Trump is at the NRA today. It didn't used to be a Republican ally. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/26/how-nra-became-core-member-republican-coalition/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=9 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426125637/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/26/how-nra-became-core-member-republican-coalition/ |archive-date=April 26, 2019 |language=English |date=April 26, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Reagan had received the California Rifle and Pistol Association's Outstanding Public Service Award. Carter had appointed [[Abner J. Mikva]], a fervent proponent of [[gun control]], to a federal judgeship and had supported the Alaska Lands Bill, closing {{convert|40000000|acre|km2}} to hunting.<ref>Facts on File 1980 Yearbook, p.844</ref> ==== General election endorsements ==== {{hidden begin|titlestyle=background:#cff|title=List of John B. Anderson endorsements|contentstyle=border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white;}} Anderson had received endorsements from: ;Former officeholders * Former [[United States House of Representatives|Representative]] ([[Arizona's 2nd congressional district]]) and [[United States Secretary of the Interior|Interior Secretary]] [[Stewart Udall]] (D-AZ)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Meissner |first=Steve |date=July 19, 1980 |title=Stewart Udall calls Carter weak, endorses Anderson |pages=2 |work=Arizona Daily Star |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/163783305/?terms=%22Stewart%20Udall%22%20John%20Anderson%20endorse%20endorses&match=1 |access-date=June 15, 2022 |archive-date=June 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615223513/https://www.newspapers.com/image/163783305/?terms=%22Stewart%20Udall%22%20John%20Anderson%20endorse%20endorses&match=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> ;Current and former state and local officials and party officeholders :'''Massachusetts''' * [[Middlesex County Sheriff's Office|Middlesex County Sheriff]] [[John J. Buckley (sheriff)|John J. Buckley]] (D-MA)<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 18, 1980 |title=Some Bay State GOP uneasy over G. Bush |pages=3 |work=North Adams Transcript |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/544925654/?terms=%22John%20J.%20Buckley%22%20John%20B.%20Anderson%20endorse%20endorses&match=1 |access-date=June 16, 2022 |archive-date=June 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616154221/https://www.newspapers.com/image/544925654/?terms=%22John%20J.%20Buckley%22%20John%20B.%20Anderson%20endorse%20endorses&match=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> * Former [[Massachusetts House of Representatives|Massachusetts State Representative]] [[Francis W. Hatch Jr.]] (R-MA)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Taylor |first=Benjamin |date=June 12, 1980 |title=Hatch breaks ranks, backs Anderson |pages=7 |work=The Boston Globe |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/428232105/?terms=Francis%20W.%20Hatch%20John%20B.%20Anderson%20endorse%20endorses&match=1 |access-date=June 16, 2022 |archive-date=June 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616154223/https://www.newspapers.com/image/428232105/?terms=Francis%20W.%20Hatch%20John%20B.%20Anderson%20endorse%20endorses&match=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> * Former [[Massachusetts Republican Party]] chairman [[Josiah Spaulding]] (R-MA)<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 27, 1983 |title=Josiah Spaulding Dies at 60; Massachusetts G.O.P. Leader |pages=40 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/27/obituaries/josiah-spaulding-dies-at-60-massachusetts-gop-leader.html |access-date=June 16, 2022 |archive-date=June 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616154223/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/27/obituaries/josiah-spaulding-dies-at-60-massachusetts-gop-leader.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ;Celebrities, political activists, and political commentators * Band [[The Cars]]<ref name="post">{{cite news |title=Politics and Hollywood |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1980/03/09/politics-and-hollywood/586384d1-c5ef-45d5-a794-6005cd2705bd/|date=8 March 1980}}</ref> * Actor [[Stockard Channing]]<ref name="post"/> * Band [[Cheap Trick]]<ref name="post"/> * Screenwriter [[Norman Lear]]<ref name="post"/> * Actress [[Dina Merrill]]<ref name="post"/> * Actor [[Paul Newman]]<ref name="post"/> * Actor [[Cliff Robertson]]<ref name="post"/> * Band [[Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers]]<ref name="post"/> * Actress [[Joanne Woodward]]<ref name="post"/> ;Newspapers * ''[[The Hutchinson News]]'' in [[Hutchinson, Kansas]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 10, 1980 |title=Independent presidential candidate John Anderson will receive editorial endorsement |work=[[United Press International]] |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1980/10/10/Independent-presidential-candidate-John-Anderson-will-receive-editorial-endorsement/4782339998400/ |access-date=June 15, 2022}}</ref> * ''[[The Burlington Free Press]]'' in [[Burlington, VT]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 26, 1980 |title=Anderson Offers Intelligent Solutions to Problems |pages=10 |work=[[The Burlington Free Press]] |url=https://burlingtonfreepress.newspapers.com/image/200067471/?terms=john%20b.%20anderson%20editorial%20board&match=1 |access-date=June 15, 2022 |archive-date=August 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817191531/https://burlingtonfreepress.newspapers.com/image/200067471/?terms=john%20b.%20anderson%20editorial%20board&match=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> {{hidden end}} {{hidden begin|titlestyle=background:#cff|title=List of Jimmy Carter endorsements|contentstyle=border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white;}} Carter had received endorsements from: ;Newspapers * ''[[The Des Moines Register]]'' in [[Des Moines, Iowa]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 3, 2016 |title=25 photos: Register presidential endorsements (1912-2012) |url=https://eu.desmoinesregister.com/picture-gallery/news/politics/2015/06/03/25-photos-register-presidential-endorsements-1912-2012/28434019/ |access-date=June 15, 2022 |website=The Des Moines Register |archive-date=September 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921111233/https://www.desmoinesregister.com/picture-gallery/news/politics/2015/06/03/25-photos-register-presidential-endorsements-1912-2012/28434019/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * The ''[[Penn State University|Penn State]] Daily Collegian'' in [[State College, Pennsylvania]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 4, 1980 |title=Election '80 Endorsements |pages=2 |work=The Daily Collegian |url=https://panewsarchive.psu.edu/lccn/sn85054904/1980-11-04/ed-1/seq-2/ |access-date=June 15, 2022 |archive-date=August 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816170801/https://panewsarchive.psu.edu/lccn/sn85054904/1980-11-04/ed-1/seq-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> {{hidden end}} {{hidden begin|titlestyle=background:#cff|title=List of Barry Commoner endorsements|contentstyle=border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white;}} Commoner had received endorsements from: ;Celebrities, political activists, and political commentators * [[Montgomery County, Pennsylvania|Montgomery County]] precinct committeeman and Consumer Party [[Pennsylvania Auditor General|Auditor General]] candidate Darcy Richardson (D-PA)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gemma |first=Peter B. |date=August 5, 2016 |title=An Interview with Darcy Richardson, Reform Party Presidential Candidate. |url=http://independentpoliticalreport.com/2016/08/an-interview-with-darcy-richardson-reform-party-presidential-candidate/ |access-date=June 15, 2022 |website=Independent Political Report |archive-date=June 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625061421/http://independentpoliticalreport.com/2016/08/an-interview-with-darcy-richardson-reform-party-presidential-candidate/ |url-status=live }}</ref> {{hidden end}} {{hidden begin|titlestyle=background:#cff|title=List of Clifton DeBerry endorsements|contentstyle=border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white;}} DeBerry had received endorsements from: ;Celebrities, political activists and political commentators * American People's Historical Society director [[Bernie Sanders]] of [[Vermont]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 12, 1990 |title=Socialist Vows to Be Capitol Outsider |pages=9 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/12/us/socialist-vows-to-be-capitol-outsider.html |access-date=June 15, 2022 |archive-date=June 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615202836/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/12/us/socialist-vows-to-be-capitol-outsider.html |url-status=live }}</ref> {{hidden end}} {{hidden begin|titlestyle=background:#cff|title=List of Ronald Reagan endorsements|contentstyle=border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white;}} Reagan had received endorsements from: ;United States Senate * [[List of United States senators from Arizona|Arizona Senator]] [[Dennis DeConcini]] (D-AZ)<ref>{{Cite book |last1=DeConcini |first1=Dennis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPAAc-ossjAC&q=Senator+Dennis+DeConcini |title=Senator Dennis DeConcini: From the Center of the Aisle |last2=August |first2=Jack L. Jr. |publisher=[[University of Arizona Press]] |year=2006 |isbn=9780816525690 |pages=83 |quote=I viewed his leadership and administration with no small amount of frustration and concern, and in 1980 I crossed party lines and voted for Ronald Reagan for president. |access-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-date=August 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821002234/https://books.google.com/books?id=TPAAc-ossjAC&q=Senator+Dennis+DeConcini |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[List of United States senators from Virginia|Virginia Senator]] [[Harry Byrd Jr.]] (D-VA)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Frankel |first=Glenn |date=October 15, 1980 |title=Sen. Harry Byrd Endorses Reagan |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/10/15/sen-harry-byrd-endorses-reagan/6bd21c82-3ef7-49c7-b4b1-411f88fe425c/ |access-date=June 16, 2022 |newspaper=The Washington Post |archive-date=August 28, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828154009/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/10/15/sen-harry-byrd-endorses-reagan/6bd21c82-3ef7-49c7-b4b1-411f88fe425c/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[List of United States senators from New York|New York Senator]] [[Jacob Javits]] (R-NY)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/09/24/why-carter-is-wooing-javits/65ddb1ee-9589-4639-8e9c-bacd5fca1973/ |title=Why Carter Is Wooing Javits|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=September 24, 1980 }}</ref> * [[List of United States senators from Maryland|Maryland Senator]] [[Charles Mathias]] (R-MD)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/09/15/mac-mathias-agonistes/91e76242-5361-4865-b865-341f1c27cbec/ |title=Mac Mathias Agonistes |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 14, 1980 |access-date=April 6, 2024 |archive-date=August 28, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828155646/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/09/15/mac-mathias-agonistes/91e76242-5361-4865-b865-341f1c27cbec/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * Former [[List of United States senators from Massachusetts|Massachusetts Senator]] [[Edward Brooke]] (R-MA)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1980/10/26/archives/reagan-preparing-for-debate.html |title=Reagan Preparing for Debate|website=[[The New York Times]] | date=October 26, 1980 }}</ref> * Former [[List of United States senators from Minnesota|Minnesota Senator]] [[Eugene McCarthy]] (D-MN)<ref name="MacNeil-Lehrer"/> ;United States House of Representatives * [[United States House of Representatives|Representative]] ([[California's 12th congressional district]]) [[Pete McCloskey]] (R-CA)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/09/26/mccloskey-buries-the-hatchet-by-endorsing-reagan/65911bc2-4c8a-41d0-aa87-628ff78f72c0/ |title=McCloskey Buries the Hatchet by Endorsing Reagan|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | date=September 26, 1980 }}</ref> * Former [[United States House of Representatives|Representative]] ([[California's 26th congressional district]]) [[James Roosevelt]] (D-CA; son of [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]])<ref>{{Cite news |date=1980-10-27 |title=FDR son gives Reagan backing |pages=27 |work=Lodi News-Sentinel |agency=UPI |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KBczAAAAIBAJ&sjid=WjIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=4659,7154351&dq=james-roosevelt+ronald-reagan&hl=en |access-date=June 16, 2022 |archive-date=June 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616161104/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KBczAAAAIBAJ&sjid=WjIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=4659,7154351&dq=james-roosevelt+ronald-reagan&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref> ;Governors and State Constitutional officers * Former [[Governor of Georgia|Georgia Governor]] [[Lester Maddox]] (D-GA)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Daniel |first=Leon |date=October 24, 1980 |title=Nobody Listens To Maddox Anymore, Who Relishes Chance To Rap Carter |pages=5 |work=Sarasota Herald-Tribune |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=lJwcAAAAIBAJ&sjid=2mcEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6797,4141131&dq=lester+maddox+endorsement&hl=en |access-date=June 15, 2022 |archive-date=June 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615194211/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=lJwcAAAAIBAJ&sjid=2mcEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6797,4141131&dq=lester+maddox+endorsement&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref> * Former [[Governor of Alabama|Alabama Governor]] [[John Malcolm Patterson]] (D-AL)<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 29, 1980 |title=GOP leaders, Demo ex-governor back Selden |pages=6 |work=Birmingham Post-Herald |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/794766735/?terms=John%20Patterson%20endorse%20endorses%20Ronald%20Reagan&match=1 |access-date=June 15, 2022 |archive-date=June 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615194700/https://www.newspapers.com/image/794766735/?terms=John%20Patterson%20endorse%20endorses%20Ronald%20Reagan&match=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> * Former [[Governor of Texas|Texas Governor]] [[Preston Smith (governor)|Preston Smith]] (D-TX)<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 28, 1980 |title=Last Minute Blitz |pages=4 |work=Abilene Reporter-News |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/763277616/?terms=%22Preston%20Smith%22%20%22Ronald%20Reagan%22%20endorse%20endorses&match=1 |access-date=June 16, 2022 |archive-date=June 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616154223/https://www.newspapers.com/image/763277616/?terms=%22Preston%20Smith%22%20%22Ronald%20Reagan%22%20endorse%20endorses&match=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> * Former [[Governor of Mississippi|Mississippi Governor]] [[John Bell Williams]] (D-MS)<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 3, 1980 |title=Republicans turnout to hear Reagan |pages=9 |work=Sun Herald |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/743423334/?terms=%22John%20Bell%20Williams%22%20endorse%20endorses%20Ronald%20Reagan&match=1 |access-date=June 15, 2022 |archive-date=June 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615195445/https://www.newspapers.com/image/743423334/?terms=%22John%20Bell%20Williams%22%20endorse%20endorses%20Ronald%20Reagan&match=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> ;Current and former state and local officials and party officeholders :'''Florida''' * [[Fort Lauderdale, Florida|Fort Lauderdale]] City Advisory Board member [[Jim Naugle]] (D-FL)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Norman |first=Bob |date=October 26, 2000 |title=Politically Incorrect |url=http://www.browardpalmbeach.com/news/politically-incorrect-6324763 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121015339/http://www.browardpalmbeach.com/news/politically-incorrect-6324763 |archive-date=January 21, 2016 |website=New Times Broward-Palm Beach}}</ref> :'''New York''' * Former [[New York State Senate|New York State Senator]] [[Jeremiah B. Bloom]] (D-NY)<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 5, 1980 |title=Bloom Agrees to Head Democrats for Reagan |pages=16 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1980/08/05/archives/bloom-agrees-to-head-democrats-for-reagan.html |access-date=June 15, 2022 |archive-date=June 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615224715/https://www.nytimes.com/1980/08/05/archives/bloom-agrees-to-head-democrats-for-reagan.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ;Celebrities, political activists and political commentators * Former [[UCLA Bruins men's basketball|UCLA men's basketball head coach]] [[John Wooden]]<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Davis |first=Seth |date=2009-08-24 |title=Checking in on John Wooden |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2009/writers/seth_davis/08/24/john.wooden/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827193402/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2009/writers/seth_davis/08/24/john.wooden/index.html |archive-date=2009-08-27 |access-date=2022-06-16 |magazine=Sports Illustrated}}</ref> * Retired [[United States Navy]] [[Admiral (United States)|Admiral]] [[Elmo Zumwalt]] (D-VA)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Boodman |first=Sandra G. |date=October 13, 1980 |title=Zumwalt Dismays Va. Democrats With Z-Grams for Reagan |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1980/10/13/zumwalt-dismays-va-democrats-with-z-grams-for-reagan/942df155-a9bb-4e31-91dc-05e3ff881f76/ |access-date=June 16, 2022 |newspaper=The Washington Post |archive-date=August 28, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828155428/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1980/10/13/zumwalt-dismays-va-democrats-with-z-grams-for-reagan/942df155-a9bb-4e31-91dc-05e3ff881f76/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ;Newspaper endorsements * ''[[The Arizona Republic]]'' in [[Phoenix, Arizona]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 27, 2016 |title=Coming Tuesday: Who will The Arizona Republic endorse? |url=https://eu.azcentral.com/story/opinion/editorial/2016/09/26/presidential-endorsement-preview/90904896/ |access-date=June 15, 2022 |website=The Arizona Republic |archive-date=August 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817015459/https://eu.azcentral.com/story/opinion/editorial/2016/09/26/presidential-endorsement-preview/90904896/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * ''[[The Desert Sun]]'' in [[Palm Springs, California]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-09-30 |title=Through the years: Desert Sun presidential endorsements |url=https://eu.desertsun.com/picture-gallery/news/2016/09/29/through-the-years-desert-sun-presidential-endorsements/91300646/ |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=Desert Sun}}</ref> * The ''[[Omaha World-Herald]]'' in [[Omaha, Nebraska]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=World-Herald editorial |date=October 16, 2019 |title=Editorial: Hillary Clinton is prudent pick for president |work=[[Omaha World-Herald]] |url=https://omaha.com/opinion/editorial-hillary-clinton-is-prudent-pick-for-president/article_94a58d80-9341-11e6-a7e8-cf8bfd4f296a.html |access-date=June 15, 2022 |archive-date=April 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220429035513/https://omaha.com/opinion/editorial-hillary-clinton-is-prudent-pick-for-president/article_94a58d80-9341-11e6-a7e8-cf8bfd4f296a.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * The ''[[Quad-City Times]]'' in [[Davenport, Iowa]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 25, 2008 |title=A history of Times presidential endorsements |url=https://qctimes.com/news/opinion/editorial/a-history-of-times-presidential-endorsements/article_e0a998f0-e69d-5681-bd30-51dce8d44bc6.html |access-date=June 15, 2022 |website=Quad-City Times |archive-date=June 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615201141/https://qctimes.com/news/opinion/editorial/a-history-of-times-presidential-endorsements/article_e0a998f0-e69d-5681-bd30-51dce8d44bc6.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * ''[[The Record (Stockton, California)|The Record]]'' in [[Stockton, California]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-10-08 |title=Record Endorsements, President: Clinton best for country |url=http://www.recordnet.com/opinion/20161008/record-endorsements-president-clinton-best-for-country |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=Recordnet |archive-date=July 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730192617/https://www.recordnet.com/opinion/20161008/record-endorsements-president-clinton-best-for-country |url-status=live }}</ref> * ''[[The Repository]]'' in [[Canton, Ohio]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Gary |date=October 11, 2016 |title=Repository presidential endorsements through history |url=https://eu.cantonrep.com/story/news/politics/elections/presidential/2016/10/11/repository-presidential-endorsements-through-history/24839102007/ |access-date=June 16, 2022 |website=The Repository}}</ref> * ''[[The Plain Dealer]]'' in [[Cleveland, Ohio]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 20, 2012 |title=Plain Dealer presidential endorsements: Every pick we made since 1936 |url=https://www.cleveland.com/opinion/2012/10/plain_dealer_presidential_endo.html |access-date=June 16, 2022 |website=Plain Dealer |archive-date=May 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525083938/https://www.cleveland.com/opinion/2012/10/plain_dealer_presidential_endo.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * ''[[The Blade (Toledo, Ohio)|The Blade]]'' in [[Toledo, Ohio]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 3, 1980 |title=Ronald Reagan got most of the new newspaper endorsements,... |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1980/11/03/Ronald-Reagan-got-most-of-the-new-newspaper-endorsements/6748342075600/ |access-date=June 16, 2022 |website=UPI |archive-date=October 12, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012102135/http://www.upi.com/Archives/1980/11/03/Ronald-Reagan-got-most-of-the-new-newspaper-endorsements/6748342075600/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * ''[[Houston Chronicle]]'' in [[Houston, Texas]]<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Dunham |first1=Richard |date=October 19, 2008 |title=A half-century of Chronicle endorsements: 11 R, 2 D |url=https://blog.chron.com/txpotomac/2008/10/a-half-century-of-chronicle-endorsements-11-r-2-d/ |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=Texas on the Potomac |language=en-US |archive-date=June 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608114603/https://blog.chron.com/txpotomac/2008/10/a-half-century-of-chronicle-endorsements-11-r-2-d/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * ''[[Richmond Times-Dispatch]]'' in [[Richmond, Virginia]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 1, 2016 |title=A brief history of Richmond Times-Dispatch presidential endorsements |url=https://richmond.com/opinion/our-opinion/article_e8b7da3b-9981-5ca1-9b63-d4ee072c1dc2.html |access-date=June 16, 2022 |website=Richmond Times-Dispatch |archive-date=May 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527080225/https://richmond.com/opinion/our-opinion/article_e8b7da3b-9981-5ca1-9b63-d4ee072c1dc2.html |url-status=live }}</ref> {{hidden end}} ===Results=== The election was held on November 4, 1980.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=feST4K8J0scC&dat=19801104&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|title=Voters the choice is yours|date=4 November 1980|work=St. Petersburg Times|access-date=January 16, 2014|archive-date=September 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920171304/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=feST4K8J0scC&dat=19801104&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> Ronald Reagan and running mate [[George H. W. Bush]] defeated the Carter-Mondale ticket by almost 10 percentage points in the popular vote. The electoral college vote was a landslide, with 489 votes (representing 44 states) for Reagan and 49 for Carter (representing six states and Washington, D.C.). [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]] also gained control of the Senate for the first time since 1954.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=gL9scSG3K_gC&dat=19801105&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|title=Reagan in a landslide|date=5 November 1980|work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|access-date=January 16, 2014|archive-date=September 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920151642/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=gL9scSG3K_gC&dat=19801105&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> [[NBC News]] projected Reagan as the winner at 8:15 pm EST (5:15 PST), before voting was finished in the West, based on [[exit polls]]; it was the first time a broadcast network used exit polling to project a winner, and it took the other broadcast networks by surprise. Carter conceded defeat at 9:50 pm EST.<ref>Facts on File Yearbook 1980 p. 865</ref><ref>Facts on File Yearbook 1980 p. 838</ref> Some of Carter's advisors urged him to wait until 11:00 pm EST to allow poll results from the West Coast to come in, but Carter decided to concede earlier in order to avoid the impression that he was sulking. [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker of the House]] [[Tip O'Neill]] angrily accused Carter of weakening the party's performance in the [[1980 United States Senate elections|Senate elections]] by doing this.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Farris|first=Scott|url=http://archive.org/details/almostpresidentm0000farr|title=Almost president : the men who lost the race but changed the nation|date=2012|publisher=Lyons Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-7627-6378-8|location=Guilford, CN|pages=7}}</ref> John Anderson won 6.6% of the popular vote but no states.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0928/p09s02-coop.html|title=Let the most popular candidate win|last=Anderson|first=John B.|date=2007-09-28|work=Christian Science Monitor|access-date=2017-09-01|issn=0882-7729|archive-date=September 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902053638/https://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0928/p09s02-coop.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He had the most support in [[New England]], fueled by liberal and moderate Republicans who felt Reagan was too far to the right, and with voters who normally leaned Democratic but were dissatisfied with the Carter administration's policies. His best showing was in [[Massachusetts]], where he won 15% of the vote. Anderson performed worst in the [[Southern United States|South]], receiving under 2% of the vote in South Carolina, Louisiana, Alabama, and Mississippi. He said he was accused of [[Spoiler effect|spoiling the election]] by receiving votes that might have otherwise been cast for Carter,<ref name="auto"/> but 37% of Anderson voters polled preferred Reagan as their second choice.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |last=Kornacki |first=Steve |date=2011-04-04 |title=The myths that just won't die |url=http://www.salon.com/2011/04/04/third_party_myth_easterbrook/ |access-date=2017-08-01 |website=Salon |archive-date=August 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801123934/http://www.salon.com/2011/04/04/third_party_myth_easterbrook/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian Party]] nominee [[Ed Clark]] received 921,299 popular votes (1.06%). Carter's loss was the worst performance by an incumbent president since Herbert Hoover lost to Franklin Roosevelt by a margin of 18% in [[1932 United States presidential election|1932]], and his 49 Electoral College votes were the fewest won by an incumbent since [[William Howard Taft]] won eight in [[1912 United States presidential election|1912]]. Carter was the first incumbent Democrat to serve only one full term since [[James Buchanan]], and the last until [[Joe Biden]]. This was the third and most recent presidential election in which the incumbent Democrat lost reelection, after 1840 and 1888. This was the first time since 1840 that an incumbent Democrat lost the popular vote. Reagan had the most lopsided Electoral College victory for a first-time president-elect, with the exception of George Washington's unanimous victory in 1788.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-30|title=The 10 biggest landslides in presidential election history|url=https://thelistwire.usatoday.com/lists/the-10-biggest-landslides-in-presidential-election-history/|access-date=2021-02-09|website=List Wire|language=en-US|archive-date=January 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120165619/https://thelistwire.usatoday.com/lists/the-10-biggest-landslides-in-presidential-election-history/|url-status=live}}</ref> This election was the last time a Republican won the presidency without winning Georgia. It was the first time Massachusetts voted for a Republican candidate since 1956. 1980 is one of only two occurrences of pairs of consecutive elections seeing the incumbent presidents defeated, the other happening in [[1892 United States presidential election|1892]]. This is the first time since 1892 that a party was voted out after a single four-year term, and the first for Democrats since 1896. This did not occur again for either party until 2020, and for the Democrats until 2024. This election began an ongoing pattern in which [[Rust Belt]] states Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin voted for the same presidential candidate, with the sole exception of [[1988 United States presidential election|1988]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/09/17/politics/blue-wall-states-harris-trump-analysis/index.html|title=Why these three states are the most consistent tipping point in American politics|publisher=CNN|last=Brownstein|first=Ronald|date=September 16, 2024|access-date=September 16, 2024}}</ref> Reagan won 53% of the vote in reliably Democratic [[South Boston]], one example of the so-called [[Reagan Democrat]].<ref name="'70s 283"/> Although he won an even larger Electoral College majority in 1984, the 1980 election nonetheless stands as the last time some now very strongly Democratic counties gave a Republican a majority or plurality. Notable examples are [[Jefferson County, Washington|Jefferson County]] in Washington State, [[Lane County, Oregon]], [[Marin County, California|Marin]] and [[Santa Cruz County, California|Santa Cruz Counties]] in California, [[McKinley County, New Mexico]], and [[Rock Island County, Illinois]].<ref>Sullivan, Robert David; [http://www.americamagazine.org/content/unconventional-wisdom/how-red-and-blue-map-evolved-over-past-century 'How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116163625/http://www.americamagazine.org/content/unconventional-wisdom/how-red-and-blue-map-evolved-over-past-century |date=November 16, 2016 }}; ''America Magazine'' in ''The National Catholic Review''; June 29, 2016</ref> Survey research and post-election polling indicated that the landslide result had been more a repudiation of Carter than an embrace of Reagan. But the public was aware that Reagan would move the nation in a more conservative direction, and was apparently willing to give it a chance to avoid four more years of Carter.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brauer |first1=Carl M. |title=Presidential Transitions: Eisenhower Through Reagan |date=1986 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |isbn=0195040511 |page=220}}</ref> At age 69, Reagan was the oldest non-incumbent to win a presidential election. Thirty-six years later, in [[2016 United States presidential election|2016]], this record was surpassed by [[Donald Trump]] at age 70,<ref>{{cite web|title=Joe Biden will become the oldest president in American history, a title previously held by Ronald Reagan|last=Peter|first=Josh|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2020/11/05/oldest-president-joe-biden/6181672002/|website=[[USA Today]]|access-date=November 9, 2020|archive-date=November 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107182039/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2020/11/05/oldest-president-joe-biden/6181672002/|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[2020 United States presidential election|four years later]] by [[Joe Biden]] at age 77,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/18/us/politics/joe-biden-age-oldest-presidents.html|title=Biden Is the Oldest President to Take the Oath (Published 2021)|website=[[The New York Times]]|date=January 18, 2021|access-date=August 6, 2023|archive-date=December 28, 2021|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/18/us/politics/joe-biden-age-oldest-presidents.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[2024 United States presidential election|another four years after]] by [[Donald Trump]] again at age 78. ==Results== {{start U.S. presidential ticket box| pv_footnote=| ev_footnote=}} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[Ronald Reagan]]| party=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]| state=[[California]]| pv=43,903,230| pv_pct=50.75%| ev=489| vp_name=[[George H. W. Bush]]| vp_state=[[Texas]]}} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[Jimmy Carter]] (incumbent)| party=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]| state=[[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]| pv=35,481,115| pv_pct=41.01%| ev=49| vp_name=[[Walter Mondale]] (incumbent)| vp_state=[[Minnesota]]}} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[John B. Anderson]]| party=[[Independent politician|Independent]]| state=[[Illinois]]| pv=5,719,850| pv_pct=6.61%| ev=0| vp_name=[[Patrick Lucey]]| vp_state=[[Wisconsin]]}} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[Ed Clark]]| party=[[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian]]| state=[[California]]| pv=921,128| pv_pct=1.06%| ev=0| vp_name=[[David Koch]]| vp_state=[[Kansas]]}} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[Barry Commoner]]| party=[[Citizens Party (United States)|Citizens]]| state=[[Missouri]]| pv=233,052| pv_pct=0.27%| ev=0| vp_name=[[LaDonna Harris]]| vp_state=[[Oklahoma]]}} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[Gus Hall]]| party=[[Communist Party USA|Communist]]| state=[[New York (state)|New York]] | pv=44,933| pv_pct=0.05%| ev=0| vp_name=[[Angela Davis]]| vp_state=[[California]] }} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[John Rarick]]| party=[[American Independent Party|American Independent]]| state=[[Louisiana]] | pv=40,906| pv_pct=0.05%| ev=0| vp_name=Eileen Shearer| vp_state=[[California]] }} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[Clifton DeBerry]]| party=[[Socialist Workers Party (United States)|Socialist Workers]]| state=[[California]] | pv=38,738| pv_pct=0.04%| ev=0| vp_name=[[Matilde Zimmermann]]| vp_state=[[New York (state)|New York]] }} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[Ellen McCormack]]| party=[[New York State Right to Life Party|Right to Life]]| state=[[New York (state)|New York]] | pv=32,320| pv_pct=0.04%| ev=0| vp_name=Carroll Driscoll| vp_state=[[New Jersey]] }} {{U.S. presidential ticket box row| name=[[Maureen Smith]]| party=[[Peace and Freedom Party|Peace and Freedom]]| state=[[California]] | pv=18,116| pv_pct=0.02%| ev=0| vp_name=[[Elizabeth Cervantes Barron]]| vp_state=[[California]] }} {{U.S. presidential ticket box other| footnote=| pv=77,290| pv_pct=0.09%}} {{end U.S. presidential ticket box| pv=86,509,678| ev=538| to_win=270}} '''Source (popular vote):''' {{Leip PV source 2| year=1980| as of=August 7, 2005}} '''Source (electoral vote):''' {{National Archives EV source| year=1980| as of=August 7, 2005}} {{bar box |title=Popular vote |titlebar=#ddd |width=600px |barwidth=410px |bars= {{bar percent|'''Reagan'''|{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}|50.75}} {{bar percent|Carter|{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}|41.01}} {{bar percent|Anderson|{{party color|Independent}}|6.61}} {{bar percent|Clark|{{party color|Libertarian Party (US)}}|1.06}} {{bar percent|Commoner|{{party color|Citizens Party (United States)}}|0.27}} {{bar percent|Others|#777777|0.30}} }} {{bar box |title=Electoral vote |titlebar=#ddd |width=600px |barwidth=410px |bars= {{bar percent|'''Reagan'''|{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}|90.89}} {{bar percent|Carter|{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}|9.11}} }} <gallery perrow="3" widths="500px" heights="317px"> File:1980 United States presidential election results map by county.svg|Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote File:1980 United States Presidential election by congressional districts.svg|Results by congressional district, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote Image:1976-1980 United States Presidential swing by county margin.svg|Change in vote margins at the county level from the 1976 election to the 1980 election. </gallery> ===Results by state=== Source:<ref name="auto3">{{cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/data.php?year=1980&datatype=national&def=1&f=0&off=0&elect=0|title=1980 Presidential General Election Data - National|website=Uselectionatlas.org|access-date=March 18, 2013|archive-date=October 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029153844/https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/data.php?year=1980&datatype=national&def=1&f=0&off=0&elect=0|url-status=live}}</ref> {|class="wikitable" |+ Legend |-{{Party shading/Republican}} |colspan=2| States/districts won by [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]]/[[George H. W. Bush|Bush]] |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} |colspan=2| States/districts won by [[Jimmy Carter|Carter]]/[[Walter Mondale|Mondale]] |- | † || At-large results (Maine used the Congressional District Method) |} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" |- ! colspan=2 | ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"| Ronald Reagan<br />Republican ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"| Jimmy Carter<br />Democratic ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"| John Anderson<br />Independent ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"| Ed Clark<br />Libertarian ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Margin ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="1"| Margin<br />Swing{{Efn|Percentage point difference in margin from the [[1976 United States presidential election|1976 election]]}} ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| State Total |- ! align=center | State ! style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number" | electoral<br />votes ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| # ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| % ! style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number" | electoral<br />votes ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| # ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| % ! style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number" | electoral<br />votes ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| # ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| % ! style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number" | electoral<br />votes ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| # ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| % ! style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number" | electoral<br />votes ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| # ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort- type="number"| % ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number" | % ! style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number" | # ! |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Alabama|Alabama]] | style="text-align:center;" | 9 | 654,192 | 48.75 | 9 | 636,730 | 47.45 | - | 16,481 | 1.23 | - | 13,318 | 0.99 | - | 17,462 | 1.30 | 14.41 | 1,341,929 | style="text-align:center;" | AL |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Alaska|Alaska]] | style="text-align:center;" | 3 | 86,112 | 54.35 | 3 | 41,842 | 26.41 | - | 11,155 | 7.04 | - | 18,479 | 11.66 | - | 44,270 | 27.94 | 5.69 | 158,445 | style="text-align:center;" | AK |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Arizona|Arizona]] | style="text-align:center;" | 6 | 529,688 | 60.61 | 6 | 246,843 | 28.24 | - | 76,952 | 8.81 | - | 18,784 | 2.15 | - | 282,845 | 32.36 | 15.79 | 873,945 | style="text-align:center;" | AZ |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Arkansas|Arkansas]] | style="text-align:center;" | 6 | 403,164 | 48.13 | 6 | 398,041 | 47.52 | - | 22,468 | 2.68 | - | 8,970 | 1.07 | - | 5,123 | 0.61 | 30.62 | 837,582 | style="text-align:center;" | AR |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in California|California]] | style="text-align:center;" | 45 | 4,524,858 | 52.69 | 45 | 3,083,661 | 35.91 | - | 739,833 | 8.62 | - | 148,434 | 1.73 | - | 1,441,197 | 16.78 | 15.00 | 8,587,063 | style="text-align:center;" | CA |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Colorado|Colorado]] | style="text-align:center;" | 7 | 652,264 | 55.07 | 7 | 367,973 | 31.07 | - | 130,633 | 11.03 | - | 25,744 | 2.17 | - | 284,291 | 24.00 | 12.53 | 1,184,415 | style="text-align:center;" | CO |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Connecticut|Connecticut]] | style="text-align:center;" | 8 | 677,210 | 48.16 | 8 | 541,732 | 38.52 | - | 171,807 | 12.22 | - | 8,570 | 0.61 | - | 135,478 | 9.63 | 4.46 | 1,406,285 | style="text-align:center;" | CT |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Delaware|Delaware]] | style="text-align:center;" | 3 | 111,252 | 47.21 | 3 | 105,754 | 44.87 | - | 16,288 | 6.91 | - | 1,974 | 0.84 | - | 5,498 | 2.33 | 7.74 | 235,668 | style="text-align:center;" | DE |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia|D.C.]] | style="text-align:center;" | 3 | 23,313 | 13.41 | - | 130,231 | 74.89 | 3 | 16,131 | 9.28 | - | 1,104 | 0.63 | - | -106,918 | -61.49 | 3.63 | 173,889 | style="text-align:center;" | DC |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Florida|Florida]] | style="text-align:center;" | 17 | 2,046,951 | 55.52 | 17 | 1,419,475 | 38.50 | - | 189,692 | 5.14 | - | 30,524 | 0.83 | - | 627,476 | 17.02 | 22.30 | 3,687,026 | style="text-align:center;" | FL |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Georgia|Georgia]] | style="text-align:center;" | 12 | 654,168 | 40.95 | - | 890,733 | 55.76 | 12 | 36,055 | 2.26 | - | 15,627 | 0.98 | - | -236,565 | -14.81 | 18.97 | 1,597,467 | style="text-align:center;" | GA |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Hawaii|Hawaii]] | style="text-align:center;" | 4 | 130,112 | 42.90 | - | 135,879 | 44.80 | 4 | 32,021 | 10.56 | - | 3,269 | 1.08 | - | -5,767 | -1.90 | 0.63 | 303,287 | style="text-align:center;" | HI |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Idaho|Idaho]] | style="text-align:center;" | 4 | 290,699 | 66.46 | 4 | 110,192 | 25.19 | - | 27,058 | 6.19 | - | 8,425 | 1.93 | - | 180,507 | 41.27 | 18.51 | 437,431 | style="text-align:center;" | ID |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Illinois|Illinois]] | style="text-align:center;" | 26 | 2,358,049 | 49.65 | 26 | 1,981,413 | 41.72 | - | 346,754 | 7.30 | - | 38,939 | 0.82 | - | 376,636 | 7.93 | 5.96 | 4,749,721 | style="text-align:center;" | IL |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Indiana|Indiana]] | style="text-align:center;" | 13 | 1,255,656 | 56.01 | 13 | 844,197 | 37.65 | - | 111,639 | 4.98 | - | 19,627 | 0.88 | - | 411,459 | 18.35 | 10.73 | 2,242,033 | style="text-align:center;" | IN |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Iowa|Iowa]] | style="text-align:center;" | 8 | 676,026 | 51.31 | 8 | 508,672 | 38.60 | - | 115,633 | 8.78 | - | 13,123 | 1.00 | - | 167,354 | 12.70 | 11.69 | 1,317,661 | style="text-align:center;" | IA |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Kansas|Kansas]] | style="text-align:center;" | 7 | 566,812 | 57.85 | 7 | 326,150 | 33.29 | - | 68,231 | 6.96 | - | 14,470 | 1.48 | - | 240,662 | 24.56 | 17.01 | 979,795 | style="text-align:center;" | KS |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Kentucky|Kentucky]] | style="text-align:center;" | 9 | 635,274 | 49.07 | 9 | 616,417 | 47.61 | - | 31,127 | 2.40 | - | 5,531 | 0.43 | - | 18,857 | 1.46 | 8.65 | 1,294,627 | style="text-align:center;" | KY |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Louisiana|Louisiana]] | style="text-align:center;" | 10 | 792,853 | 51.20 | 10 | 708,453 | 45.75 | - | 26,345 | 1.70 | - | 8,240 | 0.53 | - | 84,400 | 5.45 | 11.23 | 1,548,591 | style="text-align:center;" | LA |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Maine|Maine †]] | style="text-align:center;" | 2 | 238,522 | 45.61 | 2 | 220,974 | 42.25 | - | 53,327 | 10.20 | - | 5,119 | 0.98 | - | 17,548 | 3.36 | 2.52 | 523,011 | style="text-align:center;" | ME |- {{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[1980 United States presidential election in Maine|''Maine-1'']] | style="text-align:center;" | ''1'' | ''126,274'' | ''45.96'' | ''1'' | ''117,613'' | ''42.80'' | – | ''30,889'' | ''11.24'' | – | ''Unknown'' | ''Unknown'' | – | ''8,661'' | ''3.15'' | ''1.83'' | ''274,776'' | style="text-align:center;" | ''ME1'' |- {{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" |[[1980 United States presidential election in Maine|''Maine-2'']] | style="text-align:center;" | ''1'' | ''112,248'' | ''47.15'' | ''1'' | ''103,361'' | ''43.42'' | – | ''22,438'' | ''9.43'' | – | ''Unknown'' | ''Unknown'' | – | ''8,887'' | ''3.73'' | ''3.46'' | ''238,047'' | style="text-align:center;" | ''ME2'' |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Maryland|Maryland]] | style="text-align:center;" | 10 | 680,606 | 44.18 | - | 726,161 | 47.14 | 10 | 119,537 | 7.76 | - | 14,192 | 0.92 | - | -45,555 | -2.96 | 3.11 | 1,540,496 | style="text-align:center;" | MD |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Massachusetts|Massachusetts]] | style="text-align:center;" | 14 | 1,057,631 | 41.90 | 14 | 1,053,802 | 41.75 | - | 382,539 | 15.15 | - | 22,038 | 0.87 | - | 3,829 | 0.15 | 15.82 | 2,524,298 | style="text-align:center;" | MA |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Michigan|Michigan]] | style="text-align:center;" | 21 | 1,915,225 | 48.99 | 21 | 1,661,532 | 42.50 | - | 275,223 | 7.04 | - | 41,597 | 1.06 | - | 253,693 | 6.49 | 1.10 | 3,909,725 | style="text-align:center;" | MI |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Minnesota|Minnesota]] | style="text-align:center;" | 10 | 873,241 | 42.56 | - | 954,174 | 46.50 | 10 | 174,990 | 8.53 | - | 31,592 | 1.54 | - | -80,933 | -3.94 | 8.93 | 2,051,953 | style="text-align:center;" | MN |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Mississippi|Mississippi]] | style="text-align:center;" | 7 | 441,089 | 49.42 | 7 | 429,281 | 48.09 | - | 12,036 | 1.35 | - | 5,465 | 0.61 | - | 11,808 | 1.32 | 3.20 | 892,620 | style="text-align:center;" | MS |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Missouri|Missouri]] | style="text-align:center;" | 12 | 1,074,181 | 51.16 | 12 | 931,182 | 44.35 | - | 77,920 | 3.71 | - | 14,422 | 0.69 | - | 142,999 | 6.81 | 10.44 | 2,099,824 | style="text-align:center;" | MO |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Montana|Montana]] | style="text-align:center;" | 4 | 206,814 | 56.82 | 4 | 118,032 | 32.43 | - | 29,281 | 8.05 | - | 9,825 | 2.70 | - | 88,782 | 24.39 | 16.95 | 363,952 | style="text-align:center;" | MT |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Nebraska|Nebraska]] | style="text-align:center;" | 5 | 419,937 | 65.53 | 5 | 166,851 | 26.04 | - | 44,993 | 7.02 | - | 9,073 | 1.42 | - | 253,086 | 39.49 | 18.75 | 640,854 | style="text-align:center;" | NE |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Nevada|Nevada]] | style="text-align:center;" | 3 | 155,017 | 62.54 | 3 | 66,666 | 26.89 | - | 17,651 | 7.12 | - | 4,358 | 1.76 | - | 88,351 | 35.64 | 31.28 | 247,885 | style="text-align:center;" | NV |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in New Hampshire|New Hampshire]] | style="text-align:center;" | 4 | 221,705 | 57.74 | 4 | 108,864 | 28.35 | - | 49,693 | 12.94 | - | 2,067 | 0.54 | - | 112,841 | 29.39 | 18.11 | 383,999 | style="text-align:center;" | NH |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in New Jersey|New Jersey]] | style="text-align:center;" | 17 | 1,546,557 | 51.97 | 17 | 1,147,364 | 38.56 | - | 234,632 | 7.88 | - | 20,652 | 0.69 | - | 399,193 | 13.42 | 11.26 | 2,975,684 | style="text-align:center;" | NJ |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in New Mexico|New Mexico]] | style="text-align:center;" | 4 | 250,779 | 54.97 | 4 | 167,826 | 36.78 | - | 29,459 | 6.46 | - | 4,365 | 0.96 | - | 82,953 | 18.18 | 15.71 | 456,237 | style="text-align:center;" | NM |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in New York|New York]] | style="text-align:center;" | 41 | 2,893,831 | 46.66 | 41 | 2,728,372 | 43.99 | - | 467,801 | 7.54 | - | 52,648 | 0.85 | - | 165,459 | 2.67 | 7.10 | 6,201,959 | style="text-align:center;" | NY |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in North Carolina|North Carolina]] | style="text-align:center;" | 13 | 915,018 | 49.30 | 13 | 875,635 | 47.18 | - | 52,800 | 2.85 | - | 9,677 | 0.52 | - | 39,383 | 2.12 | 13.17 | 1,855,833 | style="text-align:center;" | NC |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in North Dakota|North Dakota]] | style="text-align:center;" | 3 | 193,695 | 64.23 | 3 | 79,189 | 26.26 | - | 23,640 | 7.84 | - | 3,743 | 1.24 | - | 114,506 | 37.97 | 32.12 | 301,545 | style="text-align:center;" | ND |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Ohio|Ohio]] | style="text-align:center;" | 25 | 2,206,545 | 51.51 | 25 | 1,752,414 | 40.91 | - | 254,472 | 5.94 | - | 49,033 | 1.14 | - | 454,131 | 10.60 | 10.87 | 4,283,603 | style="text-align:center;" | OH |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Oklahoma|Oklahoma]] | style="text-align:center;" | 8 | 695,570 | 60.50 | 8 | 402,026 | 34.97 | - | 38,284 | 3.33 | - | 13,828 | 1.20 | - | 293,544 | 25.53 | 24.32 | 1,149,708 | style="text-align:center;" | OK |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Oregon|Oregon]] | style="text-align:center;" | 6 | 571,044 | 48.33 | 6 | 456,890 | 38.67 | - | 112,389 | 9.51 | - | 25,838 | 2.19 | - | 114,154 | 9.66 | 9.49 | 1,181,516 | style="text-align:center;" | OR |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]] | style="text-align:center;" | 27 | 2,261,872 | 49.59 | 27 | 1,937,540 | 42.48 | - | 292,921 | 6.42 | - | 33,263 | 0.73 | - | 324,332 | 7.11 | 9.47 | 4,561,501 | style="text-align:center;" | PA |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Rhode Island|Rhode Island]] | style="text-align:center;" | 4 | 154,793 | 37.20 | - | 198,342 | 47.67 | 4 | 59,819 | 14.38 | - | 2,458 | 0.59 | - | -43,549 | -10.47 | 0.81 | 416,072 | style="text-align:center;" | RI |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in South Carolina|South Carolina]] | style="text-align:center;" | 8 | 441,207 | 49.57 | 8 | 427,560 | 48.04 | - | 14,150 | 1.59 | - | 4,975 | 0.56 | - | 13,647 | 1.53 | 14.57 | 890,083 | style="text-align:center;" | SC |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in South Dakota|South Dakota]] | style="text-align:center;" | 4 | 198,343 | 60.53 | 4 | 103,855 | 31.69 | - | 21,431 | 6.54 | - | 3,824 | 1.17 | - | 94,488 | 28.83 | 27.35 | 327,703 | style="text-align:center;" | SD |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Tennessee|Tennessee]] | style="text-align:center;" | 10 | 787,761 | 48.70 | 10 | 783,051 | 48.41 | - | 35,991 | 2.22 | - | 7,116 | 0.44 | - | 4,710 | 0.29 | 13.29 | 1,617,616 | style="text-align:center;" | TN |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Texas|Texas]] | style="text-align:center;" | 26 | 2,510,705 | 55.28 | 26 | 1,881,147 | 41.42 | - | 111,613 | 2.46 | - | 37,643 | 0.83 | - | 629,558 | 13.86 | 17.03 | 4,541,637 | style="text-align:center;" | TX |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Utah|Utah]] | style="text-align:center;" | 4 | 439,687 | 72.77 | 4 | 124,266 | 20.57 | - | 30,284 | 5.01 | - | 7,226 | 1.20 | - | 315,421 | 52.20 | 23.41 | 604,222 | style="text-align:center;" | UT |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Vermont|Vermont]] | style="text-align:center;" | 3 | 94,598 | 44.37 | 3 | 81,891 | 38.41 | - | 31,760 | 14.90 | - | 1,900 | 0.89 | - | 12,707 | 5.96 | -5.24 | 213,207 | style="text-align:center;" | VT |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Virginia|Virginia]] | style="text-align:center;" | 12 | 989,609 | 53.03 | 12 | 752,174 | 40.31 | - | 95,418 | 5.11 | - | 12,821 | 0.69 | - | 237,435 | 12.72 | 11.38 | 1,866,032 | style="text-align:center;" | VA |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Washington (state)|Washington]] | style="text-align:center;" | 9 | 865,244 | 49.66 | 9 | 650,193 | 37.32 | - | 185,073 | 10.62 | - | 29,213 | 1.68 | - | 215,051 | 12.34 | 8.46 | 1,742,394 | style="text-align:center;" | WA |-{{Party shading/Democratic}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in West Virginia|West Virginia]] | style="text-align:center;" | 6 | 334,206 | 45.30 | - | 367,462 | 49.81 | 6 | 31,691 | 4.30 | - | 4,356 | 0.59 | - | -33,256 | -4.51 | 11.63 | 737,715 | style="text-align:center;" | WV |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Wisconsin|Wisconsin]] | style="text-align:center;" | 11 | 1,088,845 | 47.90 | 11 | 981,584 | 43.18 | - | 160,657 | 7.07 | - | 29,135 | 1.28 | - | 107,261 | 4.72 | 6.40 | 2,273,221 | style="text-align:center;" | WI |-{{Party shading/Republican}} | style="text-align:center;" | [[1980 United States presidential election in Wyoming|Wyoming]] | style="text-align:center;" | 3 | 110,700 | 62.64 | 3 | 49,427 | 27.97 | - | 12,072 | 6.83 | - | 4,514 | 2.55 | - | 61,273 | 34.67 | 15.18 | 176,713 | style="text-align:center;" | WY |- ! TOTALS: ! 538 ! 43,903,230 ! 50.75 ! 489 ! 35,480,115 ! 41.01 ! 49 ! 5,719,850 ! 6.61 ! - ! 921,128 ! 1.06 ! - ! 8,423,115 ! 9.74 ! 11.80 ! 86,509,678 | style="text-align:center;" | US |} Maine allowed its electoral votes to be split between candidates. Two electoral votes were awarded to the winner of the statewide race and one electoral vote to the winner of each congressional district. Reagan won all four votes.<ref name="MaineDistrict">{{cite book |last1=Barone |first1=Michael |last2=Ujifusa |first2=Grant|title=The Almanac of American Politics, 1982 |date=1981}}</ref> ====States that flipped from Democratic to Republican==== *[[Alabama]] *[[Arkansas]] *[[Delaware]] *[[Florida]] *[[Kentucky]] *[[Louisiana]] *[[Massachusetts]] *[[Mississippi]] *[[Missouri]] *[[New York (state)|New York]] *[[North Carolina]] *[[Ohio]] *[[Pennsylvania]] *[[South Carolina]] *[[Tennessee]] *[[Texas]] *[[Wisconsin]] ===Close states=== Margin of victory less than 1% (30 electoral votes): # <span style="color:red;">'''Massachusetts, 0.15% (3,829 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Tennessee, 0.29% (4,710 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Arkansas, 0.61% (5,123 votes)'''</span> Margin of victory less than 5% (135 electoral votes): # <span style="color:red;">'''Alabama, 1.30% (17,462 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Mississippi, 1.32% (11,808 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Kentucky, 1.46% (18,857 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''South Carolina, 1.53% (13,647 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Hawaii, 1.90% (5,767 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''North Carolina, 2.12% (39,383 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Delaware, 2.33% (5,498 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''New York, 2.67% (165,459 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Maryland, 2.96% (45,555 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Maine's 1st Congressional District, 3.15% (8,661 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Maine, 3.36% (17,548 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Maine's 2nd Congressional District, 3.73% (8,887 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''Minnesota, 3.94% (80,933 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:blue;">'''West Virginia, 4.51% (33,256 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Wisconsin, 4.72% (107,261 votes)'''</span> Margin of victory more than 5%, but less than 10% (113 electoral votes): # <span style="color:red;">'''Louisiana, 5.45% (84,400 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Vermont, 5.96% (12,707 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Michigan, 6.49% (253,693 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Missouri, 6.81% (142,999 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Pennsylvania, 7.11% (324,332 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''''Illinois, 7.93% (376,636 votes)'''''</span> ''([[tipping-point state]])'' # <span style="color:red;">'''Connecticut, 9.64% (135,478 votes)'''</span> # <span style="color:red;">'''Oregon, 9.66% (114,154 votes)'''</span> ==== Statistics ==== <ref name="auto3"/> Counties with highest percentage of the vote (Republican) # '''<span style="color:red;">[[Banner County, Nebraska]] 90.41%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:red;">[[Madison County, Idaho]] 88.41%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:red;">[[McIntosh County, North Dakota]] 86.01%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:red;">[[McPherson County, South Dakota]] 85.60%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:red;">[[Franklin County, Idaho]] 85.31%</span>''' Counties with highest percentage of the vote (Democratic) # '''<span style="color:blue;">[[Macon County, Alabama]] 80.10%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:blue;">[[Hancock County, Georgia]] 78.50%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:blue;">[[Duval County, Texas]] 77.91%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:blue;">[[Jefferson County, Mississippi]] 77.84%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:blue;">[[Greene County, Alabama]] 77.09%</span>''' Counties with highest percentage of the vote (Other) # '''<span style="color:green;">[[Pitkin County, Colorado]] 27.76%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:green;">[[Nantucket|Nantucket, Massachusetts]] 21.63%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:green;">[[Winnebago County, Illinois]] 21.50%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:green;">[[Dukes County, Massachusetts]] 20.88%</span>''' # '''<span style="color:green;">[[Story County, Iowa]] 19.41%</span>''' ==Voter demographics== {| class=wikitable |- ! colspan="8" | The 1980 presidential vote by demographic subgroup |- ! Demographic subgroup ! {{party shading/Democratic}}|Carter ! {{party shading/Republican}}|Reagan ! {{party shading/Independent}}|Anderson ! % of<br />total vote |- | Total vote | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 41 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 51 | style="text-align:right;" | 7 | style="text-align:right;" | 100 |- ! colspan=5|Ideology |- | [[Modern liberalism in the United States|Liberals]] | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 60 | style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 28 | style="text-align:right;" | 11 | style="text-align:right;" | 17 |- | [[Moderates]] | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 43 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 49 | style="text-align:right;" | 8 | style="text-align:right;" | 46 |- | [[Conservatism in the United States|Conservatives]] | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 23 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 73 | style="text-align:right;" | 3 | style="text-align:right;" | 33 |- ! colspan=5|Party |- | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]] | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 67 | style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 27 | style="text-align:right;" | 6 | style="text-align:right;" | 43 |- | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]] | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 11 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 85 | style="text-align:right;" | 4 | style="text-align:right;" | 28 |- | [[Independent (voter)|Independents]] | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 31 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 55 | style="text-align:right;" | 12 | style="text-align:right;" | 23 |- ! colspan=5|Sex |- | Men | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 37 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 55 | style="text-align:right;" | 7 | style="text-align:right;" | 51 |- | Women | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 46 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 47 | style="text-align:right;" | 7 | style="text-align:right;" | 49 |- ! colspan=5|Race |- | [[White American|White]] | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 36 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 56 | style="text-align:right;" | 7 | style="text-align:right;" | 88 |- | [[African American|Black]] | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 83 | style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 14 | style="text-align:right;" | 3 | style="text-align:right;" | 10 |- | [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]] | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 56 | style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 37 | style="text-align:right;" | 7 | style="text-align:right;" | 2 |- ! colspan=5|Age |- | 18–21 years old | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 45 | style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 44 | style="text-align:right;" | 11 | style="text-align:right;" | 6 |- | 22–29 years old | style="text-align:right; background:#d0c0d7;"| 44 | style="text-align:right; background:#d0c0d7;"| 44 | style="text-align:right;" | 10 | style="text-align:right;" | 17 |- | 30–44 years old | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 38 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 55 | style="text-align:right;" | 7 | style="text-align:right;" | 31 |- | 45–59 years old | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 39 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 55 | style="text-align:right;" | 6 | style="text-align:right;" | 23 |- | 60 and older | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 41 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 55 | style="text-align:right;" | 4 | style="text-align:right;" | 18 |- ! colspan=5|Family income |- | Under $10,000 | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 52 | style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 42 | style="text-align:right;" | 6 | style="text-align:right;" | 13 |- | $10,000–15,000 | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 48 | style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 43 | style="text-align:right;" | 8 | style="text-align:right;" | 14 |- | $15,000–25,000 | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 39 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 54 | style="text-align:right;" | 7 | style="text-align:right;" | 30 |- | $25,000–50,000 | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 33 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 59 | style="text-align:right;" | 7 | style="text-align:right;" | 24 |- | Over $50,000 | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 26 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 66 | style="text-align:right;" | 7 | style="text-align:right;" | 5 |- ! colspan=5|Region |- | [[Northeastern United States|East]] | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 43 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 48 | style="text-align:right;" | 8 | style="text-align:right;" | 32 |- | [[Midwestern United States|Midwest]] | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 42 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 51 | style="text-align:right;" | 6 | style="text-align:right;" | 20 |- | [[Southern United States|South]] | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 45 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 52 | style="text-align:right;" | 2 | style="text-align:right;" | 27 |- | [[Western United States|West]] | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 35 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 54 | style="text-align:right;" | 9 | style="text-align:right;" | 11 |- ! colspan=5|Union households |- | [[Labor unions in the United States|Union]] | style="text-align:right; background:#b0ceff;"| 48 | style="text-align:right; background:#fff3f3;"| 45 | style="text-align:right;" | 7 | style="text-align:right;" | 26 |- | Non-union | style="text-align:right; background:#f0f0ff;"| 36 | style="text-align:right; background:#ffb6b6;"| 56 | style="text-align:right;" | 7 | style="text-align:right;" | 62 |} '''Source:''' [[CBS News]] and ''[[The New York Times]]'' exit poll from the [[Roper Center for Public Opinion Research]] (<small>15,201 surveyed</small>)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://ropercenter.cornell.edu/how-groups-voted-1980|title=How Groups Voted in 1980|website=ropercenter.cornell.edu|access-date=December 11, 2022|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625160507/https://ropercenter.cornell.edu/how-groups-voted-1980|archive-date=June 25, 2022}}</ref> ==Aftermath== In 1986, it was revealed that Philippine leader [[Ferdinand Marcos]] had allegedly donated money to both Carter's and Reagan's campaigns.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mr. Marcos' Money? |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1986/07/30/mr-marcos-money/310a0cb9-780a-43d5-ab66-6e26047c4641/ |work=The Washington Post |date=July 29, 1986|access-date=January 18, 2025}}</ref> ==See also== {{Portal|United States|Politics|1980s|Conservatism}} * [[1980 United States Senate elections]] * [[1980 United States House of Representatives elections]] * [[1980 United States gubernatorial elections]] * [[History of the United States (1964–1980)]] * [[History of the United States (1980–1991)]] * ''[[Anderson v. Celebrezze]]'' * [[Political activities of the Koch brothers]] * [[Debategate]] per allegations of Carter's briefing books being leaked to Reagan campaign prior to their debate ==Notes== {{Notelist}} ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Further reading== ===Books=== * {{Cite book |last=Busch |first=Andrew E. |title=Reagan's Victory: The Presidential Election of 1980 and the Rise of the Right |year=2005 |publisher=University Press of Kansas |location=Lawrence |isbn=0-7006-1407-9 }}. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070409014740/http://www.claremont.org/publications/crb/id.1103/article_detail.asp online review by Michael Barone] * Davies, Gareth, and [[Julian E. Zelizer]], eds. ''America at the Ballot Box: Elections and Political History'' (2015) pp. 196–218. * {{Cite book |last=Ehrman |first=John |title=The Eighties: American in the Age of Reagan |year=2005 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |isbn=0-300-10662-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/eightiesamericai00ehrm }} * {{cite book| last1=Ferguson| first1=Thomas|author-link1=Thomas Ferguson (academic)| first2=Joel |last2= Rogers| author-link2=Joel Rogers| year=1986| title=Right Turn: The Decline of the Democrats and the Future of American Politics| publisher=Hill and Wang| location=New York| isbn=0-8090-8191-1| url=https://archive.org/details/rightturndecline00ferg_0}} * {{cite book| last1=Germond| first1=Jack W.|author-link1=Jack Germond|first2=Jules|last2= Witcover|author-link2=Jules Witcover| year=1981| title=Blue Smoke & Mirrors: How Reagan Won & Why Carter Lost the Election of 1980 | url=https://archive.org/details/bluesmokemirrors00germ| url-access=registration|publisher=Viking |location=New York |isbn=0-670-51383-0 }} * Hogue, Andrew P. ''Stumping God: Reagan, Carter, and the Invention of a Political Faith'' (Baylor University Press; 2012) 343 pages; A study of religious rhetoric in the campaign * Johnstone, Andrew, and Andrew Priest, eds. ''US Presidential Elections and Foreign Policy: Candidates, Campaigns, and Global Politics from FDR to Bill Clinton'' (2017) pp 250–270. [https://muse.jhu.edu/book/50578/ online] * Mason, Jim (2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120825102042/http://www.mit.edu/~mi22295/elections.html#1980 ''No Holding Back: The 1980 John B. Anderson Presidential Campaign'']. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. {{ISBN|0761852263}}. * {{Cite book |last1=Pomper |first1=Gerald M. |author1-link=Gerald M. Pomper |first2=Ross K.|last2= Baker|first3= Kathleen A.|last3= Frankovic|first4= Charles E.|last4= Jacob|first5= Wilson Carey |last5=McWilliams|first6= Henry A.|last6= Plotkin |editor1-last=Pomper |editor1-first=Marlene M. |year=1981 |title=The Election of 1980: Reports and Interpretations |location=Chatham, NJ |publisher=Chatham House|isbn=0-934540-10-1|url=https://archive.org/details/electionof1980re0000unse}} * {{Cite book |last=Shirley |first=Craig |author-link= Craig Shirley |title=Rendezvous with Destiny: Ronald Reagan and the Campaign That Changed America |year=2009 |publisher=Intercollegiate Studies Institute |location=Wilmington, Del. |isbn=978-1-933859-55-2 }}. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120825102042/http://www.mit.edu/~mi22295/elections.html#1980 online review by Lou Cannon] * [[Tim Stanley|Stanley, Timothy]]. ''Kennedy vs. Carter: The 1980 Battle for the Democratic Party's Soul'' (University Press of Kansas, 2010) 298 pages. A revisionist history of the 1970s and their political aftermath that argues that Ted Kennedy's 1980 campaign was more popular than has been acknowledged; describes his defeat by Jimmy Carter in terms of a "historical accident" rather than perceived radicalism. * {{Cite book |last=Troy |first=Gil |author-link=Gil Troy |year=2005 |title=Morning in America: How Ronald Reagan Invented the 1980s |url=https://archive.org/details/morninginamerica00troy |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton |isbn=0-691-12166-4}} * {{Cite book |last=Ward |first=Jon |year=2019 |title=Camelot's End: Kennedy vs. Carter and the Fight that Broke the Democratic Party |location=New York; Boston |publisher=Twelve |isbn=9781455591381 |oclc=1085989134}} * {{Cite book |last=West |first=Darrell M. |year=1984 |title=Making Campaigns Count: Leadership and Coalition-Building in 1980 |url=https://archive.org/details/makingcampaignsc00west |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport, Ct. |isbn=0-313-24235-6}} ===Journal articles=== * {{cite journal| first1=Jerome |last1=Himmelstein |author2=J. A. McRae Jr.| title=Social Conservatism, New Republicans and the 1980 Election| journal=Public Opinion Quarterly| volume=48| year=1984| pages=595–605| doi=10.1086/268860| issue=3}} * {{cite journal| first1=Seymour M.| last1=Lipset|author-link1=Seymour Martin Lipset|first2=Earl |last2= Raab| title=Evangelicals and the Elections| journal=Commentary| volume=71| year=1981| pages=25–31}} * {{cite journal| first=Arthur H.| last=Miller|first2=Martin P. |last2=Wattenberg|author-link2=Martin Wattenberg (political scientist)| title=Politics from the Pulpit: Religiosity and the 1980 Elections| journal=Public Opinion Quarterly| volume=48| year=1984| pages=300–12| doi=10.1093/poq/48.1b.301 |s2cid=144534190}} === Newspaper articles === * {{Cite news |last=Knickerbocker |first=Brad |date=21 October 1981 |title=Did TV change Election '80? |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1981/1021/102132.html |work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]] |access-date=3 November 2020}} ==External links== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120825102042/http://www.mit.edu/~mi22295/elections.html#1980 The Election Wall's 1980 Election Video Page] * [http://geoelections.free.fr/USA/elec_comtes/1980.htm 1980 popular vote by counties] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070516080353/http://presidentelect.org/e1980.html 1980 popular vote by states] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120825102042/http://www.mit.edu/~mi22295/elections.html#1980 1980 popular vote by states (with bar graphs)] * [http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1980 Campaign commercials from the 1980 election] * {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825102042/http://www.mit.edu/~mi22295/elections.html#1980 |date=August 25, 2012 |title=How close was the 1980 election? }}—Michael Sheppard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology * {{in lang|ru}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20101026115349/http://cccp.tv/video/Mezhdunarodnaja_panorama_u_finis/ Portrayal of 1980 presidential elections in the U.S. by the Soviet television] * [http://www.countingthevotes.com/1980/ Election of 1980 in Counting the Votes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311083117/http://www.countingthevotes.com/1980 |date=March 11, 2016 }} {{1980 United States presidential election}} {{State results of the 1980 U.S. presidential election}} {{1980 United States elections}} {{United States presidential elections}} {{Notable third party performances in United States elections}} {{Ronald Reagan}} {{George H. W. Bush}} {{Jimmy Carter}} {{Walter Mondale}} {{Ted Kennedy}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:1980 United States presidential election| ]] [[Category:Presidency of Ronald Reagan|1980 United States Presidential Election]] [[Category:Presidency of Jimmy Carter|1980]] [[Category:Ronald Reagan]] [[Category:Jimmy Carter]] [[Category:Walter Mondale]] [[Category:George H. W. Bush]] [[Category:November 1980 in the United States]]
Summary:
Please note that all contributions to Niidae Wiki may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here.
You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see
Encyclopedia:Copyrights
for details).
Do not submit copyrighted work without permission!
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)
Templates used on this page:
Template:1980 United States elections
(
edit
)
Template:1980 United States presidential election
(
edit
)
Template:Abbr
(
edit
)
Template:Authority control
(
edit
)
Template:Bar box
(
edit
)
Template:Citation needed
(
edit
)
Template:Cite book
(
edit
)
Template:Cite journal
(
edit
)
Template:Cite magazine
(
edit
)
Template:Cite news
(
edit
)
Template:Cite web
(
edit
)
Template:Color
(
edit
)
Template:Columns-list
(
edit
)
Template:Convert
(
edit
)
Template:Date?
(
edit
)
Template:Efn
(
edit
)
Template:End U.S. presidential ticket box
(
edit
)
Template:External media
(
edit
)
Template:For
(
edit
)
Template:Full citation needed
(
edit
)
Template:Further
(
edit
)
Template:George H. W. Bush
(
edit
)
Template:George H. W. Bush series
(
edit
)
Template:Hidden begin
(
edit
)
Template:Hidden end
(
edit
)
Template:ISBN
(
edit
)
Template:In lang
(
edit
)
Template:Infobox election
(
edit
)
Template:Jimmy Carter
(
edit
)
Template:Jimmy Carter series
(
edit
)
Template:Leip PV source 2
(
edit
)
Template:Main
(
edit
)
Template:Multiref2
(
edit
)
Template:National Archives EV source
(
edit
)
Template:Notable third party performances in United States elections
(
edit
)
Template:Notelist
(
edit
)
Template:Party color
(
edit
)
Template:Party shading/Democratic
(
edit
)
Template:Party shading/Independent
(
edit
)
Template:Party shading/Republican
(
edit
)
Template:Portal
(
edit
)
Template:Reflist
(
edit
)
Template:Ronald Reagan
(
edit
)
Template:Ronald Reagan series
(
edit
)
Template:See also
(
edit
)
Template:Short description
(
edit
)
Template:Start U.S. presidential ticket box
(
edit
)
Template:State results of the 1980 U.S. presidential election
(
edit
)
Template:Ted Kennedy
(
edit
)
Template:U.S. presidential ticket box other
(
edit
)
Template:U.S. presidential ticket box row
(
edit
)
Template:United States presidential elections
(
edit
)
Template:Use American English
(
edit
)
Template:Use mdy dates
(
edit
)
Template:Walter Mondale
(
edit
)
Template:Webarchive
(
edit
)
Template:Which
(
edit
)
Template:YouTube
(
edit
)
Search
Search
Editing
1980 United States presidential election
Add topic